Bashar al-Assad
| |
| Linukluk 17 Julio 2000 – 8 Disiembri 2024 | |
| Kaduang Pamuntuk) | Farouk al-Sharaa Najah al-Attar |
|---|---|
| Pun Ministru | Muhammad Mustafa Mero Muhammad Naji al-Otari Adel Safar Riyad Farid Hijab Omar Ibrahim Ghalawanji (Acting) Wael Nader al-Halqi |
| Minuna kaya | Abdul Halim Khaddam (Acting) |
| Minuna kayá | Hafez al-Assad |
| Kebaitan | Septiembri 11 1965 (idad 59) Damascus, United Arab Republic |
| Politika partidu | Ba'ath Party |
| Asawa | Asma al-Akhras |
| Kapanwalan/Kasalpantayanan | Alawi Shia Islam[1] |
I Bashar Hafez al-Assad (بشار حافظ الأسد Baššār Ḥāfiẓ al-ʾAsad, Levantine a pangayagkas: [baʃˈʃaːr ˈħaːfezˤ elˈʔasad]; mibait 11 Setiembre 1965) ing kasalungsungan a President ning Syria ampong Kalihim Panglabwad (Regional Secretary) ning Sangang panimunan ning Syria ning Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. Ing tata na, i Hafez al-Assad, ing tinalan king Syria kilub ning 29 banwa angga king kayang kamatayan anyang 2000.
Miyari ya king pipagaralan a pangmedisina (medical school) king University of Damascus anyang 1988, at megumpisa yang magobra antimong doktor king ukbu (army). Kaybat ning apat a banwa, megaral yang pamagaral a postgraduate king Western Eye Hospital, king London, at megi yang espesyalista king ophthalmology. Anyang 1994, nung kapilan ya mete king aksidenti king sapungan kotsi ing koya nang i Bassel, ing talapagmana nang tata ra, mabilis deng pepayaus i Bashar bang manalili king pwestu nang Bassel. Linub ya king akademyang militar, at menibala ya king Pamanyakup ning Syria king Lebanon anyang 1998. Kanitang Diciembre 2000, mikasal ya i Assad kang Asma Assad, a maki pilidung Akhras anyang dalaga ya. Miyalal yang Al-Assad was elected as Pamuntuk ning Syria i Al-Assad anyang 2000 ampong 2007, at pareu yang alang kalaban.[2][3]
Anyang mumuna, akakit de king bangsa na ampo kareng aliwang bangsa antimong repormista o magdalang kapanumanan, at mika palayo yang "The Hope" ("Ing Kapanayan"), oneng anting mebigu iti kaybat ning milyari king Gerang sibil king Syria.[4] Kaybat na nita, inyad na ning Oposisyun king Syria ampo ing maragul a dake ning komunidad a internasyunal ing kayang pamitabili king upaya o pamagdimitir (resignation).[5]
Dalerayan
[mag-edit | alilan ya ing pikuwanan]- Notes
- ↑ Lane & Redissi 2004, p. 179.
- ↑ "Syrians Vote For Assad in Uncontested Referendum", The Washington Post (28 May 2007).
- ↑ "Syria's Assad wins another term", BBC News, British Broadcasting Corporation (29 May 2007).
- ↑ Lesch 2011, p. 2.
- ↑ Bassem Mroue (18 April 2011). "Bashar Assad Resignation Called For By Syria Sit-In Activists", The Huffington Post. Retrieved on 20 April 2011. Archived from the original on 12 May 2011.
- Bibliography
- Houghton Mifflin (2003). The Houghton Mifflin Dictionary of Biography. ISBN 978-0-618-25210-7.
- Blanford, Nicholas (2006). Killing Mr Lebanon: The Assassination of Rafik Hariri and Its Impact on the Middle East. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-202-8.
- (2004) Religion And Politics: Islam And Muslim Civilisation. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-4167-4.
- Leverett, Flynt L. (2005). Inheriting Syria: Bashar's Trial By Fire. Brookings Institution. ISBN 978-0-8157-5204-2.
- Lesch, David W. (2011). Syria: The Fall of the House of Assad. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-18651-2.
- Minahan, James (2002). Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: A-C. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-32109-2.
- (1999) Modern Syria: From Ottoman Rule to Pivotal Role in the Middle East. Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 1-898723-83-4.
- (2008) The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social, and Military History. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-85109-841-5.
- Zisser, Eyal (2007). Commanding Syria: Bashar Al-Asad And the First Years in Power. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-153-3.
Karagdagang babasan
[mag-edit | alilan ya ing pikuwanan]- Syria: The Fall of the House of Assad by David W. Lesch (Yale University Press; 2012) 275 pages, scholarly account
- Bashar Al-Assad (Major World Leaders) by Susan Muaddi Darraj, (June 2005, Chelsea House Publications) ISBN 0-7910-8262-8 for young adults
- Syria Under Bashar Al-Asad: Modernisation and the Limits of Change by Volker Perthes, (2004, Oxford University Press) ISBN 0-19-856750-2 (Adelphi Papers #366)
- Bashar's First Year: From Ophthalmology to a National Vision (Research Memorandum) by Yossi Baidatz, (2001, Washington Institute for Near East Policy) ISBN B0006RVLNM
- Syria: Revolution From Above by Raymond Hinnebusch (Routledge; 1st edition, August 2002) ISBN 0-415-28568-2
- Bashar al-Assad and John F. Kennedy, Forward Magazine (Syria) Scott C. Davis (18 May 2008). Bashar al-Assad and John F. Kennedy. Forward Magazine. Retrieved on 3 August 2010.
- Assad: We too were not very happy with Annapolis, Forward Magazine (Syria) Assad: We too were not very happy with Annapolis | Forward Magazine. Fw-magazine.com (4 June 1967). Retrieved on 3 August 2010.
- Seven years of Bashar al-Assad’s rule 2000–2007, Forward Magazine (Syria) [1]
Suglung palwal
[mag-edit | alilan ya ing pikuwanan]
- Official website
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Bashar al-Assad on Charlie Rose
- Bashar al-Assad king Internet Movie Database
- Deng obrang gewa nang o tungkul kang Bashar al-Assad kareng aklatan (WorldCat catalog)
- Bashar al-Assad mitipun a balita ampong komentaryu king Al Jazeera English
- Bashar al-Assad mitipun a balita ampong komentaryu king The Guardian
- Bashar al-Assad mitipun a balita ampong komentaryu king Ha'aretz
- Bashar al-Assad collected news and commentary at The Jerusalem Post
- Bashar al-Assad mitipun a balita ampong komentaryu king The New York Times
- Bashar al-Assad at the Notable Names Database
- Profile Archived Setyembri 19, 2011 at the Wayback Machine at the LookLex Encyclopedia
- Unofficial website Archived Juliu 23, 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- Unofficial website with CV Archived Marsu 1, 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Speeches Archived Abril 20, 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Pictures Archived Abril 20, 2011 at the Wayback Machine and Mideast Just Peace Archived Pebreru 20, 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- Articles
- Syria’s Proxy Forces in Iraq, Al-Hayat (London), 12 April 2003 at Middle East Intelligence Bulletin
- Profile: Syria's Bashar al-Assad BBC News, 10 March 2005
- Bashar al-Assad's Lebanon Gamble, William Harris, Middle East Quarterly, Summer 2005
- Assad on the Brink Archived Disyembri 17, 2012 at the Wayback Machine, David Hirst, The Nation, 21 November 2005
- Syria's Leaders Archived Juliu 19, 2006 at the Wayback Machine, Esther Pan, Council on Foreign Relations, 10 March 2006
- Connecting the dots in Lebanon Archived Mayu 4, 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Omar Raad, Ya Libnan Volunteer, 2 December 2006
- The Assad Dynasty in Syria: From Father to Son, Kristin Helberg, Deutsche Welle, 2009 at qantara.de
- Interview With Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, The Wall Street Journal, 31 January 2011
- Profile: Bashar al-Assad, Al Jazeera English, 25 March 2011
| Party political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Minuna kaya Hafez al-Assad |
General Secretary of the Regional Command of the Ba'ath Party 2000–present |
Incumbent |
|- style="text-align:center;"
|width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1"|Minuna kaya
Abdul Halim Khaddam
Acting
|width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1"|President of Syria
2000–present
|width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1"|Incumbent
|-
|}
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