The quotative and jussive mood paradigms show a singular and a plural form for all the three persons.

Another interesting case is the use of jazm tt indicate vowellessness in general, whereas in Arabic it refers only to the jussive mood. The most striking influence of Arabic on S aadia is his use of the religiously loaded Islamic word qur[CHARACTERS NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]an "Koran" for the Hebrew Bible, probably as the equivalent of the Hebrew miqra[CHARACTERS NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII], "reader, Bible." Similarly, the Islamic terms [CHARACTERS NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]imam, sari[CHARACTERS NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]a translate, respectively, Jewish "kohen" and "Torah." Some terms are complete innovations by Saadia, e.g., mawdu[CHARACTERS NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII] vs.

This generalized use of the third person imperative marker to express commands whose addressee can also be first and second person is known in Estonian descriptive tradition as jussive mood (see Erelt 2002).