sist

See also: síst

English

Etymology

Latin sistō (“I bring to a stand, stop”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɪst/
• Rhymes: -ɪst
• Homophones: cist, cyst

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Verb

sist (third-person singular simple present sists, present participle sisting, simple past and past participle sisted)

1. (law, Scotland) To stay (e.g. judicial proceedings); to delay or suspend; to stop
2. (law, Scotland) to cause to take a place, as at the bar of a court; hence, to cite; to summon; to bring into court
   • 1852, William Hamilton, Discussions on Philosophy and Literature, Education and University Reform:

     Some, however, have preposterously sisted nature as the first or generative principle.

Noun

sist (plural sists)

1. (law, Scotland) a stay or suspension of proceedings
   • 1693, James Dalrymple Stair, The institutions of the law of Scotland, page 755:

     Fourteen Days are only allowed for Sists of Execution, from the Date the Bill was signed, for the Clerks inquiring in the Condition of the Cautioner […]

Anagrams

• Sits, ists, SITs, S.T.I.s, TSIs, sits, STIs

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪst

Verb

sist

1. inflection of sissen:
   1. second/third-person singular present indicative
   2. (archaic) plural imperative

Latvian

Etymology

The origin of this word is not entirely clear. It has been compared with Ancient Greek κεντέω (kentéō, “to prick, to pierce”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱent- (“to pierce”): its zero grade *ḱn̥t would have yielded Proto-Baltic *šint-, whence Latvian sīt-, probably the stem of archaic term sīts (“hunting spear”). This hypothesis, however, does not explain the short i in the present stem sit- (with the s in the infinitive from *sit-ti > sist). A possibly better hypothesis is to derive sist from Proto-Indo-European *sey- (“to stretch one's arm; tension, strength”): its zero grade *si- would have yielded Proto-Baltic *sit- with an extra t, whence sit-ti > sist. The meaning would have changed from “to flex one's muscles” to “to use one's muscles (to hit),” whence “to hit.”

Verb

sist (transitive or intransitive, 1st conjugation, present situ, sit, sit, past situ)

1. (intransitive, often with a dative complement) to hit, to strike, to beat (move a body part or an object in order to touch so as to inflict pain, injury or death; to hit in order to change or direct an object)

   sist uzbrucējam ― to hit the attacker

   sist bērnam pa pirkstiem ― to hit a child on the fingers

   sist zirgam ar pātagu ― to hit a horse with a whip

   Uldis sita... sitiens bija ass, spēcīgs un precīzs: trāpīja taisni sejā ― Uldis hit... the hit was sharp, strong and precise: straight in the face

   jūs man nekādā ziņā nesistu, ja riskētu vienas pļaukas vietā pretī saņemt divas ― you would never hit me, if you risked to get two slaps for every one you give

2. (transitive) to hit, to strike, to beat (something)

   sist mušas ― to hit (and kill) flies

   sist ar pātagu zāli ― to hit the grass with a whip

   sist nost, zemē ― to kill (lit. to strike down, to the ground)

   te ļaudis sita, līdz asinīm ― here they beat people, till they bleed

   meitene kliedza, vaimanāja, skrēja cūkai priekšā, sita to ar stibu ― the girl screamed, howled, ran to the pig (and) hit it with a cane

3. (colloquial, in armed combat) to hit (to attack, defeat the enemy)

   mūsu karstākā vēlēšanās bija sist ienaidnieku tā, lai to pēc iespējas ātrāk padzītu no mūsu teritorijas ― our most ardent desire was to hit the enemy so as to drive him out of our territory as soon as possible

4. (transitive) to hit, beat (move a body part or an object in order to touch in order to change or direct an object in a desirable way, or to obtain a certain effect, to make noise, etc.)

   sist ar āmuru kaļamo dzelzi ― to hit malleable iron with a hammer

   sist bumbu ar kāju ― to hit the ball (with one's foot)

   sist dēlī naglas ― to hit (= drive) the nails in(to) the board

   sist kājas pret grīdu ― to hit (one's) feet against the floor

   pie kantora puiši sita volejbolu ― near the office the boys were hitting (= playing) volleyball

   zirgu pakavi sit ielas bruģu akmeņus caurām dienām ― the horse hooves hit the street pavement all day long

5. (transitive) to hit, to break (to cause something to split or shatter)

   sist traukus, stiklu ― to hit (= break) dishes, glass

   Zenta rosījās pie plīts un sita olas ― Zenta was busy at the stove and (she) hit (= broke) (some) eggs

6. (transitive, in table or card games) to hit, to get (to obtain a piece or card from one's opponent, according to the rules of the game)

   sist laidni ― to hit (= get) (the opponent's) bishop (in chess)

   sist kārava dūzi ― to hit (= get) (the opponent's) ace of diamonds

   sist trumpas ― to hit the trump

7. (transitive) to slam, to shut (or also to open) noisily, violently (e.g., a door, window, etc.)

   sist durvis ― to slam the door

   bet tu sitot staļļa durvis par daudz stipri... ka cienīgā nemaz nevarot dabūt aizmigt ― but you apparently slammed the stable door too strongly... so that the honorable (lady) could not get to sleep

   gājējs... ieiet pa mazajiem vārtiņiem, kurus vējš... sit no vienas puses uz otru ― the pedestrian entered by the little gate, which the wind slammed (shut) from one side to the other

   “telegrammas!”... brašs puisis, sārts un saskrējies, uz sliekšņa sita vaļā savu ādas somu ― “telegramme!”... a fine young man on the threshold, healthy, quick to the door, hit his leather bag open (= opened it strongly and decisively)

   tikko koridorā atskanēja zvans, visi skolēni sita ciet grāmatas un cēlās augšā ― as soon as the bell rang in the corridor, all students slammed their books shut and stood up

8. to hit, to beat (to make noise by rapidly touching something; to play a percussion instrument)

   sist plaukstas ― to clap (lit. hit) (one's) hands, to applaud

   sist papēžus ― to snap, to click (lit. to hit) (one's) heels

   sist spārnus ― to flap (lit. to hit) (one's) wings

   aizmirsusi, ka esmu naktskreklā, situ pie rūts un māju ar roku ― having forgotten that I had (only) a nightgown on, I hit the (window) pane and wave my hands

   no visa spēka situ pa dzelzīm apkaltajiem vārtiem ― with all (my) strength I hit on the corrugated iron gate

   viņš prot arī bungas sist ― he also knows how to beat (= play) the drums

   un tā es arī situ šķīvjus visos jaunatnes simfoniskā orķestra koncertos ― so I also beat (= play) the cymbals in the concerts of the symphonic orchestra (during) all my youth (= I spent my youth doing it)

9. (in the 3rd person; of clocks) to hit, to strike (to produce noise so as to indicate the time)

   pulkstenis sit nepareizi ― the clock is striking wrong

   viņš dzirdēja, kā pulkstenis gaitenī sita stundas ― he heard the clock in the corridor striking the hours

   saimnieces galā sienas pulkstenis sit septīto stundu ― in the hostess' gala the clock strikes seven

   vecais pulkstenis sit divpadsmit reizes ― the old clock strikes twelve times

10. (intransitive, in the 3rd person; of one's heart or pulse) to beat, to pulse strongly and rapidly

    sirds strauji sit ― the heart is beating fast

    Ivu pārņēma nepazīts gurdums, sirds dobji sita, un vajadzēja apsēsties uz akas grodiem ― an unfamiliar fatigue overcame Iva, (her) heart beat hollow, and (she) had to sit on the well curb

    Juhaness smagi elpoja... skaidri redzēju, kā viņa deniņos sita pulss ― Juhaness was breathing heavily... I saw clearly that (his) pulse was beating in his temples

    galva kļuva vēl smagāka, un kaut kas ļoti spēcīgi sita ausīs... likās - tās pārplīsīs ― (his) head became even heavier, and something was beating powerfully in his ears... it felt as if it was going to explode

11. (in the 3rd person) to hit, to strike, to throw, to shoot (to move fast and strongly against something; to cause motion in something)

    krusa sit sejā ― the hail hits (one's) face (lit. on one's face)

    sit sejā asi zari ― sharp branches hit (one's) face

    vējš sit sniegu sejā ― the wind hits (= throws) the snow on (one's) face

    vējš un lietus sit brezentu ap galvām, pleciem un mugurām ― the wind and the rain hit (= throw) the tarpaulin on the heads, shoulders and backs (of the travelers)

    ugunskurs sit augšup sārtas liesmas ― the fire hits (= throws) red flames up

    strūklaka sit šļakatas ― the fountain hits (= throws, causes) splashes

    upe sit viļņus ― the river is hitting (= making) waves

    ūdens sāka mutuļus sist ― the (river) water began to hit (= make) swirls

    mazgājamā mašīna sita putas pa gaisu, šļakstināja ūdeni uz grīdas ― the washing mashine hit (= threw, shot) foam in the air and splashed water on the floor

12. (intransitive, in the 3rd person) to hit, to strike (to have a sudden, powerful effect on the sensory organs)

    spilgtā prožektoru gaisma sita acīs ― the bright projector light hit the eyes (lit. in the eyes)

    smags gaiss rūgteni sit nāsīs ― the heavy air hits bitterly in (people's) noses

13. (transitive) to move (a body part) suddenly

    zirgs sitis galvu sāns, izvairoties no suņa uzbrukuma ― the horse hit (= quickly moved) the side of (his) head, avoiding the attack of the dog

14. (colloquial) to hit (to type, to write down with a typewriter or similar device)

    neskaitāmas reizes mašīnrakstīšanas kursos bija jāsit vieni un tie paši vārdi ― in the typewriting course (one) had to hit (= type) the very same words countless times

    kāpēc jūs nesitāt telegrammu, mēs būtu aizbraukuši pretim ― why didn't you hit (= send) a telegram, we would have departed (immediately) (if you had)

15. (colloquial) to hit, to churn, to stir into a foam or paste

    sist uzputeni ― to hit (= stir, churn) mousse

    pie virtuves loga Paps pamanīja saimnieci, kas sita olu kulteni ― at the window, Paps was watching the farmer's wife, who was hitting (= stirring, scrambling) eggs

Conjugation

conjugation of sist

	INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme)				IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme)
		Present (tagadne)	Past (pagātne)	Future (nākotne)
1st pers. sg.	es	situ	situ	sitīšu	—
2nd pers. sg.	tu	sit	siti	sitīsi	sit
3rd pers. sg.	viņš, viņa	sit	sita	sitīs	lai sit
1st pers. pl.	mēs	sitam	sitām	sitīsim	sitīsim
2nd pers. pl.	jūs	sitat	sitāt	sitīsiet, sitīsit	sitiet
3rd pers. pl.	viņi, viņas	sit	sita	sitīs	lai sit
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme)			PARTICIPLES (divdabji)
Present	sitot		Present Active 1 (Adj.)		sitošs
Past	esot sitis		Present Active 2 (Adv.)		sizdams
Future	sitīšot		Present Active 3 (Adv.)		sitot
Imperative	lai sitot		Present Active 4 (Obj.)		sitam
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme)			Past Active		sitis
Present	sistu		Present Passive		sitams
Past	būtu sitis		Past Passive		sists
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme)			NOMINAL FORMS
Indicative	(būt) jāsit		Infinitive (nenoteiksme)		sist
Conjunctive 1	esot jāsit		Negative Infinitive		nesist
Conjunctive 2	jāsitot		Verbal noun		sišana

Derived terms

prefixed verbs:

• aizsist
• apsist
• atsist
• iesist
• izsist
• nosist
• pasist
• piesist
• sasist
• uzsist

other derived terms:

• sisties
• sitējs, sitēja
• sitiens

See also

• belzt
• dunkāt

Maltese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɪst/

Verb

sist

1. first/second-person singular perfect of sies

Northern Kurdish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɪst/

Adjective

sist

1. weak

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Old Norse síðastr.

Adjective

sist (neuter singular sist, definite singular and plural siste)

1. last (final)

   sist, men ikke minst - last but not least

   aller siste ― very last

   de siste dagene ― the last few days

Derived terms

• i det siste
• i siste liten
• sistemann
• sistnevnt
• synge på siste verset

 

Etymology 2

From Old Norse sízt.

Adverb

sist

1. last, lastly

References

• “sist” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɪst/

Etymology 1

From Old Norse síðastr.

Adjective

sist (indefinite singular sist, definite singular and plural siste)

1. last

   Dette er siste gongen eg gjer dette, vonar eg.

   This is the last time that I am doing this, I hope.

Derived terms

• i det siste
• i siste liten
• sistemann

Etymology 2

From Old Norse sízt.

Adverb

sist

1. last

   Kven kom sist?

   Who came last?

References

• “sist” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old French

Verb

sist

1. past participle of seoir

Polabian

Polabian cardinal numbers

<  5	6	7  >
Cardinal : sist

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *šestь.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsist/

Numeral

sist

1. six (6)

Swedish

Alternative forms

• (obsolete typography) ſiſt

Etymology

From Old Norse sízt.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Adjective

sist (not comparable)

1. last (final)

See also

• sista

Adverb

sist (not comparable)

1. last, lastly

   Han var sist hem.

   He was the last one to come home.

Further reading

• sist in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker
• sist in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)