punya

Baba Malay

Etymology

Inherited from Malay punya. Semantic loan from Hokkien 的 (ê).

Particle

punya

1. possessive particle

   gua punya ruma. ― My house (literally, “I have house.”)

Synonyms

• mia

Indonesian

Etymology

Inherited from Malay punya. First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684AD. Possibly a back-formation from mempunyai.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈpuɲa/ [ˈpu.ɲa]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uɲa
• Syllabification: pu‧nya

Noun

punya (first-person possessive punyaku, second-person possessive punyamu, third-person possessive punyanya)

1. owner

Synonyms

• pemilik
• tuan
• empunya

Verb

punya

1. to have

   Saya punya kamus baru.

   • I have a new dictionary.

2. to own

   Buku itu kepunyaan saya.

   • The book is mine.

Conjugation

Conjugation of punya (meng-, transitive)
Root	punya
	Active	Involuntary	Passive	Basic / Imperative	Jussive
Active	mempunyai	terpunyai	dipunyai
Locative
Causative / Applicative1	mempunyakan	terpunyakan	dipunyakan
	Causative
Active
Locative
Causative / Applicative1
1The -kan row is either causative or applicative, with transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning. Notes: This word has an irregular derivation due to etymological reasons or speakers' habits. Some of these forms do normally not exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning.

Synonyms

• (transitive): memiliki
• (intransitive): milik

Further reading

• “punya” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Malay

Etymology

Clipping of empunya, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *empu-ni-a, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *empu. Compare Tagalog impó (“grandmother”).

First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (punyā) in the form [script needed] (punyāña).

In the sense of possessive/genitive particle, semantic loan from Hokkien 的 (ê).

Pronunciation

• (Johor-Riau) IPA^(key): [pu.ɲə]
  • Rhymes: -ɲə, -ə
• (Baku) IPA^(key): [pu.ɲa]
  • Rhymes: -ɲa, -a
• Hyphenation: pu‧nya

Noun

punya (Jawi spelling ڤوڽا)

1. Someone who owns a certain thing; an owner.

   Synonyms: pemunya, pemilik, empunya, tuan, yang punya, tuan punya

2. Something that is owned; a possession.

   Synonyms: kepunyaan, hak, milik

   rumah punya Adam ― house that is Adam's possession

Particle

punya (Jawi spelling ڤوڽا)

1. (informal) Used to indicate possession, similar to English 's.

   Adam punya buku ― Adam's book

Usage notes

• The more formal way to indicate possession in Malay is by placing the possessed object in front of the possessor, so that, to say "Adam's book", instead of saying "Adam punya buku", one just says "buku Adam".

Verb

punya (Jawi spelling ڤوڽا)

1. To have.

   Synonyms: punyai, ada

   Saya punya enam buku.

   I have six books.

2. To own.

   Synonym: punyai

   Saya punya dua buah rumah.

   I own two houses.

3. (spoken) Emphasizes a word that is repeated.

Affixations

• berpunya
• kepunyaan
• pemunya
• punyai
• punyakan (archaic)
• sepunya

 

Descendants

• Ambonese Malay: pung
• Indonesian: punya
• Kupang Malay: pung
• Manado Malay: pe
• North Moluccan Malay: pi
• Papuan Malay: pu

Further reading

• “punya” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Old Khmer

Alternative forms

• puṇya, បុណ្យ
• បុន្យ

Noun

punya

1. Latin script form of បុន្យ, alternative spelling of បុណ្យ (puṇya, “merit”)