In contrast, the second one is characterised by codifiable knowledge rooted in the organisation itself and is consistent with human resource management based on external labour flexibility.

Likewise, Zander and Kogut (1995) found that codifiable product-based knowledge transfers effortlessly compared with less articulable knowledge.

Design provided strong technical and cultural elements of professional status, but the occupation was always in a weaken ed position resulting from internal disputes as to how far architectural knowledge was codifiable as a form of scientific knowledge, and how far it was, within the arena of 'indeterminacy' (Jamous and Peloille 1970; MacDonald 1995; Svensson 1990) as an art form.

This concept was well articulated in the 1980s when advocates of professional reform argued that there exists "a codified or codifiable aggregation of knowledge, skill, (and) understanding [about teaching] ...

That determination must be made through the exercise of developed capacities of recognition and appreciation, but without guidance by a criterion or codifiable rules.

If it is wrong to interpret Annas's notion of principled understanding as possession of codifiable generalizations, it's equally wrong to think it empty of generalization altogether.

In contrast, product innovations are codifiable and are more easily transferrable between organizations, but this also makes them susceptible to competitor imitation.

The conversation then enacted recalls Swift's critique of "polite conversation" made in his 1738 essay of that title, the rationale of which is, as Edward Said remarks, "that polite talk really speaks itself" (Said 59)--since it is codifiable within a pointedly superfluous instruction manual.

Justice is purely procedural, ascertainable through pure reason, and codifiable through ever-increasing laws and regulation.

Therefore, training and learning have not been successfully institutionalized, and even noninstitutional forms of training, such as apprenticeship, can have only a very minimal effect on homogenization within garbage can systems because no standard, codifiable rules or procedures are transmitted.

Since dynamic capabilities include tacit elements, they are not processes or routines in and of themselves (which are usually explicit and codifiable), but rather undergirded by processes and routines whose roles are coordination/integration, learning, and reconfiguration (O'Reilly and Tushman 2011; Teece et al.

These methods involve one-way communication, do not require direct personal contact, and are appropriate media for relaying codifiable knowledge, such as rules and procedures.