Timeline of the 2024 Atlantic hurricane season
| Timeline of the 2024 Atlantic hurricane season | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Season summary map | |||||
| Season boundaries | |||||
| First system formed | June 19, 2024 | ||||
| Last system dissipated | Season ongoing | ||||
| Strongest system | |||||
| Name | Beryl | ||||
| Maximum winds | 165 mph (270 km/h) (1-minute sustained) | ||||
| Lowest pressure | 934 mbar (hPa; 27.58 inHg) | ||||
| Longest lasting system | |||||
| Name | Beryl | ||||
| Duration | 10.5 days | ||||
| |||||
The 2024 Atlantic hurricane season is the current cycle of the annual tropical cyclone season in the Atlantic Ocean in the Northern Hemisphere. The season officially began on June 1, and will end on November 30. These dates, adopted by convention, historically describe the period in each year when most subtropical or tropical cyclogenesis occurs in the Atlantic Ocean (over 97%).[1] No subtropical or tropical development occurred in the Atlantic prior to the start of the season, and the season got off to the slowest start since 2014. Even so, hurricane researchers are predicting an above-normal number of named storms this year.[nb 1][3]
This timeline documents tropical cyclone formations, strengthening, weakening, landfalls, extratropical transitions, and dissipations during the season. It includes information that was not released throughout the season, meaning that data from post-storm reviews by the National Hurricane Center, such as a storm that was not initially warned upon, has been included.
By convention, meteorologists use one time zone when issuing forecasts and making observations: Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), and also use the 24-hour clock (where 00:00 = midnight UTC).[4] The National Hurricane Center uses both UTC and the time zone where the center of the tropical cyclone is currently located. The time zones utilized (east to west) are: Greenwich, Cape Verde, Atlantic, Eastern, and Central.[5] In this timeline, all information is listed by UTC first, with the respective regional time zone included in parentheses. Additionally, figures for maximum sustained winds and position estimates are rounded to the nearest 5 units (knots, miles, or kilometers), following National Hurricane Center practice. Direct wind observations are rounded to the nearest whole number. Atmospheric pressures are listed to the nearest millibar and nearest hundredth of an inch of mercury.
Timeline of events
[edit]
June
[edit]June 1
- The 2024 Atlantic hurricane season officially begins.[1]
June 19
- 15:00 UTC (10:00 a.m. CDT) at 22°12′N 95°00′W / 22.2°N 95.0°W – Tropical Storm Alberto forms about 185 mi (300 km) east of Tampico, Mexico.[nb 2][7]
June 20
- 03:00 UTC (10:00 p.m. CDT June 19) at 21°30′N 95°54′W / 21.5°N 95.9°W – Tropical Storm Alberto reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 50 mph (85 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 993 mbar (29.32 inHg), about 135 mi (220 km) east of Tampico.[8]
- 12:00 UTC (7:00 a.m. CDT) at 22°18′N 98°18′W / 22.3°N 98.3°W – Tropical Storm Alberto makes landfall with sustained winds of 45 mph (75 km/h), about 25 mi (45 km) west of Tampico.[9]
- 15:00 UTC (10:00 a.m. CDT) at 22°18′N 99°24′W / 22.3°N 99.4°W – Tropical Storm Alberto weakens to a tropical depression inland, about 95 mi (155 km) west of Tampico.[10]
- 21:00 UTC (4:00 p.m. CDT) at 22°18′N 102°00′W / 22.3°N 102.0°W – Tropical Depression Alberto dissipates inland, about 260 mi (420 km) west of Tampico.[11]
June 28
- 21:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. AST) at 9°06′N 41°54′W / 9.1°N 41.9°W – Tropical Depression Two forms in the central tropical Atlantic, about 1,225 mi (1,970 km) east-southeast of Barbados.[12]
June 29
- 03:00 UTC (11:00 p.m. AST June 28) at 9°18′N 43°36′W / 9.3°N 43.6°W – Tropical Depression Two strengthens into Tropical Storm Beryl about 1,110 mi (1,785 km) east-southeast of Barbados.[13]
- 21:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. AST) at 10°06′N 49°18′W / 10.1°N 49.3°W – Tropical Storm Beryl strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane about 720 mi (1,160 km) east-southeast of Barbados.[14]
June 30
- 09:00 UTC (5:00 a.m. AST) at 10°42′N 53°06′W / 10.7°N 53.1°W – Hurricane Beryl intensifies to Category 2 strength about 465 mi (750 km) east-southeast of Barbados.[15]
- 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. AST) at 10°36′N 53°54′W / 10.6°N 53.9°W – Hurricane Beryl intensifies to Category 3 strength about 420 mi (675 km) east-southeast of Barbados.[16]
- 15:35 UTC (11:35 a.m. AST) at 10°48′N 54°54′W / 10.8°N 54.9°W – Hurricane Beryl intensifies to Category 4 strength about 350 mi (565 km) east-southeast of Barbados.[17]
- 18:00 UTC (1:00 p.m. CDT) at 19°42′N 95°24′W / 19.7°N 95.4°W – Tropical Depression Three forms from an area of low pressure about 65 mi (100 km) northeast of the city of Veracruz, Mexico.[18]
July
[edit]July 1
- 00:00 UTC (7:00 p.m. CDT, June 30) at 19°54′N 96°00′W / 19.9°N 96.0°W – Tropical Depression Three strengthens into Tropical Storm Chris about 40 mi (65 km) northeast of the city of Veracruz.[18]
- 03:00 UTC (10:00 p.m. CDT, June 30) at 19°54′N 96°30′W / 19.9°N 96.5°W – Tropical Storm Chris makes landfall in the municipality of Alto Lucero; it simultaneously attains its peak intensity, with maximum sustained winds of 45 mph (75 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 1,005 mbar (29.68 inHg).[18]
- 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. AST) at 11°30′N 59°06′W / 11.5°N 59.1°W – Hurricane Beryl weakens to Category 3 strength about 110 mi (175 km) south-southeast of Barbados.[19]
- 06:00 UTC (1:00 a.m. CDT) at 19°48′N 97°00′W / 19.8°N 97.0°W – Tropical Storm Chris weakens to a tropical depression inland about 45 mi (75 km) west-northwest of the city of Veracruz; it dissipates within the next six hours.[18]
- 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. AST) at 12°00′N 60°30′W / 12.0°N 60.5°W – Hurricane Beryl re-intensifies to Category 4 strength about 70 mi (125 km) east of Grenada.[20]
- 15:10 UTC (11:10 a.m. AST) at 12°30′N 61°30′W / 12.5°N 61.5°W – Hurricane Beryl makes landfall on Carriacou Island with sustained winds of 150 mph (240 km/h), about 30 mi (50 km) north-northeast of Grenada.[21]
July 2
- 03:00 UTC (11:00 p.m. AST July 1) at 13°48′N 64°54′W / 13.8°N 64.9°W – Hurricane Beryl intensifies to Category 5 strength about 510 mi (825 km) east-southeast of Isla Beata, Dominican Republic.[22]
- 12:00 UTC (8:00 a.m. AST) at 15°00′N 67°54′W / 15.0°N 67.9°W – Hurricane Beryl reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 165 mph (270 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 934 mbar (27.58 inHg), about 300 mi (485 km) southeast of Isla Beata.[23]
- 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. AST) at 15°36′N 69°54′W / 15.6°N 69.9°W – Hurricane Beryl weakens to Category 4 strength about 175 mi (280 km) southeast of Isla Beata.[24]
July 4
- 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. EDT) at 18°18′N 80°06′W / 18.3°N 80.1°W – Hurricane Beryl weakens to Category 3 strength about 110 mi (175 km) southeast of Grand Cayman.[25]
- 18:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. EDT) at 19°12′N 83°24′W / 19.2°N 83.4°W – Hurricane Beryl weakens to Category 2 strength about 135 mi (215 km) west of Grand Cayman.[26]
July 5
- 01:30 UTC (9:30 p.m. EDT July 4) at 19°36′N 85°06′W / 19.6°N 85.1°W – Hurricane Beryl re-intensifies to Category 3 strength about 160 mi (260 km) east-southeast of Tulum, Mexico.[27]
- 09:00 UTC (4:00 a.m. CDT) at 20°06′N 86°54′W / 20.1°N 86.9°W – Hurricane Beryl weakens to Category 2 strength about 40 mi (65 km) east of Tulum.[28]
- 11:05 UTC (6:05 a.m. EST) at 20°18′N 87°24′W / 20.3°N 87.4°W – Hurricane Beryl makes landfall near Tulum with sustained winds of 110 mph (175 km/h).[29]
- 15:00 UTC (10:00 a.m. CDT) at 20°42′N 88°18′W / 20.7°N 88.3°W – Hurricane Beryl weakens to Category 1 strength inland, about 100 mi (160 km) east-southeast of Progreso, Mexico.[30]
- 18:00 UTC (1:00 p.m. CDT) at 20°48′N 88°48′W / 20.8°N 88.8°W – Hurricane Beryl weakens to a tropical storm inland, about 65 mi (105 km) east-southeast of Progreso.[31]
July 8
- 04:00 UTC (11:00 p.m. CDT July 7) at 27°42′N 95°42′W / 27.7°N 95.7°W – Tropical Storm Beryl re-strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane about 65 mi (105 km) south-southeast of Matagorda, Texas.[32]
- 09:00 UTC (4:00 a.m. CDT) at 28°36′N 96°00′W / 28.6°N 96.0°W – Hurricane Beryl makes landfall near Matagorda with sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h).[33]
- 15:00 UTC (10:00 a.m. CDT) at 29°48′N 95°42′W / 29.8°N 95.7°W – Hurricane Beryl weakens to a tropical storm inland, about 20 mi (30 km) west-northwest of Houston, Texas.[34]
July 9
- 00:00 UTC (7:00 p.m. CDT July 8) at 32°12′N 94°48′W / 32.2°N 94.8°W – Tropical Storm Beryl weakens to a tropical depression inland, about 30 mi (50 km) east-southeast of Tyler, Texas.[35]
- 15:00 UTC (10:00 a.m. CDT) at 35°48′N 91°12′W / 35.8°N 91.2°W – Tropical Depression Beryl transitions to a post-tropical cyclone inland, about 160 mi (260 km) west-southwest of Paducah, Kentucky.[36]
August
[edit]August 3
- 03:00 UTC (11:00 p.m. EDT August 2) at 21°24′N 79°42′W / 21.4°N 79.7°W – Tropical Depression Four forms about 75 mi (125 km) south of Caibarién, Cuba.[nb 3][38]
- 21:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. EDT) at 23°54′N 83°12′W / 23.9°N 83.2°W – Tropical Depression Four strengthens into Tropical Storm Debby about 70 mi (115 km) northwest of Havana, Cuba.[39]
August 5
- 03:00 UTC (11:00 p.m. EDT August 4) at 28°36′N 84°00′W / 28.6°N 84.0°W – Tropical Storm Debby strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane about 65 mi (105 km) west-southwest of Cedar Key, Florida.[40]
- 09:00 UTC (5:00 a.m. EDT) at 29°30′N 83°42′W / 29.5°N 83.7°W – Hurricane Debby reaches peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 979 mbar (28.91 inHg), about 45 mi (75 km) northwest of Cedar Key.[41]
- 11:00 UTC (7:00 a.m. EDT) at 29°42′N 83°30′W / 29.7°N 83.5°W – Hurricane Debby makes landfall near Steinhatchee, Florida with sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h).[42]
- 15:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. EDT) at 30°12′N 83°12′W / 30.2°N 83.2°W – Hurricane Debby weakens to a tropical storm inland, about 35 mi (55 km) west of Lake City, Florida.[43]
August 8
- 06:00 UTC (2:00 a.m. EDT) at 33°00′N 79°36′W / 33.0°N 79.6°W – Tropical Storm Debby makes landfall near Bulls Bay, South Carolina with sustained winds of 50 mph (85 km/h), about 20 mi (35 km) northeast of Charleston, South Carolina.[44]
- 21:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. EDT) at 35°06′N 80°12′W / 35.1°N 80.2°W – Tropical Storm Debby weakens to a tropical depression inland, about 45 mi (75 km) east of Charlotte, North Carolina.[45]
August 9
- 09:00 UTC (5:00 a.m. EDT) at 38°12′N 79°06′W / 38.2°N 79.1°W – Tropical Depression Debby degenerates to a remnant low inland, about 110 mi (180 km) north of Danville, Virginia.[46]
August 12
- 21:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. AST) at 16°00′N 57°30′W / 16.0°N 57.5°W – Tropical Storm Ernesto forms about 295 mi (475 km) east-southeast of Antigua.[nb 4][48]
August 14
- 15:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. AST) at 20°30′N 67°36′W / 20.5°N 67.6°W – Tropical Storm Ernesto strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane about 175 mi (280 km) northwest of San Juan, Puerto Rico.[49]
August 16
- 03:00 UTC (11:00 p.m. AST, August 15) at 27°06′N 68°06′W / 27.1°N 68.1°W – Hurricane Ernesto intensifies to Category 2 strength about 410 mi (660 km) south-southwest of Bermuda; it simultaneously attains its peak intensity, with maximum sustained winds of 100 mph (155 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 968 mbar (28.59 inHg).[50]
August 17
- 03:00 UTC (11:00 p.m. AST, August 16) at 31°24′N 65°12′W / 31.4°N 65.2°W – Hurricane Ernesto weakens to Category 1 strength about 65 mi (105 km) south-southwest of Bermuda.[51]
- 08:30 UTC (4:30 a.m. AST) near 32°18′N 64°48′W / 32.3°N 64.8°W – Hurricane Ernesto makes landfall on Bermuda with maximum sustained winds of 85 mph (140 km/h) and a barometric pressure of 972 mbar (28.70 inHg).[52]
August 18
- 03:00 UTC (11:00 p.m. AST, August 17) at 33°54′N 63°18′W / 33.9°N 63.3°W – Hurricane Ernesto weakens into a tropical storm about 140 mi (225 km) northeast of Bermuda.[53]
- 21:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. AST) at 37°06′N 62°18′W / 37.1°N 62.3°W – Tropical Storm Ernesto re-intensifies to Category 1 strength about 520 mi (840 km) south of Halifax, Nova Scotia.[54]
August 20
- 15:00 UTC (3:00 p.m. GMT) at 49°00′N 44°42′W / 49.0°N 44.7°W – Hurricane Ernesto transitions into an extratropical cyclone about 420 mi (675 km) east-northeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland.[55]
September
[edit]September 9
- 15:00 UTC (10:00 a.m. CDT) at 23°00′N 94°54′W / 23.0°N 94.9°W – Tropical Storm Francine forms about 245 mi (395 km) southeast of the mouth of the Rio Grande.[nb 5][57]
September 11
- 00:00 UTC (7:00 p.m. CDT, September 10) at 25°48′N 94°48′W / 25.8°N 94.8°W – Tropical Storm Francine strengthens into a Category 1 hurricane about 150 mi (240 km) east of the mouth of the Rio Grande.[58]
- 15:00 UTC (2:00 p.m. CVT) at 16°00′N 28°42′W / 16.0°N 28.7°W – Tropical Depression Seven forms about 310 mi (500 km) west of the Cabo Verde islands.[59]
- 21:00 UTC (4:00 p.m. CDT) at 29°12′N 91°30′W / 29.2°N 91.5°W – Hurricane Francine intensifies to Category 2 strength about 40 mi (65 km) south of Morgan City, Louisiana; it simultaneously attains its peak intensity, with maximum sustained winds of 100 mph (155 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 972 mbar (28.70 inHg).[60]
- 22:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. CDT) at 29°18′N 91°18′W / 29.3°N 91.3°W – Hurricane Francine makes landfall in Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana, at peak intensity.[61]
- 23:00 UTC (6:00 p.m. CDT) at 29°30′N 91°00′W / 29.5°N 91.0°W – Hurricane Francine weakens to Category 1 strength about 20 mi (30 km) southeast of Morgan City.[62]
September 12
- 03:00 UTC (10:00 p.m. CDT, September 11) at 30°12′N 90°36′W / 30.2°N 90.6°W – Hurricane Francine weakens into a tropical storm inland, about 35 mi (55 km) west-northwest of New Orleans.[63]
- 12:00 UTC (7:00 a.m. CDT) at 31°54′N 90°06′W / 31.9°N 90.1°W – Tropical Storm Francine weakens into a tropical depression inland, about 30 mi (50 km) south of Jackson, Mississippi.[64]
- 21:00 UTC (4:00 p.m. CDT) at 33°48′N 89°48′W / 33.8°N 89.8°W – Tropical Depression Francine transitions to a post-tropical cyclone inland, about 90 mi (145 km) south of Memphis, Tennessee.[65]
September 13
- 15:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. AST) at 19°24′N 38°36′W / 19.4°N 38.6°W – Tropical Depression Seven strengthens into Tropical Storm Gordon about 990 mi (1,590 km) west-northwest of the Cabo Verde islands.[66]
September 15
- 21:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. AST) at 19°12′N 46°06′W / 19.2°N 46.1°W – Tropical Storm Gordon weakens into a tropical depression about 1115 mi (1790 km) east of the northern Leeward Islands.[67]
September 17
- 15:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. AST) at 19°30′N 49°06′W / 19.5°N 49.1°W – Tropical Depression Gordon degenerates to a trough of low pressure about 920 mi (1480 km) east of the northern Leeward Islands.[68]
November
[edit]November 30
- The 2024 Atlantic hurricane season officially ends.[1]
See also
[edit]
- Timeline of the 2024 Pacific hurricane season
- Tropical cyclones in 2024
- Lists of Atlantic hurricanes
Notes
[edit]- ^ An average Atlantic hurricane season, as defined by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, has fourteen tropical storms, seven hurricanes and three major hurricanes.[2]
- ^ Due to the threat the developing system posed to northeastern Mexico and South Texas, the National Hurricane Center initiated advisories on it, designating it Potential Tropical Cyclone One at 21:00 UTC (4:00 p.m. CDT) on June 17.[6]
- ^ Due to the threat the developing system posed to Florida, the National Hurricane Center initiated advisories on it, designating it Potential Tropical Cyclone Four at 15:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. EDT) on August 2.[37]
- ^ Due to the threat the developing system posed to the Leeward Islands, the National Hurricane Center initiated advisories on it, designating it Potential Tropical Cyclone Five at 21:00 UTC (5:00 p.m. AST) on August 11.[47]
- ^ Due to the threat the developing system posed to Texas and Louisiana, the National Hurricane Center initiated advisories on it, designating it Potential Tropical Cyclone Six at 21:00 UTC (4:00 p.m. CDT) on September 8.[56]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c "Hurricanes Frequently Asked Questions". Miami, Florida: NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. June 1, 2021. Retrieved June 19, 2024.
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- ^ "NOAA predicts above-normal 2024 Atlantic hurricane season". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. May 23, 2024. Retrieved June 19, 2024.
- ^ "Understanding the Date/Time Stamps". Miami, Florida: NOAA National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 19, 2024.
- ^ "Update on National Hurricane Center Products and Services for 2020" (PDF). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. April 20, 2020. Retrieved June 19, 2024.
- ^ Beven, Jack (June 17, 2024). Potential Tropical Cyclone One Advisory Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 19, 2024.
- ^ Berg, Robbie (June 19, 2024). Potential Tropical Cyclone One Advisory Number 8 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 19, 2024.
- ^ Bucci, Lisa (June 19, 2024). Tropical Storm Alberto Advisory Number 10 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 20, 2024.
- ^ Kelly, Larry (June 20, 2024). Tropical Storm Alberto Intermediate Advisory Number 11A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 20, 2024.
- ^ Kelly, Larry (June 20, 2024). Tropical Depression Alberto Advisory Number 12 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 20, 2024.
- ^ Kelly, Larry (June 20, 2024). Remnants Of Alberto Advisory Number 13 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 20, 2024.
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- ^ Brown, Daniel (August 4, 2024). Hurricane Debby Advisory Number 11 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 5, 2024.
- ^ Cangialosi, John (August 5, 2024). Hurricane Debby Advisory Number 12 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 5, 2024.
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- ^ Berg, Robbie (August 8, 2024). Tropical Storm Debby Intermediate Advisory Number 23A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 8, 2024.
- ^ Cangialosi, John (August 8, 2024). Tropical Depression Debby Advisory Number 26 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
- ^ Chenard, Marc (August 9, 2024). Post-Tropical Cyclone Debby Advisory Number 28 (Report). College Park, Maryland: Weather Prediction Center. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
- ^ Hagen, Andrew; Cangialosi, John (August 11, 2024). Potential Tropical Cyclone Five Advisory Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 12, 2024.
- ^ Cangialosi, John (August 12, 2024). Tropical Storm Ernesto Advisory Number 5 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 12, 2024.
- ^ Berg, Robbie (August 14, 2024). Hurricane Ernesto Advisory Number 12 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 14, 2024.
- ^ Cangialosi, John (August 15, 2024). Hurricane Ernesto Advisory Number 18 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 16, 2024.
- ^ Cangialosi, John (August 16, 2024). Hurricane Ernesto Advisory Number 22 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
- ^ Blake, Eric (August 17, 2024). Hurricane Ernesto Advisory Number 23 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
- ^ Beven, Jack (August 17, 2024). Tropical Storm Ernesto Advisory Number 26 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 18, 2024.
- ^ Papin, Philippe (August 18, 2024). Hurricane Ernesto Advisory Number 29 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 18, 2024.
- ^ Reinhart (August 20, 2024). Post-Tropical Cyclone Ernesto Advisory Number 36 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 21, 2024.
- ^ Papin, Philippe (September 8, 2024). Potential Tropical Cyclone Six Advisory Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 10, 2024.
- ^ Papin, Philippe (September 9, 2024). Tropical Storm Francine Advisory Number 4 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 10, 2024.
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- ^ Mullinax, Peter; Blake, Eric (September 11, 2024). Tropical Depression Seven Advisory Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 11, 2024.
- ^ Beven, Jack (September 11, 2024). Hurricane Francine Advisory Number 13 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 11, 2024.
- ^ Cangialosi, John; Bucci, Lisa (September 11, 2024). Hurricane Francine Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 11, 2024.
- ^ Cangialosi, John; Bucci, Lisa (September 11, 2024). Hurricane Francine Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 13, 2024.
- ^ Cangialosi, John (September 11, 2024). Tropical Storm Francine Advisory Number 14 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
- ^ Beven, Jack (September 12, 2024). Tropical Depression Francine Advisory Number 15A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
- ^ Taylor, Zach; Lamers, Alex (September 12, 2024). Post-Tropical Cyclone Francine Advisory Number 17 (Report). College Park, Maryland: Weather Prediction Center. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
- ^ Roth, David; Blake, Eric (September 13, 2024). Tropical Storm Gordon Advisory Number 9 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 13, 2024.
- ^ Kelly, Larry (September 15, 2024). Tropical Depression Gordon Advisory Number 18 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 16, 2024.
- ^ Reinhart, Brad (September 17, 2024). Remnants of Gordon Advisory Number 25 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved September 17, 2024.
External links
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