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Test of Hypothesis

The document discusses hypothesis testing of means for different population characteristics like normal/non-normal, finite/infinite, known/unknown variances. It provides examples of hypothesis tests for the mean using z-tests when the population is normal and infinite with known variance, and t-tests when the population is normal but finite or with unknown variance. The examples test hypotheses about the means of samples of heights, weights of copper wires, and daily sales at a restaurant.

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themanishgaur
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395 views

Test of Hypothesis

The document discusses hypothesis testing of means for different population characteristics like normal/non-normal, finite/infinite, known/unknown variances. It provides examples of hypothesis tests for the mean using z-tests when the population is normal and infinite with known variance, and t-tests when the population is normal but finite or with unknown variance. The examples test hypotheses about the means of samples of heights, weights of copper wires, and daily sales at a restaurant.

Uploaded by

themanishgaur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Test of Hypothesis

HYPOTHESES TESTING OF MEAN

Population normal,
Population infinite,
Sample size may be
large or small but z = [X - µHo] / [σp/ √n]
variance of the
population is known
Population normal,
Population finite,
Sample size may z = [X - µHo] / {[σp/ √n] * [√(N-n) / (N-1)]}

be large or small
but variance of the
population is
known
QUESTION
A smaple of 400 male students is found to have height 67.47 inches. Can it be reasonable
regarded as a sample from a large population with mean height 67.39 inches and standard
deviation 1.30 inches? Test at 5% level of significance.

Sol. Ho : µHo = 67.39 [ null hypotheses that the mean height of the population is equal to
67.39 inches]
Ha : µHo ‡ 67.39
X = 67.47, σp = 1.30 inches, n=400
z = [X - µHo] / [σp/ √n] = 1.231
As Ha is two sided in the given question, we shall be applying a two tailed test for
determining the rejection region at 5% level of significance which comes to as under,
using normal curve area
R : |Z| > 1.96
The observed value of z which is in the acceptance region since R : |Z| > 1.96 and thus Ho is
accepted.
We may conclude that the given sample can be regarded to have been taken from a
population with mean height 67.39.
Population normal,
Population infinite, t = [X - µHo] / [σs/ √n]
sample size small
With degree of freedom = n-1
but variance of the
population is
σs = √{(Xi-X)2 /(n - 1)}
unknown
Population normal,
t = [X - µHo] / {[σs/ √n] * [√(N-n) / (N-1)]}
Population finite,
sample size small With degree of freedom = n-1
but variance of the
population is σs = √{(Xi-X)2 /(n - 1)}
unknown
Question
Eg. The specimen of copper wires drawn from a large lot
have the following breaking strength [in kg weight] 578,
572, 570, 568, 572, 578, 570, 512, 596, 544 Test whether the
mean breaking strength of the lot may be taken to be
578kg weight. Test at 5% level of significance.

Sol. Ho : µ = µHo = 578


Ha : µ ‡ µHo
As the sample size is small (n=10) and the population standard
deviation is not known
t = [X - µHo] / [σs/ √n] with degree of freedom = n-1
S. No. Xi (Xi – X) (Xi – X)2
1 578 6 36
2 572 0 0
3 570 -2 4
4 568 -4 16
5 572 0 0
6 578 6 36
7 570 -2 4
8 572 0 0
9 596 24 576
10 544 - 28 784
5720 1456
t = - 1.488
with degree of freedom = (n-1) = (10 – 1) = 9

As Ha is two sided, we shall determined the rejection


regions applying two tailed test at 5% level of
significance and it comes to as under, using table of t
distribution for 9 d.f
R : |t| > 2.262
As the observation value of t (ie – 1.488) is in the
acceptance region, we accept Ho at 5% level of
significance.
Assignment
Q1. Suppose we are interested in a population of 20 industrial units of the same
size , all of which are experiencing excessive labour turnover problems. The
past records shows that the mean of the distribution of annual turnover is
320 employees, with a SD of 75 employees. A sample of 5 of these
industrial units is taken at random which gives a mean of annual turnover as
300 employees. Is the sample mean consistent with the population mean?
Test at 5% level.

Q2. Raju restaurant near the railway station at Falna has been having average
sales of 500 tea cups per day. Because of the development of bus stand
nearby, it expects to increase its sales. During the 1st 12 days after the start
of the bus stand, daily sales were as under:
550, 570, 490, 615, 505, 580, 570, 460, 600, 580, 530, 526
On the basis of this sample information, can one conclude that Raju Restaurant’s
sales have increased? Use 5% level of significance.

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