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Structure and Function of Haemoglobin

Haemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues back to the lungs. It is composed of haem and globin subunits synthesized separately and later combined. Abnormalities in haemoglobin structure or composition can impair oxygen delivery, resulting in anaemia and reduced oxygen supply to tissues.

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Structure and Function of Haemoglobin

Haemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues back to the lungs. It is composed of haem and globin subunits synthesized separately and later combined. Abnormalities in haemoglobin structure or composition can impair oxygen delivery, resulting in anaemia and reduced oxygen supply to tissues.

Uploaded by

Sonam Joshi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Structure and function of Haemoglobin

Dr. Tariq M Roshan Department of Hematology PPSP

Introduction

The main function of red blood cell


Transfer of O2 from lungs to tissue Transfer of CO2 from tissue to lungs

To accomplish this function red cells has haemoglobin (Hb) Each red cell has 640 million molecules of Hb

Introduction

Haemoglobin (Hb), protein constituting 1/3 of the red blood cells Synthesis begins in proerythroblast
65% at erythroblast stage 35% at reticulocyte stage

Two parts
Haem Globin

Synthesis of Haemoglobin (Hb)

Haem & globin produced at two different sites in the cells


Haem in mitochondria Globin in polyribosomes

Well synchronized

Synthesis of Haemoglobin

Synthesis of Haem

Protoporphyrin ring with an iron atom in centre The main site is mitochondria as it contains ALAS

Mature red cell does not contain mitochondria

Structure of Haem

Synthesis of globin

Synthesis of globin

Various types of globin combines with haem to from different haemoglobin Eight functional globin chains, arranged in two clusters the
b- cluster (b, g, d and e globin genes) on the short arm of chromosome 11 a- cluster (a and z globin genes) on the short arm of chromosome 16

Globin gene clusters

Synthesis of globin
Globin synthesis, starts at 3rd week of gestation Embryonic Haemoglobin Gower I ( z2e2) Haemoglobin Portland ( z2g2) Haemoglobin Gower II (a2e2) Fetal : HbF (a2g2), HbA (a2b2) Adult : HbA, HbA2 ( a2d2), HbF.

Globin chain switch

Alpha & beta chains

Adult haemoblobin
Hb A Hb A2 a2d2 1.5-3.2 % Hb F

structure

a2b2 96-98 %

a2g2 0.5-0.8 %

Normal %

Functions of Haemoglobin
Oxygen delivery to the tissues Reaction of Hb & oxygen

Oxygenation not oxidation One Hb can bind to four O2 molecules Less than .01 sec required for oxygenation b chain move closer when oxygenated When oxygenated 2,3-DPG is pushed out b chains are pulled apart when O2 is unloaded, permitting entry of 2,3-DPG resulting in lower affinity of O2

Oxy & deoxyhaemoglobin

Oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve

O2 carrying capacity of Hb at different Po2 Sigmoid shape


Binding of one molecule facilitate the second molecule binding P 50 (partial pressure of O2 at which Hb is half saturated with O2) 26.6mmHg

Hb-oxygen dissociation curve

Hb-oxygen dissociation curve

The normal position of curve depends on


Concentration of 2,3-DPG H+ ion concentration (pH) CO2 in red blood cells Structure of Hb

Hb-oxygen dissociation curve

Right shift (easy oxygen delivery)


High 2,3-DPG High H+ High CO2 HbS

Left shift (give up oxygen less readily)


Low 2,3-DPG HbF

Summary

Normal structure including the proportion of globin chains are necessary for the normal function of haemoglobin

Reduced haemoglobin in the red blood cells due to any abnormality of any of its constituents result into a clinical situation called anaemia
Metabolic & other abnormalities result into abnormal oxygen supply to the tissue

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