悲

悲 U+60B2, 悲 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-60B2 ← 悱 [U+60B1] CJK Unified Ideographs 悳 → [U+60B3]

Translingual

Han character

悲 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 中卜心 (LYP), four-corner 1133₁, composition ⿱非心)

Derived characters

• 𩙻, 𲋒, 𬲊

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 388, character 37
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10720
• Dae Jaweon: page 721, character 29
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2310, character 4
• Unihan data for U+60B2

Chinese

trad.		悲
simp. #		悲

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 悲
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (非) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
啡	*pʰɯːlʔ
排	*brɯːl
俳	*brɯːl
輫	*brɯːl, *buːl
悲	*prɯl
棑	*breː, *brɯːls
輩	*puːls
裴	*buːl, *bɯl
徘	*buːl
琲	*buːlʔ
痱	*buːlʔ, *pɯds, *bɯl, *bɯls
非	*pɯl
扉	*pɯl
緋	*pɯl
猆	*pɯl
斐	*pɯl, *pʰɯlʔ
馡	*pɯl
騑	*pɯl, *pʰɯl
誹	*pɯl, *pɯlʔ, *pɯls
餥	*pɯl, *pɯlʔ
匪	*pɯlʔ
棐	*pɯlʔ
蜚	*pɯlʔ, *bɯls
篚	*pɯlʔ
榧	*pɯlʔ
鯡	*pɯls
霏	*pʰɯl
菲	*pʰɯl, *pʰɯlʔ, *bɯls
婔	*pʰɯl
裶	*pʰɯl
悱	*pʰɯlʔ
奜	*pʰɯlʔ
腓	*bɯl, *bɯls
陫	*bɯlʔ
屝	*bɯls
厞	*bɯls
翡	*bɯls

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *prɯl): phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl) + semantic 心 (“heart; thought; emotion”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): bēi (bei¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄟ

  (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): běi

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): bei¹

  (Dongguan, Jyutping++): bai¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): bi¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): pî

  (Hailu, HRS): bui^ˋ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): bi¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): bei¹
• Northern Min (KCR): bó
• Eastern Min (BUC): pĭ
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bi¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): pi

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bui¹

  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): bui¹

• Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): bai¹
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹pe / ¹pie / ¹pai / ¹pei
  • (Jinhua): ¹pei
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): bei¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bēi
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄟ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bei
    • Wade–Giles: pei¹
    • Yale: bēi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bei
    • Palladius: бэй (bɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /peɪ̯⁵⁵/
  • (Xi'an)
    • Guanzhong Pinyin: běi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pei²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: bei¹
    • Yale: bēi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bei¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: béi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pei̯⁵⁵/
  • (Dongguan, Guancheng)
    • Jyutping++: bai¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɐi²¹³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: bi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pî
    • Hakka Romanization System: bi^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bi¹
    • Sinological IPA: /pi²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: bui^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /pui⁵³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: bi¹
    • Sinological IPA: /pi⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: bei¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /pei¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bó
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /po⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: pĭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: bi¹
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pi
    • Tâi-lô: pi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: py
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pi⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pi³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pi⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bui¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pui
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pui³³/
  • (Leizhou)
    • Leizhou Pinyin: bui¹
    • Sinological IPA: /pui³⁵/
• Southern Pinghua
  • (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
    • Jyutping++: bai¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pəi⁵³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Songjiang, Suzhou, Kunshan, Jiaxing, Shaoxing)
    • Wugniu: ¹pe
    • MiniDict: pe^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹pe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pe⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /ɓe⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /pe⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kunshan): /pei⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /pe⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /pe⁵²/
  • (Northern: Jiading)
    • Wugniu: ¹pie
    • MiniDict: pie^平
    • Sinological IPA (Jiading): /pɪ⁵³/
  • (Northern: Changzhou)
    • Wugniu: ¹pai
    • MiniDict: pai^平
    • Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /pai⁵⁵/
  • (Northern: Hangzhou, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
    • Wugniu: ¹pei
    • MiniDict: pei^平
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /pei³³⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /pɐɪ⁵²/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /pai⁵³/
  • (Jinhua)
    • Wugniu: ¹pei
    • Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /pei³³⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: bei¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pe̞i̯³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: pij

Rime
Character	悲
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	府眉切
Baxter	pij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠiɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚi/
Shao Rongfen	/piɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pji/
Li Rong	/pji/
Wang Li	/pi/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bei1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*prəj/

  (Zhengzhang): /*prɯl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	悲
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bēi
Middle Chinese	‹ pij ›
Old Chinese	/*prəj/
English	sad
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	悲
Reading #	1/1
No.	3067
Phonetic component	非
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	悲
Old Chinese	/*prɯl/

Definitions

悲

1. sad; sorrowful
2. to pity

Compounds

• 傷悲 / 伤悲 (shāngbēi)
• 兔死狐悲 (tùsǐhúbēi)
• 可悲 (kěbēi)
• 含悲 (hánbēi)
• 含悲忍淚 / 含悲忍泪
• 大悲 (dàbēi)
• 大悲咒 (Dàbēizhòu)
• 大悲心
• 大悲懺 / 大悲忏
• 大悲水
• 大慈大悲 (dàcídàbēi)
• 大放悲聲 / 大放悲声
• 大發慈悲 / 大发慈悲 (dàfācíbēi)
• 性格悲劇 / 性格悲剧
• 悲不可抑
• 悲不自勝 / 悲不自胜
• 悲傷 / 悲伤 (bēishāng)
• 悲傷感 / 悲伤感
• 悲切 (bēiqiè)
• 悲劇 / 悲剧 (bēijù)
• 悲劇反諷 / 悲剧反讽
• 悲吒
• 悲咽 (bēiyè)
• 悲哀 (bēi'āi)
• 悲喜 (bēixǐ)
• 悲啼 (bēití)
• 悲喜交切
• 悲喜交加
• 悲喜交并
• 悲喜交至
• 悲喜交集 (bēixǐ-jiāojí)
• 悲喜兼集
• 悲喜劇 / 悲喜剧 (bēixǐjù)
• 悲嘆 / 悲叹 (bēitàn)
• 悲嚎
• 悲回風 / 悲回风
• 悲壯 / 悲壮 (bēizhuàng)
• 悲天憫人 / 悲天悯人 (bēitiānmǐnrén)
• 悲天院
• 悲寂
• 悲從中來 / 悲从中来 (bēicóngzhōnglái)
• 悲心
• 悲思
• 悲悼 (bēidào)
• 悲悽 / 悲凄 (bēiqī)
• 悲情 (bēiqíng)
• 悲悲切切
• 悲悲戚戚
• 悲愁 (bēichóu)
• 悲感
• 悲愴 / 悲怆 (bēichuàng)
• 悲慟 / 悲恸 (bēitòng)
• 悲慘 / 悲惨 (bēicǎn)
• 悲憂 / 悲忧
• 悲慘世界 / 悲惨世界
• 悲憤 / 悲愤 (bēifèn)
• 悲憐 / 悲怜
• 悲憫 / 悲悯 (bēimǐn)
• 悲憤填膺 / 悲愤填膺
• 悲憤詩 / 悲愤诗
• 悲懷 / 悲怀
• 悲戚 (bēiqī)
• 悲摧 (bēicuī)
• 悲智
• 悲楚 (bēichǔ)
• 悲歌 (bēigē)
• 悲歌慷慨
• 悲歎 / 悲叹 (bēitàn)
• 悲歡 / 悲欢 (bēihuān)
• 悲歡合散 / 悲欢合散
• 悲歡歲月 / 悲欢岁月 (bēihuānsuìyuè)
• 悲歡聚散 / 悲欢聚散
• 悲歡離合 / 悲欢离合 (bēihuānlíhé)
• 悲泣 (bēiqì)
• 悲泗淋漓
• 悲涼 / 悲凉 (bēiliáng)
• 悲犬咸陽
• 悲田
• 悲田院
• 悲痛 (bēitòng)
• 悲痛欲絕 / 悲痛欲绝 (bēitòngyùjué)
• 悲秋
• 悲秋傷春 / 悲秋伤春
• 悲笳
• 悲篥
• 悲聲 / 悲声 (bēishēng)
• 悲苦 (bēikǔ)
• 悲號 / 悲号 (bēiháo)
• 悲觀 / 悲观 (bēiguān)
• 悲觀主義 / 悲观主义 (bēiguānzhǔyì)
• 悲谷
• 悲辛 (bēixīn)
• 悲酸 (bēisuān)
• 悲願 / 悲愿 (bēiyuàn)
• 悲風 / 悲风
• 悲鳴 / 悲鸣 (bēimíng)
• 慈悲 (cíbēi)
• 慈悲殺人 / 慈悲杀人 (cíbēi shārén)
• 慈悲為懷 / 慈悲为怀
• 慈悲為本 / 慈悲为本
• 慷慨悲歌
• 打悲
• 打悲阿
• 樂極則悲 / 乐极则悲
• 樂極悲來 / 乐极悲来
• 樂極悲生 / 乐极悲生
• 樂極生悲 / 乐极生悲 (lèjíshēngbēi)
• 狐兔之悲
• 狐死兔悲
• 發悲 / 发悲 (fābēi)
• 睹物興悲 / 睹物兴悲
• 翟子悲
• 興盡悲來 / 兴尽悲来
• 茹泣吞悲
• 轉悲為喜 / 转悲为喜
• 遙悲 / 遥悲
• 銜悲茹恨 / 衔悲茹恨
• 離合悲歡 / 离合悲欢
• 霸王悲歌
• 風木含悲 / 风木含悲
• 風樹之悲 / 风树之悲
• 鼓琴悲

References

• “悲”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “悲”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 36.

Japanese

Kanji

悲

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

1. sad

   Antonym: 楽

2. pity; compassion

Readings

• Go-on: ひ (hi, Jōyō)^{←ひ (fi, historical)}
• Kan-on: ひ (hi, Jōyō)^{←ひ (fi, historical)}
• Kun: かなしい (kanashii, 悲しい, Jōyō)、かなしむ (kanashimu, 悲しむ, Jōyō)、あわれみ (awaremi, 悲れみ)^{←あはれみ (afaremi, 悲れみ, historical)}、かなしみ (kanashimi, 悲しみ)、なげく (nageku, 悲く)

Compounds

• 悲(かなしい)夫(かな) (kanashii kana)
• 悲(ひ)哀(あい) (hiai)
• 悲(ひ)恚(い) (hī)
• 悲(ひ)鬱(うつ) (hiutsu)
• 悲(ひ)運(うん) (hiun)
• 悲(ひ)咽(えつ) (hietsu)
• 悲(ひ)怨(えん) (hien)
• 悲(ひ)音(おん) (hion)
• 悲(ひ)笳(か) (hika)
• 悲(ひ)歌(か) (hika)
• 悲(ひ)懐(かい) (hikai)
• 悲(ひ)慨(がい) (higai)
• 悲(ひ)角(かく) (hikaku)
• 悲(ひ)感(かん) (hikan)
• 悲(ひ)憾(かん) (hikan)
• 悲(ひ)歓(かん) (hikan)
• 悲(ひ)願(がん) (higan)
• 悲(ひ)喜(き) (hiki, “joys and sorrows”)
• 悲(ひ)愧(き) (hiki)
• 悲(ひ)泣(きゅう) (hikyū)
• 悲(ひ)疚(きゅう) (hikyū)
• 悲(ひ)境(きょう) (hikyō)
• 悲(ひ)響(きょう) (hikyō)
• 悲(ひ)曲(きょく) (hikyoku)
• 悲(ひ)欣(きん) (hikin)
• 悲(ひ)吟(ぎん) (higin)
• 悲(ひ)苦(く) (hiku)
• 悲(ひ)劇(げき) (higeki, “tragedy”)
• 悲(ひ)絃(げん) (higen)
• 悲(ひ)哭(こく) (hikoku)
• 悲(ひ)恨(こん) (hikon)
• 悲(ひ)懇(こん) (hikon)
• 悲(ひ)嗟(さ) (hisa)
• 悲(ひ)酸(さん) (hisan)
• 悲(ひ)惨(さん) (hisan)
• 悲(ひ)慙(ざん) (hizan)
• 悲(ひ)思(し) (hishi)
• 悲(ひ)詩(し) (hishi)
• 悲(ひ)羞(しゅう) (hishū)
• 悲(ひ)秋(しゅう) (hishū)
• 悲(ひ)商(しょう) (hishō)
• 悲(ひ)嘯(しょう) (hishō)
• 悲(ひ)傷(しょう) (hishō)
• 悲(ひ)色(しょく) (hishoku)
• 悲(ひ)辛(しん) (hishin)
• 悲(ひ)声(せい) (hisei)
• 悲(ひ)悽(せい) (hisei)
• 悲(ひ)惜(せき) (hiseki)
• 悲(ひ)戚(せき) (hiseki)
• 悲(ひ)切(せつ) (hisetsu)
• 悲(ひ)楚(そ) (hiso)
• 悲(ひ)壮(そう) (hisō)
• 悲(ひ)愴(そう) (hisō)
• 悲(ひ)惻(そく) (hisoku)
• 悲(ひ)咜(た) (hita)
• 悲(ひ)歎(たん) (hitan)
• 悲(ひ)怛(たん) (hitan)
• 悲(ひ)悵(ちょう) (hichō)
• 悲(ひ)腸(ちょう) (hichō)
• 悲(ひ)調(ちょう) (hichō)
• 悲(ひ)痛(つう) (hitsū)
• 悲(ひ)啼(てい) (hitei)
• 悲(ひ)田(でん) (hiden)
• 悲(ひ)怒(ど) (hido)
• 悲(ひ)悼(とう) (hitō)
• 悲(ひ)慟(どう) (hidō)
• 悲(ひ)動(どう) (hidō)
• 悲(ひ)念(ねん) (hinen)
• 悲(ひ)悩(のう) (hinō)
• 悲(ひ)訃(ふ) (hifu)
• 悲(ひ)風(ふう) (hifū)
• 悲(ひ)憤(ふん) (hifun)
• 悲(ひ)母(ぼ) (hibo)
• 悲(ひ)慕(ぼ) (hibo)
• 悲(ひ)報(ほう) (hihō)
• 悲(ひ)懣(まん) (himan)
• 悲(ひ)鳴(めい) (himei, “scream”)
• 悲(ひ)母(も) (himo)
• 悲(ひ)栗(りつ) (hiritsu)
• 悲(ひ)涼(りょう) (hiryō)
• 悲(ひ)寥(りょう) (hiryō)
• 悲(ひ)涙(るい) (hirui)
• 悲(ひ)恋(れん) (hiren)
• 悲(ひ)憐(れん) (hiren)
• 悲(ひ)話(わ) (hiwa)
• 悲(ひ)惋(わん) (hiwan)
• 自悲
• 慈(じ)悲(ひ) (jihi)
• 酒(しゅ)悲(ひ) (shuhi)
• 春悲
• 所悲
• 傷(しょう)悲(ひ) (shōhi)
• 清悲
• 積悲
• 楚悲
• 長悲
• 風悲
• 幽悲

References

• 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “悲”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎^[2] (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

悲 (eumhun 슬플 비 (seulpeul bi))

1. hanja form^? of 비 (“sad”)

Compounds

• 비극 (悲劇, bigeuk, “tragedy”)
• 비명 (悲鳴, bimyeong, “scream”)

Vietnamese

Han character

悲: Hán Nôm readings: bi, bây, bầy, bay

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• 悲𣇞 (bây giờ)