Epidermolytic acanthoma
| Epidermolytic acanthoma | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Epidermolytic acanthoma | |
| Specialty | Dermatology |
Epidermolytic acanthomas are a cutaneous condition characterized by discrete keratotic papules in adults.[1]
Epidermolytic acanthomas may exist in groups or as solitary lesions. They range in size from 1-2 mm. They usually affect the trunk, extremities, scrotum, or vulva. They are sometimes itchy.
The cause of epidermolytic acanthoma is unknown.
Epidermolytic acanthoma is diagnosed based on clinical and histological signs. Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis is the main characteristic of epidermolytic acanthoma.
Treatment isn't needed.
Signs and symptoms
[edit]Epidermolytic acanthoma manifests clinically as tiny, fleshy or white papules that range in size from 1 to 2 mm. They may exist alone or in groups.[2][3] They often affect the trunk, extremities, or scrotum and vulva.[4] Although they can be itchy, they are frequently asymptomatic, and the chronic type can result in lichenification.[5][6]
Causes
[edit]The exact cause of the lesion is unknown.[4] There have been suggestions that epidermolytic acanthoma could represent a localized form of generalized hereditary epidermolytic hyperkeratosis.[7] While some have searched for a connection between HPV and epidermolytic acanthoma, they have not consistently found one.[8] Epidermolytic acanthoma typically affects people who have never had an STD and who have never engaged in unsafe sexual conduct.[6] There has also been weak evidence to support the suggestions of trauma or continuous scratching.[4] Some expressed the belief that immunosuppression.[8]
Diagnosis
[edit]The distinctive histologic findings in the appropriate clinical situation are necessary for an accurate diagnosis of epidermolytic acanthoma.[9]
Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis on over 50% of the epidermolytic acanthoma surface is the main histologic characteristic of the condition.[10][11] Keratinocytes with coarse keratohyalin granules, reticular degeneration, perinuclear vacuolation, and perinuclear eosinophilic inclusions in the granular and spinous layers are characteristics of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis.[5][12]
Treatment
[edit]There is no need for treatment, but if the patient feels embarrassed, there are a number of different therapies that can be performed, with varying degrees of success, such as cryotherapy, topical immune system modulators, or surgical excision.[10]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. p. 1674. ISBN 1-4160-2999-0.
- ^ Hijazi, Maya M.; Succaria, Farah; Ghosn, Samer (2015). "Multiple Localized Epidermolytic Acanthomas of the Vulva Associated With Vulvar Pruritus: A Case Report". The American Journal of Dermatopathology. 37 (4): e49–e52. doi:10.1097/DAD.0000000000000101. ISSN 0193-1091.
- ^ Fletcher, J. Wesley; Ramamurthi, Arathi; Parekh, Palak (2016). "Presentation of Epidermolytic Acanthomas as Multiple Tan Papules on the Vulva". Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings. 29 (2): 198–199. doi:10.1080/08998280.2016.11929416. ISSN 0899-8280. PMC 4790571. PMID 27034569.
- ^ a b c Dupont, Amandine; Marescassier, Hélène; Kaya, Gürkan (2019-05-06). "Epidermolytic Acanthoma Mimicking Condyloma: A Case Report". Dermatopathology. 6 (2): 23–27. doi:10.1159/000499366. ISSN 2296-3529. PMC 6827452. PMID 31700841.
- ^ a b Kukreja, Tarun; Krunic, Aleksandar (2009-01-13). "Multiple Epidermolytic Acanthomas Must Not be Confused with Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection". Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 89 (2). Medical Journals Sweden AB: 169–174. doi:10.2340/00015555-0607. ISSN 1651-2057.
- ^ a b Moulonguet, I.; Serre, M.; Herskovitch, D. (2017). "Hyperkératose épidermolytique génitale (acanthomes épidermolytiques génitaux multiples)". Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie (in French). 144 (4). Elsevier BV: 295–300. doi:10.1016/j.annder.2016.09.047. ISSN 0151-9638.
- ^ Egozi-Reinman, Ella; Avitan-Hersh, Emily; Barzilai, Aviv; Indelman, Margarita; Bergman, Reuven (2016). "Epidermolytic Acanthoma of the Genitalia Does Not Show Mutations in KRT1 or KRT10". The American Journal of Dermatopathology. 38 (2): 164–165. doi:10.1097/DAD.0000000000000359. ISSN 0193-1091.
- ^ a b Irwin, Steven; Karim, Afzal; McHenry, Pamela; Hutchinson, Sonya; Miller, Keith; Jamison, Jackie; Houghton, Joseph; McCluggage, W. Glenn (2020). "Multiple Epidermolytic Acanthomas: Rare Vulval Lesions Which May be Mistaken for Viral Warts". International Journal of Gynecological Pathology. 39 (1): 93–96. doi:10.1097/PGP.0000000000000570. ISSN 0277-1691.
- ^ Ginsberg, Ariana S; Rajagopalan, Archeta; Terlizzi, Joseph P (2020-09-26). "Epidermolytic acanthoma: A case report". World Journal of Clinical Cases. 8 (18). Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.: 4094–4099. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v8.i18.4094. ISSN 2307-8960. PMC 7520793.
- ^ a b Lee, Tsung‐Ju; Wu, Yu‐Hung (2017-10-31). "Multiple epidermolytic acanthomas mimicking condyloma: a retrospective study of 8 cases". International Journal of Dermatology. 57 (1). Wiley: 28–33. doi:10.1111/ijd.13818. ISSN 0011-9059.
- ^ Roy, Simon F.; Ghazawi, Feras M.; Choate, Keith A.; McNiff, Jennifer M. (2019-02-08). "Solitary and multiple epidermolytic acanthoma: A demographic and clinical study of 131 cases". Journal of Cutaneous Pathology. 46 (5). Wiley: 305–309. doi:10.1111/cup.13422. ISSN 0303-6987.
- ^ Abbas, O; Wieland, CN; Goldberg, LJ (2011-01-04). "Solitary epidermolytic acanthoma: a clinical and histopathological study". Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 25 (2). Wiley: 175–180. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03736.x. ISSN 0926-9959.
Further reading
[edit]- Adachi, Takeya; Tanese, Keiji; Ouchi, Takeshi; Igawa, Satomi; Nakano, Hajime; Ishiko, Akira (2016-03-06). "Case of isolated epidermolytic acanthoma: Genetic and immunohistochemical analysis". The Journal of Dermatology. 43 (8). Wiley: 974–975. doi:10.1111/1346-8138.13323. ISSN 0385-2407.
- Jung, Joon Min; Lee, Sang Hyung; Won, Chong Hyun; Chang, Sung Eun; Lee, Mi Woo; Choi, Jee Ho; Moon, Kee Chan (2015). "A Case of Multiple Epidermolytic Acanthoma of the Scrotum: Is the Human Papillomavirus a Culprit?". Annals of Dermatology. 27 (5). XMLink: 633. doi:10.5021/ad.2015.27.5.633. ISSN 1013-9087.