Ole Rømer
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| Ole Rømer | |
|---|---|
 Ole Rømer | |
| Amezaliwa | 25 Septemba 1644 |
| Amefariki | 19 Septemba 1710 |
| Kazi yake | mtaalamu wa astronomia kutoka Denmark |
Ole Christensen Rømer (matamshi ya Kidenmark: [ˈOːlə ˈʁœˀmɐ] ; 25 Septemba 1644 - 19 Septemba 1710) alikuwa mtaalamu wa astronomia kutoka Denmark ambaye mnamo 1676 alifanya vipimo vya kwanza vya Kasi ya nuru.
Rømer pia alibuni kipimajoto cha kisasa kinachoonyesha halijoto kati ya nukta mbili ambazo ni sehemu ambapo maji huchemka na kuganda.
Katika vitabu vya sayansi, tahajia mbadala kama "Roemer", "Römer", au "Romer" ni kawaida.
Maisha
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Rømer alizaliwa mnamo 25 Septemba 1644 mjini Aarhus. Wazazi wake walikuwa mfanyabiashara na nahodha Christen Pedersen (aliyefariki 1663), na Anna Olufsdatter Storm (1610 hivi - 1690), binti wa mjumbe wa halmashauri ya mji. [1] Tangu mwaka 1642, Christen Pedersen alikuwa akitumia jina la Rømer, ambalo linamaanisha kwamba alitokea kisiwa cha Denmark cha Rømø, ili kujitofautisha na watu wengine kadhaa walioitwa pia Christen Pedersen. [2]
Kuna habari chache kuhusu Ole Rømer kabla ya 1662, alipohitimu kutoka kwa shule ya kanisa kuu la Aarhus.[3] Kutoka hapo alihamia Kopenhagen akasoma hisabati na astronomia kwenye Chuo Kikuu cha Kopenhagen . Mlezi wake kwenye Chuo Kikuu alikuwa profesa Rasmus Bartholin alieyechapisha ugunduzi wake wa upindaji maradufu ya mwanga katika fuwele mnamo 1668, wakati Rømer alikuwa akiishi nyumbani kwake. Rømer alipewa fursa ya kujifunza hisabati na astronomia akitumia maandiko ya Tycho Brahe, kwani Bartholin alikuwa amepewa jukumu la kuyaandaa kwa uchapishaji. [4]
Baada ya kuhitimu chuo Rømer aliajiriwa na serikali ya Ufaransa: mfalme Louis XIV alimfanya mwalimu wa mwanawe alishiriki pia katika ujenzi wa chemchemi za mapambo nzuri kwenye jumba la Versailles .
Mnamo 1681 Rømer alirudi Denmark akateuliwa kuwa profesa wa astronomia katika Chuo Kikuu cha Kopenhagen.
Rømer alipewa pia nafasi ya mwanahisabati mkuu wa kifalme na hapo alianzisha mfumo wa kwanza wa kitaifa wa vipimo sanifu katika Denmark mnamo 1 Mei 1683. [5] [6] Pamoja na vipimo vingine alifafanua mailimpya ya Kidenmark kuwa na futi 24,000 (karibu mita 7,532 ). [7]
Mnamo mwaka 1700 Rømer alimshawishi mfalme kukubali kalenda ya Gregori kwa matumizi katika ufalme wa Denmark-Norwei. Hili ni jambo ambalo Tycho Brahe alishindwa kuanzisha miaka mia moja kabla yake. [8]
Rømer alibuni moja ya skeli za kupima halijoto za kwanza.[9] Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit alimtembelea mnamo 1708 na kuendeleza skeli ya Rømer, na matokeo yake yalikuwa skeli ya joto ya Fahrenheit inayotumika hadi leo katika nchi kadhaa ingawa mahali pengi skeli ya selsiasi imechukua kipaumbele. [10] [11] [12]
Rømer pia alianzisha vyuo kwa mabaharia katika miji kadhaa ya Denmark. [13]
Mnamo mwaka wa 1705, Rømer alipewa pia kazi ya kusimamia polisi ya Kopenhagen, nafasi ambayo aliishikilia hadi kifo chake mnamo 1710. [14] Kama moja ya maazimio yake ya kwanza, alifukuza watumishi wote wote, akiamini kuwa ari yao ilikuwa duni mno. Alibuni taa za kwanza za barabarani (taa za mafuta) mjini Kopenhagen. Alijitahidi kudhibiti waombaomba, watu wasio na kazi, na makahaba wa Kopenhagen. [15] [16]
Rømer alitunga sheria za ujenzi wa nyumba mpya, akatengeneza mfumo wa maji na maji taka ya mji, akapatia walinzi moto vifaa vipya akashawishi serikali ya mji kupanga mitaa imara iliyofunikwa kwa mawe ya vibbamba. [17] [18] [19]
Rømer alifaRIKI akiwa na umri wa miaka 65 mnamo 1710. Alizikwa katika Kanisa Kuu la Kopenhagen.[20]
Rømer na kasi ya nuru
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Hadi siku za Romer wataalamu wengi waliona nuru haina kasi, wakiamini inafika mara moja kwa mtazamaji. Lakini wengine walihisi inaweza kuwa na mwendo.
Mnamo 1671 Rømer akajiunga na Jean Picard kutazama kupatwa kwa Io, mwezi wa Mshtarii, kwa kipindi cha miezi kadhaa, wakati Giovanni Domenico Cassini alitazama matukio ya kupatwa yaleyale huko Paris, Ufaransa. Io inazunguka Mshtarii kila baada masaa 42½ kwa hiyo kwa mtazamaji wa duniani inafunikwa na sayari hiyo kwa sehemu ya obiti yake, yaani inapatwa na Mshtarii.
1668 Cassini aliwahi kutoa jedwali inayotabiri ufuatano na wakati wa kuona kupatwa kwa Io. Lakini wakati wa kutazama Io na Mshtarii kuna tofauti ya dakika kadhaa kati ya jedwali yake na kupatwa jinsi kunavyotazamwa.
Rømer alitambua kwamba mabadiliko haya yako tofauti kulingana na majira ya mwaka. Romer aliamini kwamba kasi ya obiti ya Io haibadiliki; ilhali alijua umbali kati ya Mshtarii na Dunia inayobadilika kidogo kulingana na mwendo wao zikizunguka Jua, alitambua kwamba wakati Dunia na Mshtarii zinaongeza umbali kati yake, muda wa kupatwa ulikuwa mkubwa kidogo. Kinyuma chake wakati Dunia na Mshtarii zinasogea karibu zaidi, muda wa kupatwa wa Io ulipungua kidogo.
Rømer aliwaza kwamba vipimo hivi vinaweza kuelezwa kama nuru ina kasi maalumu aliyoendelea kukadiria. Aliona nuru ilitembea kati ya dakika 10 hadi 11 kutoka Io hadi duniani, kutegemeana na umbali.
Wakati wa maisha yake, wataalamu bado walivutana kati yao kama nuru kweli ina kasi. Lakini hasa pale Uingereza wanaastronomia kama Christiaan Huygens na Isaac Newton walivutwa na makadirio ya Romer na kwa kutumia hesabu zake waliweza tayari kupiga hesabu kuwa nuru ya Jua inahitaju takriban dakika nane kufika duniani, na kipimo hiki kilifanana tayari na elimu yetu ya leo.
Marejeo
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- ↑ Niels Dalgaard (1996). Dage med Madsen, eller, Livet i Århus: om sammenhænge i Svend Åge Madsens forfatterskab (kwa Kidenmaki). Museum Tusculanum Press. ku. 169–. ISBN 978-87-7289-409-6.
... skipper og handelsmand i Århus, gift med Anne Olufsdatter Storm (død 1690) og far til astronomen Ole Rømer (1644–1710).
- ↑ Friedrichsen, Per; Tortzen, Chr. Gorm (2001). Ole Rømer – Korrespondance og afhandlinger samt et udvalg af dokumenter (kwa Kidenmaki). Copenhagen: C. A. Reitzels Forlag. uk. 16. ISBN 87-7876-258-8.
- ↑ Bogvennen (kwa Kidenmaki). Juz. la 1–9. Fischers forlag. 1971. ku. 66–.
Denne antagelse tiltrænger en nærmere redegørelse: Ole Rømer udgik som student fra Aarhus Katedralskole i 1662. Ole Rømer Skolens rektor på den tid var Niels Nielsen Krog, om hvem samtidige kilder oplyser, at "hans studium ...
- ↑ Friedrichsen; Tortzen (2001), pp. 19–20.
- ↑ Mai-Britt Schultz; Rasmus Dahlberg (31 Oktoba 2013). Det vidste du ikke om Danmark (kwa Kidenmaki). Gyldendal. ku. 53–. ISBN 978-87-02-14713-1.
I 1683 udarbejdede Ole Rømer en forordning, der fastsatte den danske mil samt en række andre mål, hvilket var hårdt tiltrængt, for indtil da havde der hersket et sandt enhedskaos i Danmark/Norge. Eksempelvis var en sjællandsk alen 63 centimeter, ...
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Poul Aagaard Christiansen; Povl Riis; Eskil Hohwy (1982). Festskrift udgivet i anledning af Universitetsbibliotekets 500 års jubilæum 28. juni 1982 (kwa Kidenmaki). Lægeforeningen. ku. 87–.
En studie i Ole Rømers efterladte optegnelser, Adversaria, som hans enke Else Magdalene ... at give Christian V's kongelige mathematicus Ole Rømer (1644–1710) æren for udformningen af forordningen af 1.V.1683 ...
- ↑ Niels Erik Nørlund (1944). De gamle danske længdeenheder (kwa Kidenmaki). E. Munksgaard. ku. 74–.
... Maj 1683 gennemførte Reform af Maal og Vægt fastsatte Ole Rømer den danske Mils Længde til 12 000 danske Alen.
- ↑ K. Hastrup; C. Rubow; T. Tjørnhøj-Thomsen (2011). Kulturanalyse – kort fortalt (kwa Kidenmaki). Samfundslitteratur. ku. 219–. ISBN 978-87-593-1496-8.
I Danmark blev den gregorianske kalender indført den 1. marts 1700 efter forarbejde af Ole Rømer. Man stoppede med brug af den julianske kalender den 18. februar, og sprang simpelthen de næste 11 dage over, så man landede direkte på ...
- ↑ Tom Shachtman (12 Desemba 2000). Absolute Zero and the Conquest of Cold. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ku. 48–. ISBN 0-547-52595-8.
... down to an almost mythical point, an absolute zero, the end of the end. Around 1702, while Amontons was doing his best work in Paris, in Copenhagen the astronomer Ole Romer, who had calculated the finite speed of light, broke his leg. Confined to his home for some time, he took the opportunity of forced idleness to produce a thermometer having two fixed points ...
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Don Rittner (1 Januari 2009). A to Z of Scientists in Weather and Climate. Infobase Publishing. ku. 54–. ISBN 978-1-4381-0924-4.
Fahrenheit's first thermometers, from about 1709 to 1715, contained a column of alcohol that directly expanded and contracted, based on a design made by Danish astronomer Ole Romer in 1708, which Fahrenheit personally reviewed. Romer ...
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Popularization and People (1911–1962). Elsevier. 22 Oktoba 2013. ku. 431–. ISBN 978-0-08-046687-3.
... letter from Fahrenheit to his Dutch colleague Hermann Boerhaave (1668–1738) dated 17 April 1729 in which Fahrenheit describes his experience at Rømer's laboratory in 1708.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Neil Schlager; Josh Lauer (2001). Science and Its Times: 1700–1799. Gale Group. ku. 341–. ISBN 978-0-7876-3936-5.
In 1708 Fahrenheit visited Ole Romer (1644–1710). Since at least 1702 Romer had been making alcohol thermometers with two fixed points and a scale divided into equal increments. He impressed upon Fahrenheit the scientific importance of ...
- ↑ Carl Sophus Petersen; Vilhelm Andersen; Richard Jakob Paulli (1929). Illustreret dansk litteraturhistorie: bd. Den danske littterature fra folkevandringstiden indtil Holberg, af C.S. Petersen under medvirkning af R. Paulli (kwa Kidenmaki). Gyldendai. ku. 716–.
... Det var paa hans Tilskyndelse, at de første Navigationsskoler (i København og Stege) oprettedes, og Bestyrerpladserne besatte han med de bedste ...
- ↑ A. Sarlemijn; M.J. Sparnaay (22 Oktoba 2013). Physics in the Making: Essays on Developments in 20th Century Physics. Elsevier Science. ku. 48–. ISBN 978-1-4832-9385-1.
The other, Ole Rømer, was Bartholin's amanuensis, later his son-in-law. ... man, became the Danish king's mathematician (mathematicus regius), professor of astronomy at the University of Copenhagen, and eventually chief of police of that city.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Denmark. Udenrigsministeriet. Presse- og informationsafdelingen (1970). Denmark. An official handbook. Krak. ku. 403–. ISBN 978-87-7225-011-3.
It was perhaps fortunate that Ole Romer (1644–1710) was called home to Denmark after he had achieved world fame by ... of Copenhagen and oblige him to devote time and energy to thinking out measures against prostitution and begging.
- ↑ Gunnar Olsen; Finn Askgaard (1985). Den unge enevaelde: 1660–1721 (kwa Kidenmaki). Politikens Forlag. ku. 368–. ISBN 978-87-567-3866-8.
Det var et held, at Ole Rømer først blev kaldt tilbage til den danske hovedstad, efter at han i Paris havde opnået ... Men at denne geniale forsker som Københavns politimester skulle beskæftige sig med forholdsregler mod prostitution og betleri, ..
- ↑ Danmarks Naturvidenskabelige Samfund (1914). Ingeniørvidenskabelige skrifter (kwa Kidenmaki). Danmarks naturvidenskabelige samfund, i kommission hos G.E.C. Gad. ku. 108–.
I de følgende Aar udstedtes der en Række Forordninger om Gaderne; de skyldes uden Tvivl Ole Rømer. Snart er det Brolægningen, det gælder, snart et omhyggeligt Reglement for Færdslen i Gaderne. Brolægningen havde medført store ...
- ↑ Svend Cedergreen Bech (1967). Københavns historie gennem 800 år (kwa Kidenmaki). Haase. ku. 246–.
1705-10 beklædtes politimesterembedet af fysikeren Ole Rømer, i hvis embedstid mange reformer forsøgtes. Brolægning og belysning forbedredes, vandforsyning og vandafledning blev taget op til revision, men heller ikke en så ...
- ↑ Axel Kjerulf (1964). Latinerkvarteret; blade af en gemmel bydels historie (kwa Kidenmaki). Hassings forlag. ku. 44–.
Ole Rømer vendte i 1681 tilbage til København, hvor han blev professor i astronomi ved universitetet og giftede sig med Rasmus ... justering af mål og vægt, blev ham betroet foruden ordning af byggeforhold, gaders brolægning og belysning.
- ↑ Virginia Trimble; Thomas R. Williams; Katherine Bracher; Richard Jarrell; Jordan D. Marché; F. Jamil Ragep (18 Septemba 2007). Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. Springer Science & Business Media. ku. 983–. ISBN 978-0-387-30400-7.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
Vyanzo
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- MacKay, R. Jock; Oldford, R. Wayne (2000). "Scientific Method, Statistical Method and the Speed of Light". Statistical Science. 15 (3): 254–278. doi:10.1214/ss/1009212817. (Mostly about A.A. Michelson, but considers forerunners including Rømer.)
- Axel V. Nielsen (1944). Ole Romer, en Skildring af hans Liv og Gerning (kwa Kidenmaki). Nordisk Forlag.
Viungo vya nje
[hariri | hariri chanzo]
media kuhusu Ole Rømer pa Wikimedia Commons</img>- Roemer, Ole Christensen (katika Galileo Project)
- Démonstration touchant le mouvement de la lumière (Makala ya 1676 juu ya kasi ya nuru, kwa Kifaransa cha zamani, kama maandishi ya kawaida)
- Rømer na Kanuni ya Doppler. (maelezo zaidi juu ya matokeo ya Rømer)
- (Kidenmark) Fysikeren Ole Rømer (kwa Kidenmaki)
- Jumba la kumbukumbu la Kroppedal
- Ole Rømer kwenye noti 50 ya pesa ya Kroner Archived 3 Agosti 2018 at the Wayback Machine.