REVIEW OF STRUCTURE SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION

Model 1 :

Because /as/ since + clause

Because of/ due to/ owing to + noun/ V-ing
Because she behaves well, everybody loves her
Because of her good behaviour, everybody loves her
Model 2 :
although/ thought /even though + clause
Despite /in spite of + Noun/ V-ing
In spite of being tired, they stayed until they found out what happened
Although they very tired, they
Model 3 :
too + adj (for sb) + to-inf
So + adj + that (clause)
Such + (a/an adj) noun + that (clause)
The box was too heavy that the children couldnt carry it
It was such a heavy box that the children coyldnt carry it
Model 4 :
too + adj (for sb) +to-inf
Not + adj + enough (for sb) + to-inf
Mary is too young to grt married
Marry isnt older enough to get married
Model 5 :
adj + enough (for sb) + to-inf
So + adj + that (clause)
Such + (a/an adj) noun + that (clause)
This question is easy enough for us to answer
It is such an easy question thet we can answer
Model 6 :
so + adj +that(clause)
Such + (a/an adj)noun + that(clause)
Too + adj (for sb) + to-inf
Adj + enough (for sb) + to-inf
It was such an interesting novel that I read it many times
The noval was interesting enough for me to read many times
Model 7 :
so + adj + that (clause)
Such + (a/an adj ) noun + that (clause)
The film was so good that I saw it three times
It was such adj good film that I saw it three times
Model 8 :
to-inf + be +adj
It be adj V - ing

How adj (it be) to - inf

It be adj to - inf

To sit here with you is so nice

It's so nice to sit here with you
it's so nice sitting here with you
how nice it is to sit here with you
Model 9 :
to-inf + be + adj /noun
S + V + it + adj/noun + to-inf
To live on my salary must be hard
I find it hard to on my salary
Model 10 : condition sentences
a)
I can't see the play because it is soiled oiut
if the play werent soiled out, I could see it
b)
we didnt go on holiday because we didnt have enough money
if we had had enoughj money we could have come on holiday
Model 11 :
if not unless
Unless you phone me immediately, youll get some information
If you phone me immediately, you will get some information
Model 12 :
wish

 Present past subjunctiv e

Past past perfect subjunctiv e

Future would if

a)

My wife can't speak English

I wish my wife could speak English
b)
what adj pity you failed in your driving test
I wish you hadnt failed in your driving test
c)
She wont visit me again
I wish she would visit me again
Model 13 : S + V (pre perfect) + time
It is + time + since + clause (V-simple past)
a)
tom and marry have been married for 5 years
it is 5 years since tom and marry got married
b)
I havent my parents for 1 month
it's 1 month since I last saw my parents
Model 14 :
S + have/has not + V(pp)
first time + S + have/has + pp
I havent seen that man here before
It's the first time I have seen that man here
Model 15 : S + have/has not + V(pp) + since/for
S + last + V (past) + when (clause)
The last times + S + was
a)
I havent heard him since August
the last times I heard him was in August
b)
I havent seen him since I was a student
the last times I saw him when I was a student
Model 16 :
S + V (past) + ago
S + have/has been + V-ing + since/for
He started working for this factory a year ago
He had been working for this factory since last year
Model 17 :
S+V + ...time
It take (O) + time + to-inf
She typed the letter in 20 minutes
It took her 20 minutes to type the letter
Model 18 :
S + V + not + untill ..
It was not until that
Tom didnt begin to read until he was eight
It was not until tom was eight that he began to read
Model 19 :
Causative form
+ Active : S + V + O
S + have + O1 + inf + O2 (have S.O + doing )
Get
to-inf
Ill have Tom wash my car
Ill get Tom to wash my car
+Passive S + have/get + O + V(pp) (have S.th done)
Ill have the car washed
Ill get the car washed
Model 20 ;
Passive form
S+V+O
S + be + V (pp) + (by)
No one has ever dicuss this question
That question has never been dicussed
Model 21 :

 say

find

know
think

believe

Someone
They
people

rumour
that ..

It + be + V (pp) + that
S2 + be + V (pp) + to-inf / to have + pp
a)
They think that the owner of the house is abroad
it is though that the owner of the house is though to be abroad
the owner of the house is though to be abroad
b)
people thoug that he had died in the battler
it was though that he had died in the battle
Model 22 :
adj /adv + er + than
More + adj /adv + than
The adj /adv + est
The most + adj / adv
No one in the group is younger than her
Shes the youngest in the group
Model 23 :
not + so / as +adj /adv + as
Adj /adv + er + than
Stone isnt hard as iron
Iron is harder than stone
Model 24 :
clause 1 + clause 2
The comparative + the comparative
The more + S+V + the more + S + V
Less
less
As I get older, I want to travel less
The older I get, the less travel I want
Model 25 :
hardly (past perfect)when
Scarely (past perfect)when
No sooner (past perfect) than
no sooner (past perfect) than
he had no sooner seen me than he ran away
he had hardly seen me when he ran away
no sooner had he seen me than he ran away
hardly he had seen me when he ran away
Model 26 :
S + V = Auxilary + S +V
He didn't return to his native village until the war ended
Not until the war ended, he dud return to his native village
Never [khng bao gi]
Seldom [him khi]
Not only but also [khng nhng m cn]
Not until [mi cho ti khi ]
Hardly when [va mi ..ri th]
Hardly ever [t khi]
Neither nor [cng khng]
Scarely when [va ri th li ]
Only then/when [ch lc ]
Only by [ch bng cch ]
V ing
Only after clause

Nowhere [khng ni no]

Sothat [n ni m]

In no circumtances [khng trng hp no ]

On no acount
[khng v l do g]
Model 27 : S+V (not) S + V (not) either
Neither nor
He isnt going to attend the meeting, Im not either
Neither he nor I am going to attend the meeting
Model 28 :
why dont you + V ?
S + suggested + that (clause) (should + V)
why dont you apply for the job,Ann ? said Sue
Mary suggestsd that Tom should apply for the job
Model 29 ;
indirect speech
a)
Tom ask me, whats her name ?
Tom ask me what her name was
b)
she said: are you hungry,Tom ?
she asked Tom if he was hungry
c)
Mary said to Tom open the door, please
Mary asked Tom to open the door
d)
he said to them : Dont be latr tomorrow
he told them not to be late tomorrow
Model 30 :
S + V (past) V-ing
(didnt ) not V-ing
(had + pp) having + pp
Tom had failed twice, so he didnt want to try again
Having failed twice, he didn't want to try again
Model 31 :
S + cannot + inf
S + prevent + O from + V-ing
Because of the rough sea, the farry couldnt sailed
The rough sea prevented the ferry from sailing
Model 32 :
adj verb
It isnt necessary to finish the work today
You dont need to finish the work today
Model 33 :
verb noun
He didnt intend to stay here
He had no intention to stay here
Model 34 :
clause gerund/phrase
Lets invite the Browns to the party on Sunday
He suggested inviting the Browns to the party on Sunday
Model 35 :
simple sentence complex sentence
Youth is the time for the formation of character
Youth is the time when character is formed
Model 36 : it's time for S.b to do S.th = it's time .. S.b did S.th