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9th Grade Computer Science a) Statistical analysis

b) Predictive analysis
Unit 4: Data and Analysis
c) Graphical analysis
Exercise d) Deep learning

Q.1 Select the suitable answer for the following

Multiple-choice questions. vi. _________________ is the fast rate at
which data is received and acted on.
a) Volume
i. ____________ is a structured or b) Velocity
processed collection of data usually c) Variety
associated with a unique body of work. d) Vision
a) Database vii. ___________ includes the data which
b) By Dataset can only take certain values and cannot
c) Data and Information be further subdivided into smaller units.
d) Information a) Discrete data
ii. ____________ refers to the process of b) Continuous data
carefully examining and studying data c) Ordinal data
to identify patterns, draw conclusions, d) Referral data
or make the data meaningful. viii. _____________ is limitation of big data.
a) Data analytics a) Statistical data
b) Data Predictions b) Unlimited growth of data
c) Dataset c) Data visualization
d) Database d) Predictive maintenance
iii. ________________ is the graphical ix. Customer satisfaction level such as
representation of data through use of satisfied, dissatisfied, and neutral are
common charts, plots, infographics, and examples of ________ data type.
animations. a) Ordinal data
a) Data cleaning b) Continuous data
b) Missing values c) Numeric data
c) Data visualization d) Discrete data
d) Data hiding x. ______________ is a method of
iv. ______________ is subset of Machine collecting information from individuals.
learning, with emphasis on the a. Survey
simulation or imitation of human b. Data hiding
brain’s behaviour by using artificial c. Data visualization
neural networks. d. Data finding
a) Data visualization
b) Computer vision
c) Deep learning
d) Big Data
v. _________________ is the use of data to
predict future trends and events based
on historical data.

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Give Short answers to the following short Providing insights for

response questions (SRQs). Making Better informed decision-
Decisions making
1) Define data analytics and data science.
Identifying
Are they similar or different? Give
inefficiencies and
reason.
Saving Money reducing costs
Answer: Creating effective
marketing campaigns
Data analytics Data science
Personalizing based on customer
Definition
Marketing preferences
The process of
Analyzing patterns to
examining data to find The field that uses data
detect and prevent
trends and answer to create models and
Detecting Fraud fraudulent activities
questions. predict future outcomes.
Similarities
Both involve working with data to gain insights. 3) Database is useful in the field of data
Both require knowledge of statistics and data science. Defend this statement.
visualization. Answer: Databases are very useful in data science
Differences because they store and organize large amounts of
Focuses on analysing Involves creating models data.
historical data to inform to predict future
Benefit Description
current decisions. outcomes and solve
complex problems using Stores large amounts
advanced techniques. of data in an organized
Storage way
Reason
Allows quick retrieval
Data analytics is more about understanding past data,
Efficiency of data
while data science is about using data to predict and
Maintains data
create future solutions. They are related but serve
accuracy and
different purposes.
Accuracy consistency
Protects sensitive data
2) Can you relate how data science is from unauthorized
helpful in solving business problems? Security access
Combines data from
Answer:
different sources for
Benefit Description comprehensive
Analyzing customer Integration analysis
behaviour to create Handles increasing
Understanding better products and amounts of data as the
Customers services Scalability business grows
Finding popular
features and areas for
4) Compare machine learning and deep
Improving Products improvement
learning, in the context of formal &
informal education.

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Answer: iii. Satellite Images: Pictures taken from

space that show us what different parts of
Deep
the Earth look like, useful for weather
Machine Learning Learning
forecasts and maps.
Aspect (ML) (DL)
Specialized 6) Differentiate between database and
Structured courses, courses, dataset.
Formal part of broader higher
Answer:
Education programs education
Master’s Feature Database Dataset
University courses, programs, A collection of
online specialized organized data A collection of
Examples certifications. workshops. stored and related data,
Online tutorials, Self-study, accessed often in a single
coding practice, online Definition electronically. file or table.
Informal community courses, real- Contains multiple Usually, a single
Education projects world projects tables, each with table or file with
Online rows and rows and
courses (like Structure columns. columns.
YouTube tutorials, Coursera), Used to store,
coding bootcamps, GitHub manage, and Used for
Kaggle projects, retrieve large analysis,
Examples competitions. online forums. amounts of data research, or
Purpose efficiently. specific tasks.
School’s student A CSV file with
5) What is meant by sources of data? Give
information student test
three sources of data excluding those
Example system. scores.
mentioned in the book.
More complex, Simpler, usually
Answer: can handle large focused on a
and varied types specific type of
Sources of data are places or methods from
Complexity of data. data.
which we collect information. This information
can be used to learn new things, make decisions,
or solve problems. 7) Argue about the trends, outliers, and
distribution of values in a data set?
Here are three sources of data not mentioned in
Describe.
your book:
Answer:
i. Social Media: Websites and apps like
Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram where i. Trends
people share posts, photos, and comments.
• Definition: Trends are patterns or
ii. Smart Devices: Gadgets like directions in which data points move over
smartwatches, fitness trackers, and home time.
assistants that collect data about our
• Example: If you track your grades over
activities and environment.
the school year and notice they are

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generally improving, that’s a positive 9) Express big data in your own words.
trend. Explain three V’s of big data with
reference to email data. (Hint: An email
ii. Outliers
box that contains hundreds of emails)
• Definition: Outliers are data points that
Answer: Big Data refers to extremely large sets
are significantly different from the rest of
of data that are too complex to be handled by
the data.
traditional data-processing software. It involves
• Example: If most of your test scores are collecting, storing, and analysing vast amounts of
between 70 and 90, but one score is 30, information to uncover patterns, trends, and
that 30 is an outlier. insights.

iii. Distribution of Values Three V’s of Big Data with Reference to Email
Data:
• Definition: Distribution shows how data
points are spread out across different Example with
values. V’s Description Email Data
The amount of data.
• Example: If you look at the heights of
Big data involves An email inbox
students in your class, the distribution
huge volumes of with thousands of
might show that most students are around
Volume data. emails.
5 feet tall, with fewer students being much
The speed at which Receiving
shorter or taller.
data is generated and hundreds of
8) Why are summary statistics needed? Velocity processed. emails every day.
Emails can
Answer: Summary statistics are important
contain text,
because they help us understand and interpret data
The different types attachments (like
quickly and easily.
of data. Big data documents,
i. Simplify Data: They reduce large amounts comes in various images), and
of data into simple numbers, making it Variety formats. links.
easier to understand.
Example: Instead of looking at all test
scores, you can just look at the average 10) Illustrate the purpose of data storage?
score. Answer: Data storage is the process of saving
ii. Identify Patterns: They help us see information so it can be used later.
patterns or trends in the data. i. Keep Information Safe: It helps to
Example: By looking at the average protect important information from being
scores over time, you can see if your lost.
grades are improving. Example: Saving your school projects on
iii. Compare Data: They allow us to compare a computer so you don’t lose them.
different sets of data. ii. Easy Access: It allows you to quickly find
Example: You can compare the average and use the information when you need it.
scores of two different classes to see which Example: Storing your photos on your
one performed better. phone so you can look at them anytime.

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iii. Organize Data: It helps to keep Give Long answers to the following extended
information organized and easy to manage. response questions (ERQs).
Example: Using folders on your computer
to organize your homework by subject.
1) Sketch the key concepts of data science
in your own words.

Answer: Key Concepts of Data Science

i. Data Collection:

Definition: Gathering information from various

sources.
Example: Collecting survey responses from
students about their favourite subjects.

ii. Data Cleaning:

Definition: Removing errors and organizing data

to make it usable.
Example: Fixing typos in survey responses and
removing duplicate entries.

iii. Data Analysis:

Definition: Examining data to find patterns and
insights.
Example: Analyzing survey responses to see
which subject is the most popular.

iv. Data Visualization:

Definition: Creating charts and graphs to
represent data visually.
Example: Making a bar chart to show the number
of students who like each subject.
v. Machine Learning:

Definition: Using algorithms to make predictions

or decisions based on data.
Example: Predicting which subject a new student
might like based on their interests.

vi. Data Storage:

Definition: Saving data in a way that it can be
easily accessed and used later.
Example: Storing survey responses in a database

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2) Develop your own thinking on the ii. Education

various data types used in data science.
Application: Schools use big data to improve
Answer: teaching methods and student performance.
Example: Analyzing student test scores to
Type of Data Subtype Definition Example
identify areas where students need more help.
Types of
fruits iii. Transportation
Categorized (apple,
Application: Big data helps manage traffic and
Nominal but not banana,
improve public transportation.
Data ordered. cherry).
Example: GPS systems use big data to provide
Movie
real-time traffic updates and suggest the fastest
ratings
routes.
(poor,
average, iv. Business
Qualitative Ordinal Categorized good,
Application: Companies use big data to
Data Data and ordered. excellent).
understand customer preferences and improve
Can only products.
take certain Number of Example: Online stores analyze customer
values, students in
purchase history to recommend products.
usually a class
Discrete whole (20, 25, v. Agriculture
Data numbers. 30). Application: Farmers use big data to monitor crop
Temperatu health and improve yields.
re Example: Using sensors and data analysis to
Can take readings determine the best time to plant and harvest crops.
any value (23.5°C,
Quantitative Continuous within a 24.1°C,
Data Data range. 25.0°C). 4) Relate the advantages and challenges of
big data?

Answer:
3) Compare how big data is applicable to Advantages of Big Data
various fields of life. Illustrate your
answer with suitable examples. i. Better Decision Making:

Answer: Description: Big data helps organizations make

more informed decisions by analyzing large
Big data is used in many fields to help make amounts of information.
better decisions and improve services. Example: Companies can use big data to
i. Healthcare understand customer preferences and improve
their products.
Application: Big data helps doctors and hospitals
keep track of patient records and health trends. ii. Improved Efficiency:
Example: Using big data, doctors can predict Description: Big data can streamline operations
disease outbreaks and provide better treatments. and make processes faster and more efficient.

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Example: Hospitals can use big data to manage ii. Data Analysis:
patient records and reduce waiting times.
Definition: Examining the collected data to find
iii. Innovation: patterns and insights.
Example: Analyzing patient data to predict
Description: Big data can lead to new ideas and
disease outbreaks.
innovations by revealing patterns and trends.
Example: Researchers can use big data to iii. Data Storage:
discover new treatments for diseases.
Definition: Storing the collected data in a secure
Challenges of Big Data and organized way.
Example: Using electronic health records (EHR)
i. Data Privacy:
systems to store patient information.
Description: Protecting personal information is a
Applications in Healthcare
major concern with big data.
Example: Companies must ensure that customer i. Predicting Disease Outbreaks:
data is secure and not misused.
How It Works: By analyzing data from hospitals
ii. High Costs: and clinics, data scientists can predict where and
when disease outbreaks might happen.
Description: Storing and processing large
Example: During the COVID-19 pandemic, data
amounts of data can be expensive.
science helped predict hotspots and manage
Example: Businesses need to invest in advanced
resources effectively.
technology and infrastructure to handle big data.
ii. Personalized Treatment Plans:
iii. Complexity:
How It Works: Data from patients’ medical
Description: Managing and analyzing big data
histories is analyzed to create treatment plans
requires specialized skills and tools.
tailored to individual needs.
Example: Organizations need data scientists and
Example: Cancer treatment plans are customized
advanced software to make sense of big data.
based on the patient’s genetic information and
response to previous treatments.

5) Design a case study about how data iii. Improving Patient Care:
science and big data has revolutionized
How It Works: Big data helps monitor patient
the field of healthcare.
health in real-time, allowing for quicker responses
Answer: Data science and big data have brought to health issues.
significant changes to healthcare, making it more Example: Wearable devices like smartwatches
efficient and effective. track heart rates and alert doctors if there are any
irregularities.
Key Concepts
Advantages
i. Data Collection:
i. Better Decision Making:
Definition: Gathering large amounts of health-
related data from various sources. Description: Doctors can make more informed
Example: Collecting patient records, lab results, decisions based on data analysis.
and medical images. Example: Choosing the best treatment option for
a patient based on their medical history.

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ii. Cost Reduction:

Description: Efficient data management reduces

healthcare costs.
Example: Preventing hospital readmissions by
monitoring patients remotely.
iii. Enhanced Research:

Description: Researchers can use big data to find

new treatments and cures.
Example: Discovering new drugs by analyzing
large datasets of medical research.

Challenges

i. Data Privacy:

Description: Ensuring patient data is kept secure

and confidential.
Example: Protecting electronic health records
from unauthorized access.

ii. High Costs:

Description: Implementing big data technologies

can be expensive.
Example: Investing in advanced data storage and
analysis tools.

iii. Complexity:

Description: Managing and analyzing big data

requires specialized skills.
Example: Hiring data scientists and training
healthcare staff to use new technologies.

Unit 4 Prepared by Mughis Raza Data & Analysis