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Fibonacci Sequence

Leonardo Pisano Bigollo, known as Fibonacci, discovered the Fibonacci sequence where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones. This sequence appears throughout nature, from plant growth to pinecone scales. The ratio of successive Fibonacci numbers approaches the Golden Ratio of 1.618034, which has aesthetic and structural significance. Any Fibonacci number can be calculated using the Golden Ratio and the powers of the number's place in the sequence.

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Haziq Shaf
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708 views

Fibonacci Sequence

Leonardo Pisano Bigollo, known as Fibonacci, discovered the Fibonacci sequence where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones. This sequence appears throughout nature, from plant growth to pinecone scales. The ratio of successive Fibonacci numbers approaches the Golden Ratio of 1.618034, which has aesthetic and structural significance. Any Fibonacci number can be calculated using the Golden Ratio and the powers of the number's place in the sequence.

Uploaded by

Haziq Shaf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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+ - / x

BY:-
MUHAMMAD HAZIQ BIN SHAFEEE
AHMAD NATSIR ALQALAMI BIN ABDUL HALIM

Leonardo Pisano Bigollo ,known commonly as
Fibonacci ,born in Pisa around 1170 AD. He is
known for the Fibonacci sequences.

The Fibonacci numbers are Nature's
numbering system. They appear everywhere in
Nature, from the leaf arrangement in plants, to
the pattern of the florets of a flower, the bracts
of a pinecone, or the scales of a pineapple. The
Fibonacci numbers are therefore applicable to
the growth of every living thing, including a
single cell, a grain of wheat, a hive of bees, and
even all of mankind.

The Fibonacci Sequence is the series of numbers:-
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, ...

The next number is found by adding up the two
numbers before it.

The 2 is found by adding the two numbers before it
(1+1)

Similarly, the 3 is found by adding the two numbers
before it (1+2), And the 5 is (2+3), and so on!


It is also worthwhile to mention that
we have 8 fingers in total, 5 digits on
each hand, 3 bones in each
finger, 2 bones in 1 thumb,
and 1 thumb on each hand.


Branching plants also exhibit Fibonacci
numbers. Again, this design provides the
best physical accommodation for the
number of branches, while maximizing sun
exposure.
An approximation of thegolden
spiral created by drawing circular arcs
connecting the opposite corners of squares
in the Fibonacci tiling; this one uses squares
of sizes 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, and 34.
The Rule
The Fibonacci Sequence can be written as a "Rule

First, the terms are numbered from 0 onwards like this:-





So term number 6 is called x
6
(which equals 8).

Example 1:-
the 8th term is the 7th term plus the 6th term:-
x
8
= x
7
+ x
6

So we can write the rule as:-
x
n
= x
n-1
+ x
n-2






n
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
xn
0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21
where:
x
n
is term number "n"
x
n-1
is the previous term (n-1)
x
n-2
is the term before that (n-2)


Example 2:-
Term 9 (x
9)
would be calculated like this:-
x
9
= x
9-1
+ x
9-2
= x
8
+ x
7
= 21 + 13 = 34

Thus it is proven that Fibonacci sequence formula can be
generally written as:-
x
n
= x
n-1
+ x
n-2



The Golden Ratio
And here is a surprise. If you take any two successive (one after the
other)Fibonacci Numbers, their ratio is very close to the Golden Ratio ""
which is approximately 1.618034...
In fact, the bigger the pair of Fibonacci Numbers, the closer the
approximation. Let us try a few:-



=



Note: this also works if you pick two random whole numbers to begin the
sequence, such as 192 and 16 (you would get the sequence 192, 16, 208, 224,
432, 656, 1088, 1744, 2832, 4576, 7408, 11984, 19392, 31376, ...)
A B
2 3
3 5
5 8
8 13
B/A
1.5
1.667
1.6
1.625
Golden Ratio Formula
And even more surprising is that we can calculate any Fibonacci
Number using the Golden Ratio:-

xn = y (to the power of n) (1-y) (to the power of n
5
The answer always comes out as a whole number, exactly equal to the
addition of the previous two terms.
Example:-


When I used a calculator on this (only entering the Golden Ratio to 6
decimal places) I got the answer 8.00000033. A more accurate calculation
would be closer to 8.

A Pattern
Here is the Fibonacci sequence again:-





There is an interesting pattern:
Look at the number x
3
= 2. Every 3rd number is a multiple of 2 (2, 8, 34, 144,
610, ...)
Look at the number x
4
= 3. Every 4th number is a multiple of 3 (3, 21, 144, ...)
Look at the number x
5
= 5. Every 5th number is a multiple of 5 (5, 55, 610, ...)
And so on (every nth number is a multiple of x
n
).









n 0 1 2 3 4 5
xn

0 1 1 2 3 5
Terms Below Zero
The sequence works below zero also, like this:-






In fact the sequence below zero has the same numbers as the sequence
above zero, except they follow a +-+- ... pattern. It can be written like this:-

x
n
= (1)
n+1
x
n

Which says that term "-n" is equal to (1)
n+1
times term "n", and the
value (1)
n+1
neatly makes the correct 1,-1,1,-1,... pattern.

n -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0

xn

-8 5 -3 2 -1 1 0

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