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10. Pulse

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10. Pulse

Uploaded by

sacvwip03
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
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Effect of exercise on

CVS
Dr Rahul
(MBBS, MD Physiology)
Type of Exercise
• Isotonic Exercise
Exercise that involves isotonic muscle contraction is categorized as
isotonic exercise. In isotonic muscle contraction, muscle length
changes; therefore, the external work is done. Hence, this is also called
dynamic exercise. Walking, jumping and jogging are the examples of
isotonic exercises.

• Isometric Exercise
This type of exercise involves isometric muscle contractions. As in
isometric contraction, muscle length remains same, no external work is
done. Hence, this is also called static exercise. Trying to lift a heavy
weight and pushing against a wall are examples of isometric exercise
Degrees of Exercise
• Mild Exercise: In mild exercise, the rise in heart rate is about 25%.
The oxygen consumption is 0.5 L/min to 1 L/min
• Moderate Exercise: In moderate exercise, the rise in heart rate is
about 50%. The oxygen consumption is 1 L/min to 2 L per min
• Severe Exercise: Heart rate rises to about 80%. The oxygen
consumption is 1.8 L/min to 2.5 L/min.
O2 Uptake During Exercise

The O2 consumption by the whole body during rest is about 250


ml/min. It increases to 15–20 times during maximal exercise

VO2max

The maximum amount of O2 that can be consumed by an individual


is called as maximal O2 consumption or VO2max. The average
VO2max in an adult is about 3 L/min and in athlete about 5 L/min.
Effects of exercise

1) ON BLOOD :Mild hypoxia developed during exercise stimulates


the juxtaglomerular apparatus to secrete erythropoietin. It stimulates
the bone marrow and causes release of red blood cells. Increased
carbon dioxide content in blood decreases the pH of blood.

2) ON HEART RATE: Heart rate increases during exercise. Even the


thought of exercise or preparation for exercise increases the heart rate.
It is because of impulses from cerebral cortex to medullary centers,
which reduces vagal tone.
3) ON CARDIAC OUTPUT: Cardiac output increases up to 20
L/minute in moderate exercise and up to 35 L/minute during severe
exercise. Increase in cardiac output is directly proportional to the
increase in the amount of oxygen consumed during exercise. During
exercise, the cardiac output increases because of increase in heart rate
and stroke volume. Heart rate increases because of vagal withdrawal

4) ON VENOUS RETURN: Venous return increases remarkably


during exercise because of muscle pump, respiratory pump and
splanchnic vasoconstriction
5) ON BLOOD FLOW TO SKELETAL MUSCLES: There is a
great increase in the amount of blood flowing to skeletal muscles
during exercise. In resting condition, the blood supply to the skeletal
muscles is 3 to 4 mL/100 g of the muscle/minute. It increases up to 60
to 80 mL in moderate exercise and up to 90 to 120 mL in severe
exercise
ON BLOOD PRESSURE

During moderate isotonic exercise, the systolic pressure is increased. It


is due to increase in heart rate and stroke volume. Diastolic pressure is
not altered because peripheral resistance is not affected during
moderate isotonic exercise. In severe exercise involving isotonic
muscular contraction, the systolic pressure enormously increases but
the diastolic pressure decreases. Decrease in diastolic pressure is
because of the decrease in peripheral resistance. Decrease in peripheral
resistance is due to vasodilatation caused by metabolites. During
exercise involving isometric contraction, the peripheral resistance
increases. So, the diastolic pressure also increases along with systolic
pressure.

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