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Introduction to Trigonometry Class 10

This document introduces trigonometry, covering basic and reciprocal trigonometric ratios, specific angle values, and fundamental identities. It also discusses applications in navigation, surveying, and engineering, emphasizing problem-solving techniques involving heights and distances. The conclusion encourages further exploration of trigonometry's importance in various fields.

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tanmaygadodiya2010
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12 views

Introduction to Trigonometry Class 10

This document introduces trigonometry, covering basic and reciprocal trigonometric ratios, specific angle values, and fundamental identities. It also discusses applications in navigation, surveying, and engineering, emphasizing problem-solving techniques involving heights and distances. The conclusion encourages further exploration of trigonometry's importance in various fields.

Uploaded by

tanmaygadodiya2010
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

Trigonometry: Class 10
Welcome to our trigonometry class! We'll explore
relationships between angles and sides of triangles. Learn
how ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Indians used it. Discover
real-world uses in navigation, surveying, engineering, and
astronomy. Let's define ratios, solve triangles, and apply
trigonometry.
by tanmay gadodiya
Basic Trigonometric Ratios: SOH CAH TOA
Let's define trigonometric ratios. Sine (sin θ) is Opposite / Hypotenuse. Cosine (cos θ) is Adjacent /
Hypotenuse. Tangent (tan θ) is Opposite / Adjacent. Remember SOH CAH TOA! For a triangle with sides 3,
4, and 5, calculate sin, cos, and tan.

Sine (sin θ) Cosine (cos θ) Tangent (tan θ)

Opposite / Hypotenuse Adjacent / Hypotenuse Opposite / Adjacent


Reciprocal Trigonometric Ratios
Explore reciprocal trigonometric ratios. Cosecant (csc θ) = 1 / sin θ = Hypotenuse / Opposite. Secant (sec
θ) = 1 / cos θ = Hypotenuse / Adjacent. Cotangent (cot θ) = 1 / tan θ = Adjacent / Opposite. Calculate csc,
sec, and cot when sin θ = 3/5, cos θ = 4/5, tan θ = 3/4.

Cosecant (csc θ) Secant (sec θ) Cotangent (cot θ)

Hypotenuse / Opposite Hypotenuse / Adjacent Adjacent / Opposite


Trigonometric Ratios of Specific Angles
Learn common angles: 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°. Note their values. Sin 0° = 0, sin 30° = 1/2, sin 45° = 1/√2,
sin 60° = √3/2, sin 90° = 1. Derive values using equilateral and isosceles right triangles. Find a tree’s
height given the angle of elevation and distance.

0 Degrees 30 Degrees 45 Degrees 60 Degrees

90 Degrees
Fundamental Trigonometric Identities
Let's explore fundamental identities. Sin² θ + cos² θ = 1. Tangent θ = sin θ / cos θ. Cotangent θ = cos θ /
sin θ. Explore other identities, like 1 + tan² θ = sec² θ and 1 + cot² θ = csc² θ. Practice proving identities.
For example, prove (1 + tan² θ)cos² θ = 1.

sin² θ + cos² θ = 1
1
tan θ = sin θ / cos θ
2

cot θ = cos θ / sin θ


3
Angles of Elevation and
Depression
The angle of elevation is the angle formed when looking
upwards. The angle of depression is the angle formed when
looking downwards. A 10 m ladder makes a 60° angle with
the ground. Determine the distance of the ladder's foot from
the wall.
Angle of Elevation

Looking upwards

Angle of Depression

Looking downwards
Solving Problems Involving
Heights and Distances
Follow a step-by-step approach. Draw a diagram. Identify given and
required quantities. Choose the right trigonometric ratio. Solve for
the unknown. Find the height of a tower from ground elevation.
Determine the distance between ships from a lighthouse's top.

1. Draw a diagram

2. Identify quantities

3. Choose ratio

4. Solve
Applications of Trigonometry in Navigation
Understand compass bearings. Solve navigation problems. Use trigonometry to calculate distances and
directions. A ship sails 50 km, 30° east of north. Find the ship's displacement north and east. Explore GPS
and mapping technologies.

Directions

Bearings

Displacement
Applications in Surveying
and Engineering
Measure land and heights. Design structures and calculate
forces. Calculate a building's height using theodolite
measurements. Apply ratios. See real-world applications in
bridge design and construction.

1 Surveying

2 Engineering

3 Construction
Conclusion and Review
We covered ratios, identities, angles, and applications.
Trigonometry plays a key role in science and engineering.
Seek further learning resources. Now, let’s open the floor for
questions.

1 2
Ratios Identities

3
Applications

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