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Unit - 2 Embedded Hardware Design

This document discusses embedded hardware design and components. It covers analog components like resistors, capacitors, diodes, inductors, and operational amplifiers. It also discusses digital components and serial vs parallel input/output. It describes serial transmission schemes and ports like UART, SPI, and I2C. It discusses parallel ports and interfaces. Finally, it briefly discusses electronic design automation tools used in the hardware design process.

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Murali Dhara Sesha Giri Rao Goddanti
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
109 views

Unit - 2 Embedded Hardware Design

This document discusses embedded hardware design and components. It covers analog components like resistors, capacitors, diodes, inductors, and operational amplifiers. It also discusses digital components and serial vs parallel input/output. It describes serial transmission schemes and ports like UART, SPI, and I2C. It discusses parallel ports and interfaces. Finally, it briefly discusses electronic design automation tools used in the hardware design process.

Uploaded by

Murali Dhara Sesha Giri Rao Goddanti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SUBJECT : EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

UNIT – II

EMBEDDED HARDWARE DESIGN

KRISHNA PRASAD SATAMRAJU


ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
ANALOG AND DIGITAL ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS

• Resistors, capacitors, diodes, inductors, operational


amplifiers (OpAmps), transistors, etc. are the commonly
used analog electronic components in embedded hardware
design.
ANALOG ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS

• Resistors (Current Limiting)

• Capacitors (RC Filters)

• Diodes

• PN – Junction

• Schottky Diode

• Zener Diode

• Inductors (H for matching filters)

• Operational Amplifiers (For various circuitry)

• Transistors (Switches)
OPEN COLLECTOR
TRI-STATE
I/O TYPES
• An I/O device can be connected to an embedded board via a wired or
wireless data transmission medium such as a keyboard or remote
control or can be located on the embedded board itself, such as an LED.
• Because I/O devices are so varied, ranging from simple circuits to other
complete embedded systems, board I/O components can fall under one
or more of several different categories, the most common including:
• Networking and communications I/O (the physical layer of the OSI model)
• Input (keyboard, mouse, remote control, vocal, etc.)
• Graphics and output I/O (touch screen, CRT, printers, LEDs, etc.)
• Storage I/O (optical disk controllers, magnetic disk controllers, magnetic tape
controllers, etc.)
• Debugging I/O (BDM, JTAG, serial port, parallel port, etc.)
• Real-time and miscellaneous I/O (timers/counters, analog-to-digital converters and
digital-to-analog converters, key switches, and so on)
SERIAL VS. PARALLEL I/O
• Board I/O that can transmit and receive data in serial is made up of
components in which data (characters) are stored, transferred, and
received one bit at a time.
• Serial I/O hardware is typically made up of some combination of
the six main logical units outlined at the start of the chapter. Serial
communication includes within its I/O subsystem a serial port and a
serial interface
SERIAL TRANSMISSION SCHEMES

Simplex

Half-Duplex

Full -Duplex
ASYNCHRONOUS SERIAL TRANSMISSION
SERIAL PORTS

• Networking and Communications: RS-232, RS85


• SPI
• I2C
• UART
PARALLEL PORTS
• Parallel interfaces manage the parallel data transmission and reception
between the master CPU and either the I/O device or its controller.
• They are responsible for decoding data bits received over the pins of the
parallel port (transmitted from the I/O device) and receiving data being
transmitted from the master CPU, then encoding these data bits onto the
parallel port pins.
• Parallel I/O does have a greater capacity to transmit data than serial I/O,
because multiple bits can be transmitted or received simultaneously.
Examples of board I/O that transfer and receive data in parallel include
• IEEE 1284 controllers (for printer/display I/O device)
• CRT ports
• SCSI (Small Computer Systems Interface) (for storage I/O devices)
• A protocol that can potentially support both parallel and serial I/O is
Ethernet..
HDL BASED VLSI DESIGN PROCESS
ELECTRONIC DESIGN AUTOMATION TOOLS

• Electronic design automation (EDA), also referred to as electronic


computer-aided design (ECAD), is a category of software tools for
designing electronic systems such as integrated circuits and printed
circuit boards.
• The design of a PCBA using ECAD software is a sequential
process, consisting of the following steps:
• Schematic Generation (Capture)
• PCB Layout
• Simulation
• ECAD Integration 
ELECTRONIC DESIGN AUTOMATION TOOLS
• The process of building a PCB was a tedious and time
consuming process in ancient times where the designers
sketch the required connections using pen, pencil and ruler
on papers and the finished sketch was used for etching the
connections on a copper plate and it took weeks and
months time to finish a PCB.

• The more the inter connections involved in the hardware,


the more difficult was the process. The accuracy and
finishing of the PCB was highly dependent on the artistic
skills of the designer.

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