Fredonia is a city in and the county seat of Wilson County, Kansas, United States.[1] As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 2,151.[3] The city was founded in 1868, and saw considerable expansion in the early 20th century, with a fossil fuel boom.
Fredonia, Kansas | |
|---|---|
City and County seat | |
 Gold Dust Hotel (2016) | |
 Location within Wilson County and Kansas | |
 | |
| Coordinates: 37°32′2″N 95°49′36″W / 37.53389°N 95.82667°W[1] | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Kansas |
| County | Wilson |
| Founded | 1860s |
| Platted | 1868 |
| Incorporated | 1871 |
| Named for | Fredonia, New York |
| Area | |
| • Total | 2.45 sq mi (6.34 km2) |
| • Land | 2.44 sq mi (6.32 km2) |
| • Water | 0.01 sq mi (0.02 km2) |
| Elevation | 896 ft (273 m) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 2,151 |
| • Density | 880/sq mi (340/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP Code | 66736 |
| Area code | 620 |
| FIPS code | 20-24575[1] |
| GNIS ID | 475082[1] |
| Website | fredoniaks.org |
History
edit
Fredonia was laid out in 1868 near a large hillock located along the St. Louis & San Francisco Railway in southeast Kansas.[4] It was named after Fredonia, New York.[5][6][7] The first building on the town site was a general store, erected in 1868, on the southwest corner of the town square, soon followed by a simple courthouse and hotel.[8] The first post office was established in August 1868.[9] The Gold Dust Hotel was completed in 1885.
It became a booming town with an emphasis on large industry.[10] In May 1913, a large vein of semi-anthracite coal was discovered near the town.[11] The coal that was found was “said to be of better quality than any other found in Kansas” at that time.[11] With this discovery, it had the possibility of bringing in large amounts of money for the Wilson County area. A cement plant opened in Fredonia in 1907, supplying jobs to the community for more than 100 years, before it was closed in 2012.[12] The economy in Fredonia was again boosted by the Archer Daniels Midland Company. The plant was obtained in 1928 and operated as a soybean processing facility and supplied many jobs for the growing industrial town.[13] In March 2003 the plant announced it would close its Fredonia branch effective immediately.[13] At one time, Fredonia was a hub for oil and natural gas development.[10]
Geography
editAccording to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.45 square miles (6.35 km2), of which, 2.44 square miles (6.32 km2) is land and 0.01 square miles (0.03 km2) is water.[14]
Climate
editThe area climate is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Fredonia has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.[15] On July 18, 1936, Fredonia set the Kansas record high temperature of 121 °F. This record was later tied by Alton, Kansas.[16]
In late June and early July 2007, Fredonia was one of several communities in Southeast Kansas to experience record flooding.[17] On the night of June 29, at least 10 inches of rainfall was recorded and additional rainfall fell over the weekend of June 30 and July 1. On the night of June 30, a Topeka television station reported on its website that 100 people in Wilson County had lost their homes due to the flooding.[citation needed]
| Climate data for Fredonia, Kansas, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1902–present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 75 (24) |
88 (31) |
94 (34) |
98 (37) |
99 (37) |
110 (43) |
121 (49) |
116 (47) |
111 (44) |
100 (38) |
86 (30) |
79 (26) |
121 (49) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 66.9 (19.4) |
69.4 (20.8) |
79.3 (26.3) |
84.4 (29.1) |
88.9 (31.6) |
93.9 (34.4) |
99.9 (37.7) |
99.4 (37.4) |
95.7 (35.4) |
86.6 (30.3) |
76.9 (24.9) |
67.2 (19.6) |
101.6 (38.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 42.8 (6.0) |
48.5 (9.2) |
58.0 (14.4) |
67.8 (19.9) |
76.1 (24.5) |
85.0 (29.4) |
90.3 (32.4) |
89.6 (32.0) |
81.7 (27.6) |
70.1 (21.2) |
57.5 (14.2) |
45.6 (7.6) |
67.8 (19.9) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 32.3 (0.2) |
37.0 (2.8) |
46.3 (7.9) |
56.1 (13.4) |
66.0 (18.9) |
75.2 (24.0) |
79.9 (26.6) |
78.4 (25.8) |
70.2 (21.2) |
58.0 (14.4) |
46.1 (7.8) |
35.8 (2.1) |
56.8 (13.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 21.5 (−5.8) |
25.5 (−3.6) |
34.6 (1.4) |
44.3 (6.8) |
55.9 (13.3) |
65.3 (18.5) |
69.4 (20.8) |
67.2 (19.6) |
58.6 (14.8) |
45.9 (7.7) |
34.7 (1.5) |
25.6 (−3.6) |
45.7 (7.6) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 3.9 (−15.6) |
9.9 (−12.3) |
17.8 (−7.9) |
28.1 (−2.2) |
38.9 (3.8) |
52.5 (11.4) |
59.7 (15.4) |
55.9 (13.3) |
42.1 (5.6) |
28.2 (−2.1) |
18.8 (−7.3) |
7.5 (−13.6) |
−0.5 (−18.1) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −21 (−29) |
−15 (−26) |
−7 (−22) |
12 (−11) |
26 (−3) |
43 (6) |
47 (8) |
44 (7) |
25 (−4) |
14 (−10) |
3 (−16) |
−15 (−26) |
−21 (−29) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 1.19 (30) |
1.48 (38) |
2.76 (70) |
4.31 (109) |
5.80 (147) |
6.11 (155) |
4.08 (104) |
4.15 (105) |
4.20 (107) |
3.58 (91) |
2.31 (59) |
1.80 (46) |
41.77 (1,061) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 2.9 (7.4) |
0.8 (2.0) |
0.4 (1.0) |
0.1 (0.25) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
2.3 (5.8) |
6.5 (16.45) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 3.6 | 3.1 | 6.3 | 7.3 | 8.3 | 7.7 | 6.8 | 5.8 | 5.4 | 6.7 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 68.9 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 3.0 |
| Source 1: NOAA[18] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: National Weather Service[19] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
edit| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1880 | 923 | — | |
| 1890 | 1,515 | 64.1% | |
| 1900 | 1,650 | 8.9% | |
| 1910 | 3,040 | 84.2% | |
| 1920 | 3,954 | 30.1% | |
| 1930 | 3,446 | −12.8% | |
| 1940 | 3,524 | 2.3% | |
| 1950 | 3,257 | −7.6% | |
| 1960 | 3,233 | −0.7% | |
| 1970 | 3,080 | −4.7% | |
| 1980 | 3,047 | −1.1% | |
| 1990 | 2,599 | −14.7% | |
| 2000 | 2,600 | 0.0% | |
| 2010 | 2,482 | −4.5% | |
| 2020 | 2,151 | −13.3% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census | |||
2020 census
editThe 2020 United States census counted 2,151 people, 933 households, and 529 families in Fredonia.[20][21] The population density was 881.9 per square mile (340.5/km2). There were 1,168 housing units at an average density of 478.9 per square mile (184.9/km2).[21][22] The racial makeup was 90.24% (1,941) white or European American (88.98% non-Hispanic white), 0.05% (1) black or African-American, 0.93% (20) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.65% (14) Asian, 0.05% (1) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 1.07% (23) from other races, and 7.02% (151) from two or more races.[23] Hispanic or Latino of any race was 4.18% (90) of the population.[24]
Of the 933 households, 26.8% had children under the age of 18; 38.0% were married couples living together; 34.9% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 37.4% of households consisted of individuals and 20.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[21] The average household size was 2.2 and the average family size was 2.8.[25] The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 11.4% of the population.[26]
22.7% of the population was under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 23.1% from 25 to 44, 23.6% from 45 to 64, and 22.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.4 males.[21] For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 112.1 males.[21]
The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $48,320 (with a margin of error of +/- $7,276) and the median family income was $67,946 (+/- $10,230).[27] Males had a median income of $31,892 (+/- $7,668) versus $27,955 (+/- $6,673) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $31,037 (+/- $2,784).[28] Approximately, 13.3% of families and 18.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.4% of those under the age of 18 and 15.8% of those ages 65 or over.[29][30]
2010 census
editAs of the census[31] of 2010, there were 2,482 people, 1,048 households, and 630 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,017.2 inhabitants per square mile (392.7/km2). There were 1,255 housing units at an average density of 514.3 per square mile (198.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 95.4% White, 0.1% African American, 1.6% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.2% from other races, and 2.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.2% of the population.
There were 1,048 households, of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.9% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 39.9% were non-families. 35.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.97.
The median age in the city was 40.5 years. 24.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.8% were from 25 to 44; 23.5% were from 45 to 64; and 21.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.1% male and 51.9% female.
2000 census
editAs of the census[32] of 2000, there were 2,600 people, 1,135 households, and 703 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,083.4 inhabitants per square mile (418.3/km2). There were 1,297 housing units at an average density of 540.5 per square mile (208.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 96.27% White, 0.38% African American, 0.85% Native American, 0.54% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 0.58% from other races, and 1.31% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.50% of the population.
There were 1,135 households, out of which 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.0% were non-families. 35.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.88.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.1% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 20.1% from 45 to 64, and 23.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.9 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $25,539, and the median income for a family was $34,459. Males had a median income of $28,657 versus $19,231 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,593. About 8.6% of families and 12.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.7% of those under age 18 and 8.7% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
editTop employers
editList of top employers in Fredonia:[33]
| # | Employer | # of Employees |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | A-Lert | 475 |
| 2 | Fredonia USD 484 | 157 |
| 3 | Fredonia Regional Hospital | 109 |
| 4 | Wilson County | 100 |
| 5 | Kansas Bank Note | 65 |
| 6 | Systech | 45 |
| 7 | RK Steel | 44 |
| 8 | City Of Fredonia | 41 |
| 9 | LaDow & Spohn | 33 |
Government
editFredonia is classified as a second class city of Kansas, thus the city has a mayor-commission body with an elected mayor and two elected commissioners. The commissioners are not vested with any supervisory powers over specific departments. The city commission appoints a city administrator, who is responsible for the day-to-day administration of all city officers and employees.[34]
The mayor of Fredonia is Bob McKenney. Bill Jones and Brandon Tindle are the two elected commissioners. Kelley Zellner is the City Administrator of Fredonia.[35]
Education
editThe community is served by Fredonia USD 484 public school district. The mascot for each of the district's two schools is the yellowjacket.[36]
Notable people
edit- Marcus B. Bell, U.S. Army brigadier general[37][38][39]
- George Malone, (1890–1961), US Senator of Nevada, World War I veteran, civil engineer.
- Don Myers, member of the Kansas House of Representatives.
- Benjamin Paulen, (1869–1961), 23rd Governor of Kansas.
- Charles Stokes, (1902-1996), Member of the Washington House of Representatives
- Kendall Trainor, (born 1967), All-American placekicker for the University of Arkansas.
References
edit- ^ a b c d e "Fredonia, Kansas", Geographic Names Information System, United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior
- ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 24, 2020.
- ^ a b "Profile of Fredonia, Kansas in 2020". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on May 30, 2022. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
- ^ Blackmar, Frank Wilson (1912). Kansas: A Cyclopedia of State History, Embracing Events, Institutions, Industries, Counties, Cities, Towns, Prominent Persons, Etc. Standard Publishing Company. pp. 685.
- ^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. pp. 131.
- ^ Kansas State Historical Society (1916). Biennial Report of the Board of Directors of the Kansas State Historical Society. Kansas State Printing Plant. pp. 314.
- ^ Duncan, L. Wallace (1902). History of Neosho and Wilson Counties, Kansas. Monitor Printing Company. p. 882.
- ^ kancoll.com
- ^ "Kansas Post Offices, 1828-1961". Kansas Historical Society. Archived from the original on October 9, 2013. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
- ^ a b "27 Mar 1904, Page 12 - The Topeka Daily Capital at". Newspapers.com. March 27, 1904. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
- ^ a b "29 May 1913, Page 1 - The Chanute Daily Tribune at". Newspapers.com. May 29, 1913. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
- ^ Lafarge North America Inc. (October 14, 2011). "Lafarge Announces Plans to Close its Fredonia, KS Cement Plant". Lafarge North America Inc. Retrieved July 22, 2016.
- ^ a b "ADM to Close Fredonia, Kansas Soy Processing Facility".
- ^ "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 2, 2012. Retrieved July 6, 2012.
- ^ Climate Summary for Fredonia, Kansas
- ^ Enloe. "State Climate Extremes Committee (SCEC) | Extremes | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)". www.ncdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved April 11, 2017.
- ^ "June-July 2007 Historic southeast Kansas flooding".
- ^ "U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Fredonia, KS". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 12, 2023.
- ^ "NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Wichita". National Weather Service. Retrieved March 12, 2023.
- ^ "US Census Bureau, Table P16: HOUSEHOLD TYPE". data.census.gov. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ^ a b c d e "US Census Bureau, Table DP1: PROFILE OF GENERAL POPULATION AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS". data.census.gov. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ^ Bureau, US Census. "Gazetteer Files". Census.gov. Retrieved December 30, 2023.
{{cite web}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ^ "US Census Bureau, Table P1: RACE". data.census.gov. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ^ "US Census Bureau, Table P2: HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE". data.census.gov. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ^ "US Census Bureau, Table S1101: HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES". data.census.gov. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ^ "US Census Bureau, Table S1501: EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT". data.census.gov. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ^ "US Census Bureau, Table S1903: MEDIAN INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (IN 2020 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS)". data.census.gov. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ^ "US Census Bureau, Table S2001: EARNINGS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (IN 2020 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS)". data.census.gov. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ^ "US Census Bureau, Table S1701: POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS". data.census.gov. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ^ "US Census Bureau, Table S1702: POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS OF FAMILIES". data.census.gov. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 6, 2012.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ "Largest Employers; City of Fredonia".
- ^ "City Hall | Fredonia, KS - Official Website".
- ^ "City Departments | Fredonia, KS - Official Website".
- ^ School District Website Archived February 4, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "10th Infantry Chief to Quit". The Parsons Sun. Parsons, KS. Associated Press. October 11, 1951. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Col. Bell Named 81st Assistant Commander". Dothan Eagle. Dothan, AL. December 14, 1942. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "To Observe Golden Wedding". Corpus Christi Caller-Times. Corpus Christi Caller, TX. August 23, 1936. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
Further reading
edit
External links
edit
- City of Fredonia
- Fredonia - Directory of Public Officials
- USD 484, local school district
- Fredonia city map, KDOT