ARDUINO

SYNTAX
IF statements In Arduino
• The if statement checks for a condition and executes the following statement or set of statements if the condition is 'true'.
•
Syntax
• if (condition) {
• //statement(s)
• }
•
if (x > 120) digitalWrite(LEDpin, HIGH);
•
if (x > 120)
• digitalWrite(LEDpin, HIGH);
•
if (x > 120) {digitalWrite(LEDpin, HIGH);}
•
if (x > 120) {
• digitalWrite(LEDpin1, HIGH);
• digitalWrite(LEDpin2, HIGH);
• }
IF-ELSE Statement ARDUINO
• The if…​else allows the program to take action whether the condition is met or otherwise. An else clause will be executed if the condition in the if
statement results in false.

• Syntax
• if (condition1) {
• // do Thing A
• }
• else {
• // do Thing B
• }

• Example Code
• if (temperature >= 70) {
• // Danger! Shut down the system.
• :
• }
• else { // temperature < 70
• // Safe! Continue usual tasks.
• :
• }
The if…​elseif...else allows greater control over the flow of code than the basic if statement, by allowing multiple tests to be grouped.

Example Code
if (temperature >= 70) {
// Danger! Shut down the system.
• :
Syntax }
• if (condition1) { else if (temperature >= 60) { // 60
• // do Thing A <= temperature < 70
• } // Warning! User attention
• else if (condition2) { required.
• // do Thing B :
• }
• else { }
• // do Thing C else { // temperature < 60
• } // Safe! Continue usual tasks.
:
}
 • SWITCH-CASE in Arduino

Conditional control structure like IF

compares the value of a variable to the values specified in case statements
If the variable matches a test case, then the statements given below the case are executed
The keyword, break can be given to break out of the structure once a set of statements are executed
Example Code
Syntax switch (var) {
switch (var) { case 1:
case label1: //do something when var equals 1
// statements break;
break; case 2:
case label2: //do something when var equals 2
// statements break;
break; default:
default: // if nothing else matches, do the
// statements default
break; // default is optional
} break;
}
Arrays in Arduino

Creating an Array
All of the methods below are valid ways to create (declare) an array.
int myInts[6]; // elements not mentioned
int myPins[] = {2, 4, 8, 3, 6}; // size not mentioned
int mySensVals[5] = {2, 4, -8, 3, 2}; // both elements and size given
char message[6] = "hello"; // an extra character for null

• Accessing an Array
• Arrays are zero indexed, that is, referring to the array initialization above, the first element of the array is at index 0, hence

• mySensVals[0] == 2, mySensVals[1] == 4, and so forth.

• It also means that in an array with ten elements, index nine is the last element. Hence
• int myArray[10]={9, 3, 2, 4, 3, 2, 7, 8, 9, 11};
• // myArray[9] contains 11
• // myArray[10] is invalid and contains random information (other memory address)
LED ARRAY CIRCUIT-2
• int LedArray [] = {13, 11, 8, 3};
• void setup(){
• for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
• { pinMode(LedArray[i], OUTPUT);
• }
• }
•
void loop() {
• for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
• {
• digitalWrite(LedArray[i], HIGH);
• // LEDs turn on one by one
• delay(500);
• }
• for (int i = 3; i >= 0; i--)
• {
• digitalWrite(LedArray[i], LOW);
• // LEDs turn off one by one
• delay(500);
• }
• }
Code to display a message on the LCD

• // include the library code:

• #include <LiquidCrystal.h>
• // initialize the library with the numbers
• // of the interface pins
• LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2);
• void setup() {
• // set up the LCD's number of columns and rows:
• lcd.begin(16, 2);
• // Print a message to the LCD.
• lcd.print("hello, world!");
• }
Continuation..
• void loop() {
• // set the cursor to column 0, line 1
• // (note: line 1 is the second row, since counting // begins with 0):
• lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
• // print the number of seconds since reset:
• lcd.print(millis() / 1000);
• }