Pachyarmatherium is a genus of extinct large armadillo-like cingulates found in North and South America from the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs, related to the extant armadillos and the extinct pampatheres and glyptodonts.[1] It was present from 4.9 Mya to 11,000 years ago, existing for approximately 4.889 million years.
| Pachyarmatherium | |
|---|---|
| |
| Mounted skeleton | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Cingulata |
| Family: | †Pachyarmatheriidae |
| Genus: | †Pachyarmatherium Downing & White, 1995 |
| Species | |
|
† P. leiseyi Downing & White, 1995 | |
Taxonomy
editPachyarmatherium was named by Downing and White (1995). Its type is P. leiseyi. It was assigned to Dasypodoidea by Downing and White (1995), and tentatively to Glyptodontidae by McKenna and Bell (1997).[2][3] A cladistic analysis performed by de O. Porpino et al. (2009) led to the conclusion that Pachyarmatherium is a sister group to a clade consisting of Glyptodontidae and Pampatheriidae.[1] Oliveira et al. (2013) suggest that Pachyarmatherium is a possible dasypodid.[4]
Fossil distribution of Pachyarmatherium
edit
P. leiseyi
edit- Kissimmee River site, Tamiami Formation, Okeechobee County, Florida ~4.9—1.8 Mya.
- Haile 16A Site, Alachua County, Florida ~1.8 Mya.—300,000 years ago.
- Payne Creek Mine, Polk County, Florida ~1.8 Mya—300,000 years ago.
- Leisey Shell Pit 1A, Bermont Formation, Hillsborough County, Florida ~1.8—300,000 years ago.
P. tenebris
edit- Zumbador Cave (= Cueva del Zumbador) - Capadare Formation, Falcón, Venezuela, Pleistocene[5][6]
- Cueva El Miedo (= Cave Fear), Capadare Formation, Lujanian, Falcón, Venezuela, ~800,000-11,000 BP[6]
P. brasiliense
editLajedo de Escada, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, Late Pleistocene, 100,000 years BP[7][8]
References
edit
- ^ a b de O. Porpino, K.; Fernicola, J. C.; Bergqvist, L. P. (September 2009). "A New Cingulate (Mammalia: Xenarthra), Pachyarmatherium brasiliense sp. nov., from the Late Pleistocene of Northeastern Brazil". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (3). Society of Vertebrate Paleontology: 881–893. Bibcode:2009JVPal..29..881P. doi:10.1671/039.029.0305. S2CID 86180990. Retrieved 2009-11-30.
- ^ K. F. Downing and R. S. White. 1995. The cingulates (Xenarthra) of the Leisey Shell Pit local fauna (Irvingtonian), Hillsborough County, Florida. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 37(12):375-396
- ^ M. C. McKenna and S. K. Bell. 1997. Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level 1-640
- ^ Oliveira, É. V.; de O. Porpino, K.; da Silva, F. M. (2013). "New material of Pachyarmatherium from the late Pleistocene of northeastern Brazil: insights into its morphology and systematics". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 87 (4): 505–513. Bibcode:2013PalZ...87..505O. doi:10.1007/s12542-013-0166-4. S2CID 86778509.
- ^ "Fossilworks: Pachyarmatherium tenebris". fossilworks.org. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
- ^ a b "Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database". fossilworks.org. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
- ^ "Fossilworks: Pachyarmatherium brasiliense". fossilworks.org. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
- ^ "Fossilworks: Lajedo de Escada (Pleistocene of Brazil)". fossilworks.org. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
Further reading
edit- Guimarães de Lima, Fábio Cunha; de Oliveira Porpino, Kleberson (2018), "Ectoparasitism and infections in the exoskeletons of large fossil cingulates", PLoS ONE, 13 (10): e0205656, Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1305656D, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0205656, PMC 6193641, PMID 30335796