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Research Methods Lecture 2

This document provides an overview of an introductory lecture to research methods. It outlines the course learning outcomes, which include defining research, describing the research process and ethics, and comparing quantitative and qualitative methods. It then reviews the grading scheme and required textbook. The objectives of the lecture are to introduce the six steps of research: identifying a problem, reviewing literature, specifying a purpose, collecting data, analyzing data, and reporting results. It provides details on what each step entails for quantitative and qualitative approaches.

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Dr Arjumand Bilal
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44 views

Research Methods Lecture 2

This document provides an overview of an introductory lecture to research methods. It outlines the course learning outcomes, which include defining research, describing the research process and ethics, and comparing quantitative and qualitative methods. It then reviews the grading scheme and required textbook. The objectives of the lecture are to introduce the six steps of research: identifying a problem, reviewing literature, specifying a purpose, collecting data, analyzing data, and reporting results. It provides details on what each step entails for quantitative and qualitative approaches.

Uploaded by

Dr Arjumand Bilal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Research Methods

BS English
Lecture 1: Introduction to Research Methods
Course Learning Outcomes
• Define research; explain and apply research terms; describe the research process and the principle activities, skills
and ethics associated with the research process.
• Explain the relationship between theory and research.
• Describe and compare the major quantitative and qualitative research methods in English Studies.
• Propose a research study and justify the theory as well as the methodological decisions, including sampling and
measurement.
• Understand the importance of research ethics and integrate research ethics into the research process
• Be able to assess and critique a published journal article that uses one of the primary research methods in the field.
• Use different citation styles accurately.
• Construct an effective research proposal that will serve as the launching point for the study you conduct in the FYP.
Grading Scheme
• Quizzes
• Assignments
• Midterm Exam (25%)
• Final Presentations (10%)
• End-term Exam (40%)
Textbook & Resources
• Creswell, J. (2015) Educational Research – Planning, Conducting, and
Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. (5th Edition).
• Instructor’s Notes.
• Kothari, G. R. (2004) Research Methodology - Methods and
Techniques. 2nd Revised Edition
• Paltridge, B. & Phakiti, A. (2014) Research Methods in Applied
Linguistics.
Lecture 1 : Objectives

• Topic: Introduction to Part I of the textbook.


• An Introduction to Educational Research: Chapter 1
Chapter 1: The Process of Conducting Research Using Quantitative and
Qualitative Approaches

• A Definition of Research and Its Importance


• The Six Steps in the Process of Research
• The Characteristics of Quantitative and Qualitative Research in Each of
the Six Steps
• Important Ethical Issues in Conducting Research
• Skills Needed to Design and Conduct Research
MEANING OF RESEARCH
• Research can be defined as a scientific and systematic search for pertinent
information on a specific topic
• Research is a process of steps used to collect and analyze information to increase
our understanding of a topic or issue.
• At a general level, research consists of three steps:
1. Pose a question
2. Collect data to answer the question
3. Present an answer to the question.
OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH
1. To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights into it
2. To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual,
situation or a group
3. To determine the frequency with which something occurs
4. To have better command over practices.
MOTIVATION IN RESEARCH
1. Desire to get a research degree along with its consequential benefits
2. Desire to face the challenge in solving the unsolved problems
3. Desire to get intellectual joy of doing some creative work
4. Desire to be of service to society
5. Desire to get respect.
The Six Steps in the Process

1. Identifying a research problem


2. Reviewing the literature
3. Specifying a purpose for research
4. Collecting data
5. Analyzing and interpreting the data
6. Reporting and evaluating research
Step 1: Identifying a Research Problem

• Identifying a research problem consists of


a. specifying an issue to study,
b. developing a justification for studying it,
c. and suggesting the importance of the study for select audiences that will read the report
• By specifying a "problem," you limit the subject matter and focus attention on a specific
aspect of study
Step 2: Reviewing the Literature

• This means locating summaries, books, journals, and indexed publications


on a topic,
• Selectively choosing which literature to include in your review,
• and then summarizing the literature in a written report.
Step 3: Specifying a Purpose for
Research
• This consists of identifying the major intent or objective for a study and
narrowing it into specific research questions or hypotheses.
• The purpose statement contains the major focus of the study, the
participants in the study, and the location or site of the inquiry.
• This purpose statement is then narrowed to research questions or
predictions that you plan to answer in your research study
Step 4: Collecting Data

• Collecting data means identifying and selecting individuals for a study,


obtaining their permission to study them, and gathering information by
asking people questions or observing their behaviors.
Step 5: Analyzing & Interpreting the Data
• Analyzing and interpreting the data involves drawing conclusions about it;
representing it in tables, figures, and pictures to summarize it;
• And explaining the conclusions in words to provide answers to your
research questions.
• You report analysis and interpretation in sections of a research report
usually titled "Results," "Findings," or "Discussion."
Step 6: Reporting and Evaluating
Research
• Reporting research involves
a. deciding on audiences,
b. structuring the report in a format acceptable to these audiences,
c. and then writing the report in a manner that is sensitive to all readers.
• Evaluating research involves assessing the quality of a study using
standards advanced by individuals in education
Any Questions?

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