Ishqi-Mari

Ishqi-Mari
𒅖𒄄𒈠𒌷
Ishqi-Mari; 𒅖𒄄𒈠𒌷
	Statue of Ishqi-Mari, Aleppo National Museum. Here seen at an exhibition in the Institut du Monde Arabe, Paris in 2014.
King of Mari
Reign	c. 2350 - c. 2330 BC
Died	c. 2330 BC

Mari

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Location of Mari

Ishqi-Mari or Ishgi-Mari (𒅖𒄄𒈠𒌷 iš₁₁-gi₄-ma-rí; died c. 2330 BC),^[5] previously read Lamgi-Mari,^[6]^[1] was a King of the second Mariote kingdom. He is one of three Mari kings known from archaeology, Ikun-Shamash probably being the oldest one.^[7] The third king is Iku-Shamagan, also known from an inscribed statue.

In their inscriptions, these Mari kings used a dialect of the Akkadian language, whereas their Sumerian contemporaries to the south used the Sumerian language.^[7]

It is thought that Ishqi-Mari was the last king of Mari before the conquest and the destruction of Mari by the Akkadian Empire under Sargon c. 2330 BC.^[8]

Inscriptions

Ishqi-Mari is known from a statue with inscription.^[7] The statue is in the Aleppo National Museum.^[1]^[9]^[10] The inscription on the back of the statue reads:

𒅖𒄄𒈠𒌷 / 𒈗𒈠𒌷 / 𒑐𒋼𒋛𒃲 / 𒀭𒂗𒆤 / 𒊨𒋤 / 𒀀𒈾 / 𒀭𒈹𒀴 / 𒊕𒄸𒁺

ish11-gi4-ma-ri2 / lugal ma-ri2 / ensi2 gal / ^Den-lil2 / dul3-su3 / a-na / ^Dinanna-nita / sa12-rig9

"Ishqi-Mari, king of Mari, great ensi of Enlil, dedicated his statue to Inanna"
— Statue inscription of Ishqi-Mari.^[11]^[1]^[12]

This inscription was instrumental in identifying Tell Hariri with the Mari of antiquity.^[13]

Several cylinder seals with intricate designs in the name of "Ishqi-Mari, King of Mari" are also known.^[14]

Discovery (23 January 1934)

Excavation of the statue of Ishqi-Mari on 23 January 1934

The statue of Ishqi-Mari was discovered buried in the archaeological remains of the ancient city of Mari, in the Temple of Ishtar, by a French archaeological team led by André Parrot on 23 January 1934.^[15]^[16]

The statue shows Ishqi-Mari with a long beard and parted and plaited hair. He wears a hairbun similar to the Sumerian royal hairbuns, such as on the headdress of Meskalamdug or reliefs on Eannatum.^[1]^[17] He wears a fringed coat leaving one shoulder bare, a type of clothing also seen on contemporary Akkadian Empire depictions of rulers.^[15]

Ishqi-Mari statue (front)
Ishqi-Mari statue (side)
Ishqi-Mari statue (back)

In Aleppo museum

Ishqi-Mari in profile. He wears a hairbun similar the Sumerian royal hairbuns, such as on the headdress of Meskalamdug or reliefs on Eannatum. The inscription is visible on the back of the right shoulder.^[1]
Statues from Mari. The statue of Ishqi-Mari appears partially on the left: it is much smaller than many of the traditional Mari statues.^[1] Aleppo National Museum.
Ishqi-Mari (forefront, in profile), before larger figures^[1]

Regnal titles
King Ishqi-Mari of Mari
Preceded by Possibly Hidar	King of Mari c. 2350 - c. 2330 BC	Succeeded by Position possibly abolished

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2003. p. 148. ISBN 978-1-58839-043-1.
^ "Voués à Ishtar". Institut du monde arabe (in French). 19 July 2016.
^ Complete views of the statue upon discovery: Parrot, André (1935). Les fouilles de Mari (Première campagne). p. Plate VII.
^ "Voués à Ishtar. Syrie, janvier 1934: André Parrot découvre Mari (2014 exhibit)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-01-08. Retrieved 2020-05-08.
^ Beyer, Dominique (18 December 2018). "Les sceaux de Mari au IIIe millénaire : Observations sur la documentation ancienne et les données nouvelles des villes I et II". Akh Purattim 1 (in French). MOM Éditions. pp. 231–260.
^ 𒇴𒄄𒈠𒌷
^ ^a ^b ^c Spycket, Agnès (1981). Handbuch der Orientalistik (in French). BRILL. p. 86. ISBN 978-90-04-06248-1.
^ Eppihimer, Melissa (2019). Exemplars of Kingship: Art, Tradition, and the Legacy of the Akkadians. Oxford University Press. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-19-090302-2.
^ Spycket, Agnès (1981). Handbuch der Orientalistik (in French). BRILL. p. 88. ISBN 978-90-04-06248-1.
^ Alfred Haldar (1971). Who Were the Amorites. p. 16.
^ "CDLI-Archival View". cdli.ucla.edu.
^ For a clear picture of the inscription: "Images of Ishqi-Mari".
^ Leick, Gwendolyn (2002). Who's Who in the Ancient Near East. Routledge. p. 168. ISBN 978-1-134-78796-8.
^ Seal impression 1, Seal impression 2 in Beyer, Dominique (18 December 2018). "Les sceaux de Mari au IIIe millénaire : Observations sur la documentation ancienne et les données nouvelles des villes I et II". Akh Purattim 1 (in French). MOM Éditions. pp. 231–260.
^ ^a ^b Leick, Gwendolyn (2002). Who's Who in the Ancient Near East. Routledge. p. 81. ISBN 978-1-134-78796-8.
^ Parrot, André (1935). "Les fouilles de Mari. Première campagne (hiver 1933-34). Rapport préliminaire". Syria. 16 (1): 1–28. doi:10.3406/syria.1935.8338. ISSN 0039-7946. JSTOR 4389879.
^ McKeon, John F. X. (1970). "An Akkadian Victory Stele". Boston Museum Bulletin. 68 (354): 237. ISSN 0006-7997. JSTOR 4171539.

[AFC-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2003. p. 148. ISBN 978-1-58839-043-1.

[2] "Voués à Ishtar". Institut du monde arabe (in French). 19 July 2016.

[3] Complete views of the statue upon discovery: Parrot, André (1935). Les fouilles de Mari (Première campagne). p. Plate VII.

[4] "Voués à Ishtar. Syrie, janvier 1934: André Parrot découvre Mari (2014 exhibit)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-01-08. Retrieved 2020-05-08.

[5] Beyer, Dominique (18 December 2018). "Les sceaux de Mari au IIIe millénaire : Observations sur la documentation ancienne et les données nouvelles des villes I et II". Akh Purattim 1 (in French). MOM Éditions. pp. 231–260.

[6] 𒇴𒄄𒈠𒌷

[AS-7] Spycket, Agnès (1981). Handbuch der Orientalistik (in French). BRILL. p. 86. ISBN 978-90-04-06248-1.

[8] Eppihimer, Melissa (2019). Exemplars of Kingship: Art, Tradition, and the Legacy of the Akkadians. Oxford University Press. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-19-090302-2.

[9] Spycket, Agnès (1981). Handbuch der Orientalistik (in French). BRILL. p. 88. ISBN 978-90-04-06248-1.

[Hamblin-10] Alfred Haldar (1971). Who Were the Amorites. p. 16.

[11] "CDLI-Archival View". cdli.ucla.edu.

[12] For a clear picture of the inscription: "Images of Ishqi-Mari".

[13] Leick, Gwendolyn (2002). Who's Who in the Ancient Near East. Routledge. p. 168. ISBN 978-1-134-78796-8.

[14] Seal impression 1, Seal impression 2 in Beyer, Dominique (18 December 2018). "Les sceaux de Mari au IIIe millénaire : Observations sur la documentation ancienne et les données nouvelles des villes I et II". Akh Purattim 1 (in French). MOM Éditions. pp. 231–260.

[WW-15] Leick, Gwendolyn (2002). Who's Who in the Ancient Near East. Routledge. p. 81. ISBN 978-1-134-78796-8.

[16] Parrot, André (1935). "Les fouilles de Mari. Première campagne (hiver 1933-34). Rapport préliminaire". Syria. 16 (1): 1–28. doi:10.3406/syria.1935.8338. ISSN 0039-7946. JSTOR 4389879.

[17] McKeon, John F. X. (1970). "An Akkadian Victory Stele". Boston Museum Bulletin. 68 (354): 237. ISSN 0006-7997. JSTOR 4171539.

[18] Rulers with names in italics are considered fictional.

[19] Hallo, William W.; Simpson, William Kelly (1971). The Ancient Near East: A History. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. pp. 48–49. ISBN 978-0-15-502755-8.

[20] "Rulers of Mesopotamia". CDLI:wiki. Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative.

[21] Thomas, Ariane; Potts, Timothy, eds. (2020). Mesopotamia: Civilization Begins. Los Angeles: The J. Paul Getty Museum. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-60606-649-2.

[22] Roux, Georges (1992). Ancient Iraq. London: Penguin Books Limited. pp. 532–534 (Chronological Tables). ISBN 978-0-14-193825-7.

[SKL-23] Per the Sumerian King List.

[24] Unger, Merrill F. (2014). Israel and the Aramaeans of Damascus: A Study in Archaeological Illumination of Bible History. Eugene, Oregon: Wipf and Stock. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-62564-606-4.

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v t e Kings of Mari
The first kingdom, 2900 - 2500 BC	No rulers known to archaeology
The second kingdom, 2500 - 2300 BC	Ikun-Shamash Iku-Shamagan Ansud Saʿumu Ishtup-Ishar Ikun-Mari Iblul-Il Nizi Enna-Dagan Hidar Ishqi-Mari
The third kingdom, 2266 - 1761 BC	Ididish Shu-Dagan Ishma-Dagan Nûr-Mêr Ishtup-Ilum Ishgum-Addu Apil-kin Iddi-ilum Ili-Ishar Tura-Dagan Puzur-Ishtar Hitlal-Erra Hanun-Dagan Isi-Dagan Ennin-Dagan Yaggid-Lim Yahdun-Lim Yasmah-Adad Zimri-Lim
Kings · Shakkanakkus \| Category:Kings of Mari

Inscriptions

Discovery (23 January 1934)

In Aleppo museum

References

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