Terms omphalocoele, omphalitis, and also ductus omphaloentericus originate from the term omphalos ([phrase omitted]) for umbilicus.

From the first month of life, clinical manifestations of staphylococcal, streptococcal, pseudomonas and fungal infections such as omphalitis, otitis media, pneumonia, abscess have been reported (1,2).

They most frequently lead to clinical tables such as; pharyngitis, tonsillitis, red skin and soft tissue infections (impetigo, ecthyma, erysipelas), streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and rarely cause pneumonia, empyema, endocarditis, pericarditis, omphalitis, cellulitis and myositis.

There was history of omphalitis in neonatal period.

This is because breast milk is the child's first source of nutrition and immunity, protecting them from various diseases such as diarrhoea, respiratory infection, sepsis, omphalitis, hypothermia, weight loss, and malnutrition.

Few studies have reported a reduced rate of omphalitis when using antiseptic care, as claimed by Zupan et al.

Oral infections such as edematous and erythematous and skin infections like omphalitis, surgical site infections, burn, necrotizing fasciitis, and cellulitis at all age groups are associated with enterobacterium E.

Bacterial infections include bullous impetigo, periporitis staphylogenes, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, ophthalmia neonatorum, necrotising fasciitis, omphalitis and breast abscess.

In topical human milk group, the umbilical cords were detached within the normal period (between 5-15 days following the birth) documented in literatures.18 This result is matched with Gulsen Vural and Sezer Kisa (2006), who examined the incidence of omphalitis among three groups, each using a different type of newborn cord care: povidone-iodine, dry care, and topical human milk.

Topical applications of chlorhexidine to the umbilical cord for prevention of omphalitis and neonatal mortality in southern Nepal: a community-based, cluster-randomised trial.

a difference between groups in the rate of omphalitis: Compared with infants in the control group, those in the intervention group had a lower risk of any umbilical stump infection (relative risk, 0.7).

Propolis has been used in veterinary medicine in different fields and pharmaceutical forms and in different animal species, among which have been reported: solutions for the prevention and control of foot diseases in sheep (Bogdanov, 2012), mammary infusion for treating mastitis, antidiarrheal powders, boluses and injectable solutions in genitourinary diseases such as endometritis (Bogdanov, 2012; Martos et al., 2008), eyedrops and ointments for keratitis and keratoconjunctivitis infectious; tinctures and pomades for wounds, disinfectant solutions and repellents as therapy in calf omphalitis (Burdock, 1998), and it has also been used against rabbit infections by Pasteurella multocida (Gutierrez, 2011).