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Basic CRUD Operations, F Unctions, Expressions An D Clauses

The document discusses various SQL concepts including: 1. DDL, DML, queries, clauses, aggregate functions, string functions, GROUP BY, HAVING, and rank functions. 2. It provides examples of WHERE clauses, AND/IN operators, aggregate functions like COUNT and SUM, and GROUP BY clauses. 3. The HAVING clause is used with GROUP BY to return rows where conditions are true, and RANK functions assign ranks to rows within partitions.

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85 views

Basic CRUD Operations, F Unctions, Expressions An D Clauses

The document discusses various SQL concepts including: 1. DDL, DML, queries, clauses, aggregate functions, string functions, GROUP BY, HAVING, and rank functions. 2. It provides examples of WHERE clauses, AND/IN operators, aggregate functions like COUNT and SUM, and GROUP BY clauses. 3. The HAVING clause is used with GROUP BY to return rows where conditions are true, and RANK functions assign ranks to rows within partitions.

Uploaded by

geethanjali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic CRUD operations, F

unctions, Expressions an
d Clauses
Agenda
• DDL,
• DML,
• Query and Operations,
• Clauses,
• Aggregate Functions,
• String Functions,
• GROUP BY,
• Having,
• Rank Functions
DDL
Queries in MySQL
• In relational database management systems, a query is an
y command used to retrieve data from a table.

• In Structured Query Language (SQL), queries are almost a


lways made using the SELECT statement.

• A list of commonly used MySQL queries to create databas


e, use database, create table, insert record, update recor
d, delete record, select record, truncate table
Clauses
• WHERE Clause in MySQL is a keyword used to speci
fy the exact criteria of data or rows that will be affe
cted by the specified SQL statement.

• The WHERE clause can be used with SQL statement


s like INSERT, UPDATE, SELECT, and DELETE to filter r
ecords and perform various operations on the data.
WHERE clause Syntax
SELECT * FROM tableName WHERE condition;
• "SELECT * FROM tableName" is the standard SELECT state
ment

• "WHERE" is the keyword that restricts our select query res


ult set and "condition" is the filter to be applied on the res
ults. The filter could be a range, single value or sub query.
WHERE clause combined with
- AND LOGICAL Operator
• The WHERE condition in MySQL when used together wi
th the AND logical operator, is only executed if ALL filter
criteria specified are met.
WHERE clause combined with
- IN Keyword
• The WHERE clause when used together with the N
OT IN keyword DOES NOT affects the rows whose v
alues matches the list of values provided in the NOT
IN keyword.
• The following query gives rows where membership
_number is NOT 1 , 2 or 3
Aggregate Functions
• MySQL's aggregate function is used to perform calculations
on multiple values and return the result in a single value like
the average of all values, the sum of all values, and maximu
m & minimum value among certain groups of values.

• We mostly use the aggregate functions with SELECT stateme


nts in the data query languages.
Syntax
• function_name (DISTINCT | ALL expression)

• First, we need to specify the name of the aggregate function.

• Second, we use the DISTINCT modifier when we want to calcu


late the result based on distinct values or ALL modifiers when
we calculate all values, including duplicates. The default is ALL
.

• Third, we need to specify the expression that involves column


s and arithmetic operators.
String Functions
• SQL Server has many built-in functions.

• This reference contains string, numeric, date, conversion, a


nd some advanced functions in SQL Server.
Group By
• The MYSQL GROUP BY Clause is used to collect data from
multiple records and group the result by one or more colu
mn. It is generally used in a SELECT statement.

• You can also use some aggregate functions like COUNT, SU


M, MIN, MAX, AVG etc. on the grouped column.
• expression1, expression2, ... expression_n: It specifies the
expressions that are not encapsulated within an aggregat
e function and must be included in the GROUP BY clause.

• aggregate_function: It specifies a function such as SUM, C


OUNT, MIN, MAX, or AVG etc. tables: It specifies the table
s, from where you want to retrieve the records.

• There must be at least one table listed in the FROM claus


e.
Having
• MySQL HAVING Clause is used with GROUP BY clause. It al
ways returns the rows where condition is TRUE.
• aggregate_function: It specifies any one of the aggregate
function such as SUM, COUNT, MIN, MAX, or AVG.
• expression1, expression2, ... expression_n: It specifies the
expressions that are not encapsulated within an aggregat
e function and must be included in the GROUP BY clause.
• WHERE conditions: It is optional. It specifies the condition
s for the records to be selected

• HAVING condition: It is used to restrict the groups of retu


rned rows. It shows only those groups in result set whose
conditions are
Rank Functions
• The RANK() function is a window function that assigns a ra
nk to each row in the partition of a result set.
• The rank of a row is determined by one plus the number of
ranks that come before it
• First, the PARTITION BY clause distributes the rows in the resu
lt set into partitions by one or more criteria.
• Second, the ORDER BY clause sorts the rows in each a partitio
n.
• The RANK() function is operated on the rows of each partition
and re-initialized when crossing each partition boundary.

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