Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/mádu

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *mádʰu, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu.

Noun

*mádu n

1. honey
2. wine

Derived terms

• *mādawyaH (possibly)
  • Pashto:

    Waziri: مېلوه (melawá), ملوه (malwá, “vine, grape”)

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Avestan: 𐬨𐬀𐬜𐬎 (maδu, “wine”)
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Proto-Scythian: *maδu
    • Khotanese: [script needed] (mau, “intoxicent drink”)
    • Proto-Sarmatian: *mauδ
      • Alanic: *mud
        • Ossetian: (“honey”)

          Digor Ossetian: муд (mud)

          Iron Ossetian: мыд (myd)

  • Sogdo-Bactrian:
    • Bactrian: μολο (molo /⁠mol, mul⁠/, “wine”)
    • Sogdian: (“wine”)

      Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫔𐫇 (mδw /⁠maδu⁠/)

      Sogdian script: 𐼺𐼹𐼴 (mδw /⁠maδu⁠/), 𐼺𐼴𐼹 (mwδ /⁠muδ⁠/), [script needed] (ΓʾMRH)

      Old Sogdian script: 𐼍𐼌𐼇 (mδw /⁠maδu⁠/)

      Syriac script: ܡܕܘ (mdw)

      • → Classical Persian: مل (mul, “wine”) (reborrowing)
      • ⇒ Sogdian:

        Sogdian script: 𐼺𐼹𐼰𐼸 (mδʾk /⁠maδē⁠/)

• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Kurdish:

    Northern Kurdish: mot, motî, motik (“grape syrup”)

  • Proto-Medo-Parthian:
    • Proto-Tatic:
      • Talysh: (/⁠mad⁠/, “wine”)

        Arabic script: مد

        Latin script: məd

      • Old Tati: *maδ, *mad (“syrup; wine”)
        • Harzani: مت (mat, “thick syrup; molasses”)
        • Karingani: مات (māt, “syrup”)
        • ⇒? Old Tati: *maδāw (“grape syrup-water”) (+ *āw (“water”))
          • → Azerbaijani: مذو (maδow, “grape syrup with water”) (Urmia dialect)
    • Parthian:

      Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫏 (my /⁠may⁠/)

      Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭇𐭌𐭓 (ḤMR /⁠maδ⁠/)

• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Old Persian: *madu
    • Middle Persian: (/⁠may⁠/)

      Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫏 (my)

      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (HS), [Book Pahlavi needed] (mdy)

      Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭧𐭮 (HS)

      • Classical Persian: می (may, “wine”)
        • Dari: می (may)
        • Iranian Persian: می (mey)
        • Tajik: май (may)
        • → Azerbaijani:

          Arabic script: مئی (mey)

          Latin script: mey

        • Kurdish:

          → Central Kurdish: مەی (mey)

          → Northern Kurdish: mey

        • → Pashto: می (may)
        • → Ottoman Turkish: می (may),
          • Turkish: mey
        • → Urdu: مے (mai)
        • → Uzbek: may