Screening of DR in patients with diabetes can be performed by various modalities like direct
ophthalmoscopy, slit lamp bio-microscopy and digital photography.
Nonmydriatic screening for diabetic retinopathy by ultra-widefield scanning laser
ophthalmoscopy (Optomap).
Binocular indirect
ophthalmoscopy supported the decision to treat with laser therapy, as the neovascular areas were beginning to exert traction on the vitreous, suggesting a high risk of retinal detachment (Figure 2).
Direct
Ophthalmoscopy was used for diagnosing retinopathy.
Moreover, the accuracy of diagnoses was higher accurate when PHC physicians measured patient's visual acuity or used
ophthalmoscopy. However, differences in accuracy of diagnoses according to the measurement of visual acuity or performing
ophthalmoscopy were not statistically significant [Table 4].
Therefore, a DL model that can accurately diagnose conditions based on ultrawide-field fundus
ophthalmoscopy images without the need for human input can be used to screen and diagnose a very large number of patients at a very low cost.
The result of physical examination (P/E) was papilledema on
ophthalmoscopy and right-sided sixth cranial nerve palsy.
Ophthalmological screening consisted of a thorough examination of the central and peripheral retina by means of indirect
ophthalmoscopy through dilated pupils.
All patients underwent standard automated perimetry and analysis of ONH topography by using confocal scanning laser
ophthalmoscopy (CSLO)-HRT II.
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The eyes of cat were examined using indirect
ophthalmoscopy (Welch Allyn, USA).
However, ultrasound of the ONSD is easier to learn than other beside assessments of ICP including transcranial Doppler and
ophthalmoscopy [10].
In most patients, the diagnosis of CRAO may be made with
ophthalmoscopy alone, although ancillary testing is frequently used to confirm the diagnosis and to document the findings at presentation.
Diagnostic criteria used was based upon the presence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and PVR was diagnosed on slit lamp biomicroscopy and indirect
ophthalmoscopy. PVR was further categorized into different grades (A,B and C).
In Wyburn-Mason syndrome cutaneous findings of unilateral vascular abnormalities involving facial structure may resemble hemangioma but absence of intracranial and retinal arteriovenous malformation on MRI and
ophthalmoscopy ruled out Wyburn-Mason syndrome.5 Port-wine stain in case of Sturge-Weber syndrome may mimic facial hemangioma but absence of glaucoma on eye examination and MRI findings typical of PHACE syndrome in our patient excluded Sturge-Weber syndrome.6
