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Pitești Prison (Romanian: Închisoarea Pitești) was a penal facility in Pitești, Romania, best remembered for the reeducation experiment (also known as Experimentul Pitești – the "Pitești Experiment" or Fenomenul Pitești – the "Pitești Phenomenon") which was carried out between December 1949 and September 1951, during Communist party rule. The experiment, which was implemented by a group of prisoners under the guidance of the prison administration, was designed as an attempt to violently "reeducate" the mostly young political prisoners, who were primarily supporters of the fascist Iron Guard, as well as Zionist members of the Romanian Jewish community. The Romanian People's Republic adhered to a doctrine of state atheism and the inmates who were held at Pitești Prison included religious bel

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  • La Prisión Pitești (en rumano, Închisoarea Pitești) era una edificación penal en Pitești, Rumania, principalmente recordada por un experimento de re-educación (también conocido como Experimentul Pitești – el "Experimento Pitești" o Fenomenul Pitești – el "Suceso Pitești") llevado a cabo entre diciembre de 1949 y septiembre de 1951, durante el gobierno del partido Comunista. El experimento, implementado por un grupo de prisioneros bajo la supervisión de la administración de la prisión, fue diseñado como un intento de "reeducación" mediante métodos violentos de los prisioneros políticos (mayoritariamente jóvenes) seguidores principalmente de la Guardia de Hierro fascista, así como miembros sionistas de la comunidad judía en Rumanía.​ La república socialista de Rumanía se adhirió a una doctrina de ateísmo estatal así que los reclusos de la prisión de Pitești incluyeron creyentes religiosos, así como cristianos seminaristas.​​ De acuerdo con el escritor el objetivo del experimento era re-educar a los prisioneros por condenas religiosas pasadas e ideología, y, finalmente, alterar sus personalidades al punto de alcanzar una obediencia absoluta.​ Las estimaciones sobre el número total de personas que sufrieron el experimento van desde 1.000, 2.000, y hasta 5.000.​​​ El periodista Laurențiu Dologa afirma que casi 200 personas murieron en Pitești. Aun así el historiador Mircea Stănescu afirma que solo 22 muertes se produjeron durante el periodo del experimento, y sólo 16 de ellos con participación documentada y confirmada en la "re-educación".​​ Después de la purga política de la dirigente rumana del Partido Comunista Ana Pauker, el experimento se detuvo porque el régimen comunista rumano estaba dejando de lado a sus líderes estalinistas.​ Los capataces fueron juzgados; mientras que veinte de los prisioneros que participaron fueron condenados a muerte, y los funcionarios solo recibieron penas leves.​ El periodista y activista anticomunista Virgilio Ierunca se refirió al "experimento de re-educación" como el más grande y más intensivo programa de tortura y lavado de cerebro del Bloque Oriental.​ En términos aún más contundentes, el premio Nobel de literatura y superviviente delGulag Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn lo llamó "el acto más terrible de barbarismo en el mundo contemporáneo."​ El ex-detenido Gheorghe Boldur-Lățescu ha descrito el Experimento Pitești como "único en la historia de delitos de lesa humanidad".​ La investigadora Monica Ciobanu señaló que, como parte de la política poscomunista rumana y la tendencia a reincorporar una ideología nacionalista dentro de la retórica anticomunista la derecha conservadora ha intentado para reconstruir el pasado reciente transformando a las víctimas de Pitești en mártires y héroes, reclutando para este fin a varias organizaciones cuasi-religiosas: el la iglesia rumana ortodoxa y algunos disidentes anteriores y organizaciones civiles. La oposición a esta tendencia ha venido principalmente del Instituto Nacional Elie Wiesel y otros implicados en el estudio del Holocausto en Rumanía.​ (es)
  • Pitești Prison (Romanian: Închisoarea Pitești) was a penal facility in Pitești, Romania, best remembered for the reeducation experiment (also known as Experimentul Pitești – the "Pitești Experiment" or Fenomenul Pitești – the "Pitești Phenomenon") which was carried out between December 1949 and September 1951, during Communist party rule. The experiment, which was implemented by a group of prisoners under the guidance of the prison administration, was designed as an attempt to violently "reeducate" the mostly young political prisoners, who were primarily supporters of the fascist Iron Guard, as well as Zionist members of the Romanian Jewish community. The Romanian People's Republic adhered to a doctrine of state atheism and the inmates who were held at Pitești Prison included religious believers, such as Christian seminarians. According to writer , the experiment's goal was to re-educate prisoners to discard past religious convictions and ideology, and, eventually, to alter their personalities to the point of absolute obedience. Estimates for the total number of people who passed through the experiment range from at least 780 to up to 1,000, to 2,000, to 5,000. Journalist Laurențiu Dologa estimates almost 200 inmates died at Pitești, while historian Mircea Stănescu accounts for 22 deaths during the period, only 16 of them with documented participation in the "re-education". After the purging of Romanian Communist Party leader Ana Pauker, the experiment was halted because the Romanian communist regime was sidelining its hardline Stalinist leaders. The overseers were put on trial; while twenty of the participating prisoners were sentenced to death, prison officials were given light sentences. Journalist and anti-communist activist Virgil Ierunca referred to the "reeducation experiment" as the largest and most intensive brainwashing torture program in the Eastern Bloc. In even stronger terms, Nobel Laureate and Gulag survivor Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn called it "the most terrible act of barbarism in the contemporary world". Ex-detainee Gheorghe Boldur-Lățescu has described the Pitești Experiment as being "unique in the history of crimes against humanity". Researcher Monica Ciobanu noted that, as part of the Romanian post-communist politics and the trend to reincorporate a nationalist ideology within anti-communist rhetoric, the conservative right wing has attempted to reconstruct the recent past by transforming the victims in Pitești into martyrs and heroes, enlisting towards this end various quasi-religious organisations, the Romanian Orthodox Church and some former dissidents and civic organisations. Opposition to this trend has come primarily from the Elie Wiesel National Institute and others involved in the study of the Holocaust in Romania. (en)
  • La prison de Pitești (en roumain : Penitenciarul Pitești) est un ancien pénitencier roumain où furent détenus de nombreux prisonniers politiques du régime communiste de Roumanie entre 1948 et 1989. Il est surtout connu pour les expériences de lavage de cerveau et de rééducation par la torture physique et psychologique pratiquées entre les années 1949 à 1954 par l'administration pénitentiaire et la police politique communiste, sous l'autorité du Parti communiste roumain. Les tortures commises en son sein sont également connues sous le nom de l'expérience Pitești (Experimentul Pitești) ou de phénomène Pitești (Fenomenul Pitești). (fr)
  • La prigione di Piteşti ( rumeno : Închisoarea Piteşti ) era una struttura penitenziaria a Pitești, in Romania, meglio ricordata per gli esperimenti di rieducazione (noto anche come Experimentul Piteşti o Fenomenul Piteşti) effettuato tra dicembre 1949 e settembre 1951, durante il governo comunista. L'esperimento, realizzato da un gruppo di prigionieri sotto la guida dell'amministrazione penitenziaria, è stato concepito come un tentativo di "rieducare" violentemente i prigionieri politici, per lo più giovani, in primo luogo i sostenitori dell'ultra nazionalista Guardia di Ferro, così come gli ex membri del Partito Nazionale Contadino e Partito Nazionale Liberale o sionisti membri della comunità ebraica romena. I detenuti religiosi includevano anche seminaristi cristiani. L'obiettivo dell'esperimento era che i prigionieri scartassero passate convinzioni politiche e religiose e, alla fine, alterassero le loro personalità fino all'obbedienza assoluta Le stime relative al numero totale di persone passate attraverso l'esperimento vanno da un massimo di 1.000 a 5.000 Dopo l'epurazione della leader rumena Ana Pauker, l'esperimento fu interrotto mentre il regime comunista rumeno veniva . I sorveglianti furono messi sotto processo; mentre venti dei prigionieri partecipanti sono stati condannati a morte, i funzionari della prigione hanno emesso condanne leggere. L'attivista giornalista e anticomunista Virgil Ierunca fece riferimento all'"esperimento di rieducazione" come il più grande e più intenso programma di tortura per il lavaggio del cervello nel Blocco orientale. In termini ancora più forti, il premio Nobel e sopravvissuto al gulag Alexander Solzhenitsyn lo definì "l'atto più terribile della barbarie nel mondo contemporaneo". (it)
  • 皮特什蒂监狱(羅馬尼亞語:Închisoarea Pitești)是一处位于罗马尼亚皮特什蒂的一处惩戒设施,以在共产党治下于1949年12月至1951年9月之间推出再教育实验(又叫Experimentul Pitești——“皮特什蒂实验”或Fenomenul Pitești——“皮特什蒂现象”)最为人所铭记。这一实验通过一群囚犯在监狱管理机构的引导下实现,被设计为针对多数年轻政治犯、极端民族主义铁卫团的基层支持者,以及、国家自由党党员或中的锡安主义者的暴力“再教育”的尝试。宗教囚犯还包括了基督教神学院学生。实验的目标是使囚犯放弃过去的政治和宗教犯罪,并最终将他们的人格转变为绝对服从。经历这次实验的总人数据估计从1,000到5,000不等。 在对罗马尼亚领导人安娜·波克尔的清洗之后,这一实验被罗马尼亚共产党政府作为斯大林主义领导者强硬路线的旁线叫停。监督人员被审判,同时有20名参与的囚犯被判处死刑,监狱官员被轻判。 记者和反共活动家引述这一“再教育实验”为东方集团中最大和最密集的洗脑酷刑活动。在更为强烈的措辞中,诺贝尔文学奖获得者、古拉格幸存者亚历山大·索尔仁尼琴称之为“当今世界野蛮主义的最恐怖的行动”。 (zh)
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  • Alexandru Dumitrescu (en)
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  • La prison de Pitești (en roumain : Penitenciarul Pitești) est un ancien pénitencier roumain où furent détenus de nombreux prisonniers politiques du régime communiste de Roumanie entre 1948 et 1989. Il est surtout connu pour les expériences de lavage de cerveau et de rééducation par la torture physique et psychologique pratiquées entre les années 1949 à 1954 par l'administration pénitentiaire et la police politique communiste, sous l'autorité du Parti communiste roumain. Les tortures commises en son sein sont également connues sous le nom de l'expérience Pitești (Experimentul Pitești) ou de phénomène Pitești (Fenomenul Pitești). (fr)
  • 皮特什蒂监狱(羅馬尼亞語:Închisoarea Pitești)是一处位于罗马尼亚皮特什蒂的一处惩戒设施,以在共产党治下于1949年12月至1951年9月之间推出再教育实验(又叫Experimentul Pitești——“皮特什蒂实验”或Fenomenul Pitești——“皮特什蒂现象”)最为人所铭记。这一实验通过一群囚犯在监狱管理机构的引导下实现,被设计为针对多数年轻政治犯、极端民族主义铁卫团的基层支持者,以及、国家自由党党员或中的锡安主义者的暴力“再教育”的尝试。宗教囚犯还包括了基督教神学院学生。实验的目标是使囚犯放弃过去的政治和宗教犯罪,并最终将他们的人格转变为绝对服从。经历这次实验的总人数据估计从1,000到5,000不等。 在对罗马尼亚领导人安娜·波克尔的清洗之后,这一实验被罗马尼亚共产党政府作为斯大林主义领导者强硬路线的旁线叫停。监督人员被审判,同时有20名参与的囚犯被判处死刑,监狱官员被轻判。 记者和反共活动家引述这一“再教育实验”为东方集团中最大和最密集的洗脑酷刑活动。在更为强烈的措辞中,诺贝尔文学奖获得者、古拉格幸存者亚历山大·索尔仁尼琴称之为“当今世界野蛮主义的最恐怖的行动”。 (zh)
  • La Prisión Pitești (en rumano, Închisoarea Pitești) era una edificación penal en Pitești, Rumania, principalmente recordada por un experimento de re-educación (también conocido como Experimentul Pitești – el "Experimento Pitești" o Fenomenul Pitești – el "Suceso Pitești") llevado a cabo entre diciembre de 1949 y septiembre de 1951, durante el gobierno del partido Comunista. El experimento, implementado por un grupo de prisioneros bajo la supervisión de la administración de la prisión, fue diseñado como un intento de "reeducación" mediante métodos violentos de los prisioneros políticos (mayoritariamente jóvenes) seguidores principalmente de la Guardia de Hierro fascista, así como miembros sionistas de la comunidad judía en Rumanía.​ La república socialista de Rumanía se adhirió a una doctri (es)
  • Pitești Prison (Romanian: Închisoarea Pitești) was a penal facility in Pitești, Romania, best remembered for the reeducation experiment (also known as Experimentul Pitești – the "Pitești Experiment" or Fenomenul Pitești – the "Pitești Phenomenon") which was carried out between December 1949 and September 1951, during Communist party rule. The experiment, which was implemented by a group of prisoners under the guidance of the prison administration, was designed as an attempt to violently "reeducate" the mostly young political prisoners, who were primarily supporters of the fascist Iron Guard, as well as Zionist members of the Romanian Jewish community. The Romanian People's Republic adhered to a doctrine of state atheism and the inmates who were held at Pitești Prison included religious bel (en)
  • La prigione di Piteşti ( rumeno : Închisoarea Piteşti ) era una struttura penitenziaria a Pitești, in Romania, meglio ricordata per gli esperimenti di rieducazione (noto anche come Experimentul Piteşti o Fenomenul Piteşti) effettuato tra dicembre 1949 e settembre 1951, durante il governo comunista. L'esperimento, realizzato da un gruppo di prigionieri sotto la guida dell'amministrazione penitenziaria, è stato concepito come un tentativo di "rieducare" violentemente i prigionieri politici, per lo più giovani, in primo luogo i sostenitori dell'ultra nazionalista Guardia di Ferro, così come gli ex membri del Partito Nazionale Contadino e Partito Nazionale Liberale o sionisti membri della comunità ebraica romena. I detenuti religiosi includevano anche seminaristi cristiani. L'obiettivo dell'es (it)
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  • Prisión Pitești (es)
  • Prison de Pitești (fr)
  • Carcere di Pitești (it)
  • Pitești Prison (en)
  • 皮特什蒂监狱 (zh)
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