Suprapubic cystostomy was performed if there was periurethral involvement causing urinary extravasation.

A tube cystostomy may be done as a temporary measure.

Cystotomy, partial cystectomy, and tube cystostomy. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract.

21), usually at the level of uretero-vesical anastomosis, necrotic distal part of ureter, or the site of anterior cystostomy. If urinoma puncture is performed under control of ultrasound or CT, elevated levels of creatinine are found in the aspirate.

A 16 Fr urine catheter connecting a total-care urine bag was inserted into the bladder by cystostomy to obtain the urine every hour.

Operation of PKRP: The patient was given continuous epidural anesthesia and continuous low pressure flush after suprapubic cystostomy. After the urethra was expanded using 24F and 27F urethral sounds, a resectoscope was inserted.

The first step is relief of urinary retention by transurethral catheterisation for grades I and II [9], while cystostomy is preferable for higher grades [10,11].

Based on observations, it was primarily diagnosed as obstructive urolithiasis and was decided to go for tube cystostomy, however on exploring the urinary bladder through celiotomy bilateral extramural ectopic ureters was observed and the condition was treated by neoureterocystostomy.

Cysts were removed by classical cystostomy and capitonnage, lobectomy, wedge resection, or cyst enucleation.

We put a cystostomy catheter into the bladder and two suction drains into the pelvic region.

Bladder management methods, including manual micturation by increasing abdominal pressure (like tapping or extruding abdomen), voluntary urination, indwelling urethral catheterization, clean intermittent catheterization and cystostomy, were used to empty bladder in voiding period.