Draft:List of wars involving Southern India

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This is a list of wars involving states based in Southern India and controlling extensive parts of Southern and Greater Southern India.

Chola Empire (848-1279 CE)

Chola Empire ruled large chunks of Southern India and had huge influence over Southeast Asian states.


Conflict	Chola and Allies	Opponent(s)	Outcome
Chalukya–Chola wars (992-1120 CE)	Chola	Western Chalukyas	Victory
Chola Conquest of Srilanka (Anuradhapura) (992-1070)	Chola	Anuradhapura	Victory
Chola Campaign of Southeast Asia (1025–1068 CE) Chola invasion of Srivijaya (Indonesia) Chola invasion of Kedah (Malaysia)	Chola	Srivijaya Kingdom of Kadaram Pennai Malayiur Mayirudingam Mappapalam Talaittakkolam Nakkavadam Kingdom of Pegu (Burma) Langkasuka	Victory

Vijayanagara Empire (1336–1646)


Conflict	Vijayanagara and Allies	Opponent(s)	Outcome
First Bahmani–Vijayanagar War (1362–1367 CE)	Vijayanagara	Bahmani Sultanate	Defeat
Second Bahmani–Vijayanagar War (1375–1378 CE)	Vijayanagara	Bahmani Sultanate	Inconclusive
Third Bahmani-Vijaynagar War (1398 CE)	Vijayanagara	Bahmani Sultanate	Defeat
Fourth Bahmani-Vijaynagar War (1406 CE)	Vijayanagara	Bahmani Sultanate	Defeat
Fifth Bahmani-Vijaynagar War (1417-1419 CE)	Vijayanagara	Bahmani Sultanate	Victory^[1] The Vijayanagara Empire annexed territory stretching from the Krishna River to the Tungabhadra River doab, which included the capture of the Pangal fort.^[2]
Sixth Bahmani-Vijaynagar War (1423 CE)	Vijayanagara	Bahmani Sultanate	Defeat
Seventh Bahmani–Vijayanagar War (1443 CE)	Vijayanagara	Bahmani Sultanate	Defeat
Eight Bahmani-Vijaynagar War (1509-1512)	Vijayanagara	Bahmani Sultanate	Victory Krishna-Tungabhadra Region, Raichur, Gulbarga and Bidar annexed by the Vijayanagara Empire.
Vijaynagar-Portugese-Bijapur War (1520s) Battle of Raichur	Vijayanagara Portugal Portuguese India	Bijapur Sultanate	Victory
First Vijaynagara-Deccani War (1565s) Battle of Talikota	Vijayanagara	Deccan Sultanates Ahmadnagar Sultanate of Bijapur Sultanate of Golconda Sultanate of Golconda	Defeat
Vijaynagara Civil War (1616-1617) Battle of Toppur
Second Vijaynagara-Deccani War (1647s) Battle of Vellore	Vijayanagara	Deccan Sultanates Sultanate of Golconda Bijapur Sultanate	Defeat

Sikh Empire (1799–1849)

List of wars involving the Sikh Empire
Conflict	Punjab and Allies	Opponent(s)	Outcome
Third Afghan Campaign of Punjab (1800)	Sikh Empire	Durrani Empire	Victory^[3]
Sikh annexation of Sial (1807)	Sikh Empire	Sial State	Victory^[4]
Nepal-Sikh War (March 1809 – August 1809)	Sikh Empire	Nepal	Victory^[5] Nepalese retreat to the Arki Fort.
Ranjit Singh's campaign of Afghanistan (1818-1837) Siege of Multan (1818) Battle of Shopian (1819) Battle of Nowshera (1823) Battle of Jamrud (1837)	Sikh Empire	Durrani Empire (till 1819) Afghanistan (from 1837)	Victory^[6]
Sino–Sikh War (May 1841 – August 1842)	Sikh Empire Dogra Kashmir	Qing China Qing Tibet	Status quo ante bellum Treaty of Chushul.
First Anglo-Sikh War (11 December 1845 – 9 March 1846)	Sikh Empire	United Kingdom East India Company	Defeat^[7] Jalandhar Doab and Lahore's Cis Sutlej territories annexed by the East India Company and Jammu and Kashmir sold to Gulab Singh.
Second Anglo-Sikh War (18 April 1848 – 29 March 1849)	Sikh Empire	United Kingdom East India Company	Defeat Lord Dalhousie proclaimed Britain's annexation of the Punjab on April 2nd, 1849.

India as a political entity refers to historical political entities in India which covered large areas of the Indian Subcontinent and also called themselves India in any form or language.

There has been a general understanding in modern time that India as a soverign nation did not exist before 1947, but there have been several Pan-Indian soverign entities which called themselves India in different languages.

Mauryan Empire (Jambudvipa)

Peak extent of the Mauryan Empire in 250 BCE.

Jambudvipa is a Sanskrit term used to describe territories of the Indian Subcontinent and South Asia, it has been used in Hindu Literature such as Puranas^[8].

Ashoka, who was the third Mauryan Emperor used this term to denote his relam in 3rd century BCE.^[9]

Kingdom of Kannauj (Middle India) (Aryavarta)

Peak extent of the Kingdom of Kannauj in 850 CE.

The Kingdom of Kannauj ruled vast parts of the Northern Indian Subcontinent.

During diplomatic exchanges with the Tang dynasty of China, Emperor Harsha referred to his kingdom as "Middle India" or "Middle Country" (Madhyadesha).

The Gurjara-Prathira dynasty which ruled Kannauj after Harsha, conquered large parts of the Northern India Subcontient and called themselves as the "Lords of the Aryavarta", Aryavarta is a term used to represent Northern Indian Subcontient or Northern South Asia.

Delhi Sultanate (Hindustan) (Hind and Sind)

Peak extent of the Delhi Sultanate in 1330 CE.

Hindustan is derived from the Persian word Hindū cognate with the Sanskrit Sindhu, it was historically used to refer to Norther Indian Subcontinent but later expanded to the entire Indian subcontinent and South Asia.

The Delhi Sultanate was also known as the "Empire of Hindustan", a name that gained currency during the Medieval and Modern period.^[10]

The empire was also called "Hind and Sind" by Ibn Battuta.

The term Hindustan is still used as a historic name to describe the modern Republic of India.^[11]

Mughal Empire (Hindustan) (Al-Hind)

Peak extent of the Mughal Empire in 1707 CE.

(Hindustan is derived from the Persian word Hindū cognate with the Sanskrit Sindhu, it was historically used to refer to Norther Indian Subcontinent but later expanded to the entire Indian subcontinent and South Asia.)

The term Hindustan was also used by the Mughal Empire which directly succeeded the Delhi Sultanate.

The official name of the vast empire was "Dominion of Hindustan" (Wilāyat-i-Hindustān) as seen in various official documents of the Mughal Empire.

In addition there were several names used,

"Country of Hind" (Bilād-i-Hind)
"Sultanate of Al-Hind" (Salṭanat(i) al-Hindīyyah)
"Land of Hind" (Hindostān)

Like Hindustan, Hind and Al-Hind were also used to represent Northern Indian subcontinent and later expanded to the entire Indian Subcontinent and South Asia.

Contemporary Chinese chronicles also referred to the empire as Hindustan (Héndūsītǎn).

References

^ "Encyclopedia Britannica | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2024-10-02.
^ Campbell, Joseph (1955). "Bharatiya Vidya, a Quarterly Research Organ of the [Bharatiya Vidya] Bhavan [Of Bombay] on All Subjects Connected with Indian Culture. Vol. XV". Artibus Asiae. 18 (3/4): 336. doi:10.2307/3248675. ISSN 0004-3648. JSTOR 3248675.
^ Lee, Jonathan L. (2022-03-08). Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present. Reaktion Books. p. 162. ISBN 978-1-78914-019-4.
^ Yasmin, Robina (2022). Muslims Under Sikh Rule in the Nineteenth Century: Maharaja Ranjit Singh and Religious Tolerance. I.B. Tauris. pp. 45–46. ISBN 978-0-7556-4035-5.
^ Johar, Surinder Singh (1985). The Secular Maharaja: A Biography of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Manas. ISBN 978-0-8364-1543-8.
^ Marshman, John Clark (1867). History of India : from the earliest period to the close of Lord Dalhousie's administration. Oxford University. London : Longmans. p. 33.
^ "Treaty : Legal Documents". 2009-01-05. Archived from the original on 2009-01-05. Retrieved 2024-10-30.
^ "Paradise Found: Appendix: Section IV. The Earth and World of the Hindus". sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 2024-10-31.
^ Annual Report Of Mysore 1886 To 1903.
^ Jackson, Peter (2003-10-16). The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History. Cambridge University Press. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-521-54329-3.
^ "Shaikh Ayaz International Conference - 2007". 2007-10-20. Archived from the original on 2007-10-20. Retrieved 2024-10-31.

[1] "Encyclopedia Britannica | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2024-10-02.

[2] Campbell, Joseph (1955). "Bharatiya Vidya, a Quarterly Research Organ of the [Bharatiya Vidya] Bhavan [Of Bombay] on All Subjects Connected with Indian Culture. Vol. XV". Artibus Asiae. 18 (3/4): 336. doi:10.2307/3248675. ISSN 0004-3648. JSTOR 3248675.

[3] Lee, Jonathan L. (2022-03-08). Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present. Reaktion Books. p. 162. ISBN 978-1-78914-019-4.

[4] Yasmin, Robina (2022). Muslims Under Sikh Rule in the Nineteenth Century: Maharaja Ranjit Singh and Religious Tolerance. I.B. Tauris. pp. 45–46. ISBN 978-0-7556-4035-5.

[5] Johar, Surinder Singh (1985). The Secular Maharaja: A Biography of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Manas. ISBN 978-0-8364-1543-8.

[6] Marshman, John Clark (1867). History of India : from the earliest period to the close of Lord Dalhousie's administration. Oxford University. London : Longmans. p. 33.

[7] "Treaty : Legal Documents". 2009-01-05. Archived from the original on 2009-01-05. Retrieved 2024-10-30.

[8] "Paradise Found: Appendix: Section IV. The Earth and World of the Hindus". sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 2024-10-31.

[9] Annual Report Of Mysore 1886 To 1903.

[10] Jackson, Peter (2003-10-16). The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History. Cambridge University Press. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-521-54329-3.

[11] "Shaikh Ayaz International Conference - 2007". 2007-10-20. Archived from the original on 2007-10-20. Retrieved 2024-10-31.

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