Scribd
Upload
19 views

Modelling 23

The document discusses mathematical modeling of physical systems using differential equations. Mathematical models describe physical systems using equations, which can be linear or nonlinear. A balance must be struck between model simplicity and accuracy. Transfer functions relate the output of a system to the input using Laplace transforms and are represented by ratios of the Laplace transforms.

Uploaded by

Ggfgsgege Gegsgs
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
19 views

Modelling 23

The document discusses mathematical modeling of physical systems using differential equations. Mathematical models describe physical systems using equations, which can be linear or nonlinear. A balance must be struck between model simplicity and accuracy. Transfer functions relate the output of a system to the input using Laplace transforms and are represented by ratios of the Laplace transforms.

Uploaded by

Ggfgsgege Gegsgs
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Mathematical modelling of physical systems

modelling
physical systems mathematical equations
Models are descriptions (representations) of physical systems by
mathematical equations.
The basic models of dynamic physical systems are the differential
equations obtained by applications of appropriate laws of nature.
The equations may be linear or nonlinear depending on the
phenomenon being modeled.
A compromise must be made between the simplicity of the model
and the accuracy of the results of the analysis
Mathematical models may assume many different forms.
Depending on the particular system and particular circumstances,
one mathematical model may be better suited than other models :
Optimal control problems space-state representations
Transient- or frequency response transfer function representations
The transfer function ( TF ):
is the ratio of the Laplace transform of the output (response
function ) to the Laplace transform of the input ( driving function)
with all initial conditions equal zero.
• TF is a property of the system itself.
• TF does not provide any information concerning the
physical structure of the system.
• If TF is unknown , it may be established experimentally
by introducing known inputs and studying the output of the
system.
Transfer Function for a Differential Equation
PROBLEM: Find the transfer function represented by
dc(t)/dt + 2c(t)=r(t)
SOLUTION: Taking the Laplace transform of both sides, assuming zero initial conditions, we
have
sC(s) + 2C(s) = R(s)
The transfer function, G(s), is
G(s) = C(s)/R(s)= 1/( s + 2)

PROBLEM: Find the differential equation corresponding to the transfer function,

SOLUTION:
EXAMPLE
Consider the system with the differential equation dy/dt + 2 y = du/dt + u.
Find Y(s) / U(s).
The Laplace transform version of this equation with all initial values set equal to zero
is (s + 2)Y(s) = (s + l)U(s).
The system transfer function is thus given by P(s) = Y(s)/U(s) = (s + l)/(s + 2).

EXAMPLE
Given P(s) = (2s + l)/(s2 + s + l), find the system differential equation.
The system differential equation is
Electrical Network Transfer Functions

Example
Complex Circuit diagrams
Example:
Find Eo(s)/Ei(s) for the following circuit.
Example
Find Z(s) for the following circuit. All values are in Ω (ohms).
Solution:
We denote the network devices as Z1, Z2, Z3,and Z4 as shown in the other figure.
Homework N2.10
PROBLEM: Given the following network, find using mesh-current
method, the transfer function,
I2(s)/V(s).

Homework: S(SP6.1)
What is the transfer function of a system whose input and output are
related by the following differential equation?

S(SP6.12-----SP6.16)
O(E3.7+ A3.5)
Review Questions
1. What mathematical model permits easy interconnection of physical
systems?
2. To what classification of systems can the transfer function be best applied?
3. What transformation turns the solution of differential equations into
algebraic manipulations?
4. Define the transfer function.
5. What assumption is made concerning initial conditions when dealing with
transfer functions?

ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS


1. Transfer function
2. Linear time-invariant
3. Laplace
4. G(s) = C(s)/R(s), where c(t) is the output and r(t) is the input.
5. Initial conditions are zero

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy