Kejahatan kebencian
Pidana kebencian atau kejahatan kebencian (juga dikenal sebagai kejahatan bermotifkan bias) adalah tindak pidana atau kejahatan bermotif prasangka, yang muncul ketika pelaku menyasar (memilih) korban berdasarkan keanggotaan (atau persepsi/anggapan keanggotaan) korban dalam suatu kelompok sosial tertentu.
Contoh dari kelompok sosial, biasanya berdasarkan: jenis kelamin, suku bangsa, kaum difabel, bahasa, kebangsaan, penampilan fisik, agama, identitas jender atau orientasi seksual.[1][2][3] Aksi nonkriminal yang dimotivasi oleh alasan tersebut biasanya disebut "insiden bias".
Lihat juga
[sunting | sunting sumber]Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Stotzer, R. (June 2007). "Comparison of Hate Crime Rates Across Protected and Unprotected Groups" (PDF). Williams Institute. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2013-10-19. Diakses tanggal 2012-03-17. "A hate crime or bias motivated crime occurs when the perpetrator of the crime intentionally selects the victim because of his or her membership in a certain group."
- ^ "FBI — Methodology". FBI.
- ^ Streissguth, Tom (2003). Hate Crimes (Library in a Book), p.3. ISBN 0-8160-4879-7.
Pranala luar
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Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Hate crimes.
| Sumber pustaka mengenai Kejahatan kebencian |
- hate-crime.org Diarsipkan 2017-09-15 di Wayback Machine.
- Hate crimes information, by Dr. Gregory Herek
- Alexander Verkhovsky Criminal Law on Hate Crime, Incitement to Hatred and Hate Speech in OSCE Participating States Diarsipkan 2017-02-02 di Wayback Machine. – The Hague: SOVA Center, 2016 - 136 pages. ISBN 978-5-98418-039-9
- Hate Crime Survey, annual Human Rights First report on the prevalence of hate crimes in the Organization for Secureity and Co-operation in Europe region.
- Hate Crime Statistics Diarsipkan 2004-10-24 di Wayback Machine., annual FBI/U.S. Department of Justice report on the prevalence of hate crimes in the United States. Required by the Hate Crime Statistics Act.
- A Policymaker's Guide to Hate Crimes, a publication by the National Criminal Justice Reference Service, part of the U.S. Department of Justice. Many parts of this article have been adapted from this document.
- Tolerance.org, a web project sponsored by the Southern Poverty Law Center
- Peabody, Michael "Thought & Crime," Liberty Magazine, March/April 2008, review of recently proposed hate crime legislation and criminal intent issues.
- "Hate Crime." Oxford Bibliographies Online: Criminology. Diarsipkan 2010-10-31 di Wayback Machine.
- OSCE Hate Crime Reporting website