Magadhi Prakrit (Māgadhī) is of one of the three Dramatic Prakrits, the written languages of Ancient India following the decline of Pali. It was a vernacular Middle Indo-Aryan language, replacing earlier Vedic Sanskrit.[2]
| Magadhi Prakrit | |
|---|---|
| Māgadhī | |
| Brahmi: 𑀫𑀸𑀕𑀥𑀻 | |
| Region | India |
| Extinct | developed into the Eastern Indo-Aryan languages[1] |
Indo-European
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | None |
History and overview
editMagadhi Prakrit was spoken in the eastern Indian subcontinent, in a region spanning what is now eastern India, Bangladesh and Nepal.[3][4] Associated with the ancient Magadha, it was spoken in present-day Assam, Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha and eastern Uttar Pradesh under various apabhramsha dialects,[5] and used in some dramas to represent vernacular dialogue in Prakrit dramas. It is believed to be the language spoken by the important religious figures Gautama Buddha and Mahavira[6] and was also the language of the courts of the Magadha mahajanapada and the Maurya Empire; some of the Edicts of Ashoka were composed in it.[4][7]
Magadhi Prakrit later evolved into the Eastern Indo-Aryan languages, categorised into four groups:[1][8]
References
edit- ^ a b Claus, Peter J.; Diamond, Sarah; Mills, Margaret Ann (2003). South Asian folklore: an encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India. Routledge. p. 203.
- ^ Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh, eds. (2003), "The historical context and development of Indo-Aryan", The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge language family series, London: Routledge, pp. 46–66, ISBN 0-7007-1130-9
- ^ Prasad, Balaram; Mukherjee, Sibasis. "Magadhi / Magahi" (PDF). lsi.gov.in. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
- ^ a b Chatterji, Suniti Kumar (1926). The Origin and Development of the Bengali Language. p. vi.
- ^ Grierson, Sir George Abraham (1903). The Languages of India: Being a Reprint of the Chapter on Languages. Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India. pp. 57–58.
- ^ Beames, John (2012) [1879]. Comparative Grammar of the Modern Aryan Languages of India: To Wit, Hindi, Panjabi, Sindhi, Gujarati, Marathi, Oriya, and Bangali. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9781139208871.003. ISBN 978-1-139-20887-1.
- ^ Bashan, A.L. (2004). The Wonder that was India. Picador. p. 394.
- ^ Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh K. (26 July 2007). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Routledge. p. 445. ISBN 978-1-135-79711-9.
External links
edit- Jain Agams (archived)
- Jainism in Buddhist Literature (archived)
- Toulmin, Mathew W S (2006). Reconstructing linguistic history in a dialect continuum: The Kamta, Rajbanshi, and Northern Deshi Bangla subgroup of Indo-Aryan (PhD). The Australian National University.