SED 103: Foundations of Special and Inclusive

Education
This course is designed to equip the pre-service teachers with knowledge and
understanding of the different philosophies, theories, legal bases and policies of special
needs and inclusive education. It includes the study of typical and atypical development
of children, learning characteristics of the students with special educational needs
(gifted and talented learners, learners with difficulty seeing, learners with
difficulty hearing, learners with difficulty communicating, learners with difficulty
walking/moving, learners with difficulty remembering and focusing, learners with
difficulty with self-care) and those in difficult circumstances. Pre-service teachers will
be provided with skills in the selection of variety of different strategies in teaching,
assessing and managing students with special educational needs in the regular class.
They will also be provided with knowledge of policies, guidelines and procedure that
provide safe and secure learning environments, and teaching strategies that are
inclusive of learners from indigenous groups.
The Foundations of Special and
Inclusive Education
• Introduction

Special education (also known as special needs education,

aided education, exceptional education or Special Ed) is the
practice of educating students in a way that addresses
their individual differences and needs. Ideally, this process
involves the individually planned and systematically
monitored arrangement of teaching procedures, adapted
equipment and materials, and accessible settings.
The Foundations of Special and
Inclusive Education
• Introduction

Special education (also known as special needs education,

aided education, exceptional education or Special Ed) is the
practice of educating students in a way that addresses
their individual differences and needs. Ideally, this process
involves the individually planned and systematically
monitored arrangement of teaching procedures, adapted
equipment and materials, and accessible settings.
Objectives of Special Education

•Provide a flexible and individualized support system for children

and youth with special needs in a regular class environment in
schools nearest the student’s home.

•Implement a lifelong curriculum to include early intervention

and parent education, basic education and transition programs on
vocational training or preparation for college.
Objectives of Special Education

• Make available an array educational programs and services:

The Special Education center built on a “school within a school

concept” as the resource center for children and youth with
special needs; inclusive education in regular school, special and
residential schools, home bound instructions, hospital
instructions and community-based programs; alternative modes
of service delivery to reach the advantaged children in far-flung
towns, depressed areas and underserved barangays.
Vision for Children with Special
Needs
• The Department of Education clearly states its vision for
children with special needs in consonance with the
philosophy of inclusive education; thus: “The state,
community and family hold a common vision for the
Filipino child with special needs. By the 21st century, it
is envisioned that he/she could be adequately provided
with basic education. This education should fully realize
his/her potentials productivity and development as well
as being capable of self-expression of his/her right in
society. More importantly, he/she is God loving and
proud of being a Filipino.
What is Special Education?

Special education is form of instruction that

is designed to meet the need of the students
with disabilities, so that they can learn the
same skills and information as other children
in school.
Goal of Special Education
The goal of the special education programs
of the department of education all over the
country is to provide children with special
needs appropriate educational services
within the mainstream of basic education.
The two-pronged goal includes the
development of key strategies on legislation,
human resource development, family
involvement and active participation of
government and non-government
organizations.
Inclusive Education defines…

Inclusive Education is a learning environment

where children with and without disabilities are
taught together, as equals.
The school and classroom operate on the
premise that the students with disabilities are
as fundamentally competent as students
without disabilities. Therefore, all students can
be full participants in their classrooms and in
local school community.
 Scope of Inclusive Education

Inclusive education is both an educational

goal and methodology. It seeks to identify
and dismantle barriers to education for all
children so that they have access to, are
present and participate in and achieve
optimal academic and social outcomes
from school.
Mainstreaming
Mainstreaming means putting your
child with special educational needs in
the general education classroom for
some or most of the day. Your child
may also have some instructions in a
special education classroom.
Inclusion
Inclusion is teaching approach that
focuses on including students with the
school community. It goes beyond
placement in a general education
class. It also aims to have a child
participate in the classroom, lesson
and extracurricular activities.
Integration
Integration refers to exceptional
students being partially taught in a
mainstream classroom. Activities are
adapted so the student can “fit in” with
their mainstream peers while learning
skills that may be better practiced in a
room with more age-appropriate peers.
 IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities
Education Act)

The Individuals with Disabilities

Education Act (IDEA) is a law that
makes available a free appropriate
public education to eligible children with
disabilities throughout the nation and
ensures special education and related
services to those children.
The stated purpose of the IDEA is:
• to ensure that all children with disabilities
have available to them a free appropriate
public education that emphasizes special
education and related services designed to
meet their unique needs and prepare them
for further education, employment, and
independent living;
• to ensure that the rights of children with
disabilities and parents of such children are
protected;
Purposes…

• to assist States, localities, educational

service agencies, and Federal agencies to
provide for the education of all children with
disabilities;

• to assist States in the implementation of a

statewide, comprehensive, coordinated,
multidisciplinary, interagency system of
early intervention services for infants and
toddlers with disabilities and their families;
Purposes…

• to ensure that educators and parents have

the necessary tools to improve educational
results for children with disabilities by
supporting system improvement activities;
coordinated research and personnel
preparation; coordinated technical assistance,
dissemination, and support; and technology
development and media services;

• to assess, and ensure the effectiveness of,

efforts to educate children with disabilities.
 IDEA in the Philippines
Senate Bill (SB) 1298 or the Individuals with
Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) of 2016 aims to
implement “zero-reject policy” in public schools
as the bill mandates all public schools in the
country to have their own SPED (Special
Education) center and program.