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HomeWork3

The document provides an overview of computer languages, including binary code, ASCII, and various programming languages such as Python, Java, JavaScript, and C++. It explains key concepts such as algorithms, variables, and program structure, and introduces Scratch as a visual programming environment for creating interactive stories and games. Additionally, it includes links to resources and videos for further learning.

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jvarona008
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2 views

HomeWork3

The document provides an overview of computer languages, including binary code, ASCII, and various programming languages such as Python, Java, JavaScript, and C++. It explains key concepts such as algorithms, variables, and program structure, and introduces Scratch as a visual programming environment for creating interactive stories and games. Additionally, it includes links to resources and videos for further learning.

Uploaded by

jvarona008
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HOMEWORK 3

PROGRAMMING

Jose Varona San Pablo 1ºEE


1. Computer languages

Binary code
Represents text, computer processor instructions, or any other data
that uses a two-symbol system. The two symbol system used is usually
"0" and "1" of the binary number system. Binary code assigns a pattern
of binary digits, also known as bits, to each character, instruction, and
so on. For example, an eight-bit binary string can represent any of 256
possible values, and therefore can represent a wide variety of items.

ASCII code
American Standard Code for Information
Interchange is a character code based on
the Latin alphabet, as used in modern
English.

Computer programmes
Is a collection of instructions that can be executed by a computer to
perform a specific task.
Usually written by a computer programmer in a programming
language.
From the program in its human-readable form of source code,
a compiler or assembler can derive machine code a form consisting of
instructions that the computer can directly execute.
Computer programs may be categorized along functional lines, such
as application software and system software. The underlying method
used for some calculation or manipulation is known as an algorithm.

Code-breaking algorithms have existed for centuries. In the 9th


century, the Arab mathematician Al-Kindi described
a cryptographic algorithm for deciphering encrypted code

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IP5s13qEB4A

Programming languages
Is a formal language comprising a set of instructions that produce
various kinds of output.
Programming languages and computer coding have made life simpler
for us. Whether it’s automobiles, banks, appliances... every aspect of
our lives depends on codes. No wonder, coding is one of the core skills
required by most well-paying jobs today.

Python can be used for web and desktop applications, GUI-based


desktop applications, machine learning, data science, and network
servers. The programming language enjoys immense community
support and offers several open-source
libraries, frameworks, and modules that
make application development a cakewalk.
For example, Python offers Django and
Flask,

Java is a practical choice for developing Android apps as it


can be used to create highly functional programs and
platforms.

Doesn’t require a specific hardware infrastructure, is easily


manageable, and has a good level of security. It’s easier to
learn Java in comparison to languages such as C and C++.

JavaScript (also known as NodeJS) is a popular


language among developers who need to work on
server-side and client-side programming. It supports
several other programming languages, allowing you
to create animations, configure buttons, and manage
multimedia.

Due to its high speed and regular annual updates, JavaScript is a


definite hit in the IT domain. Companies like Netflix, Uber, PayPal... use
JavaScript to create dynamic web pages

C ++ is a general-purpose programming language created


by Bjarne Stroustrup as an extension to the C programming
language. Modern C ++ now has functional, generic, and
object-oriented features, as well as facilities for low-level
memory manipulation.
Algorithms
Is a finite sequence of well-defined, computer-implementable
instructions, typically to solve a class of problems or to perform a
computation. Algorithms are always unambiguous and are used as
specifications for performing calculations, data processing, automated
reasoning, and other tasks.
In algorithms there are always to be variables, that help in the task of
many values that you would use.
https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-
science/algorithms/intro-to-algorithms/v/what-are-algorithms

Variables
It is made up of a space in the storage system (main memory of a
computer) and a symbolic name (an identifier) that is associated with
said space. That space contains a known or unknown amount of
information, that is, a value.
To give a value, it is placed next to the word giving the value that you
want. For example Radius=5

Structure of a programme
One of the most common type of structure are:

Actions: programme executes a direct activity; carry out by a direct


instruction.
Processes: understand the actions and start from the begging and
finish when it reaches the end
Function: it’s used when a mathematical formula is programmed. It’ll
send back the result and applied later on the programme.
Decision: when the programme has to chose into 2 options
(dichotomous decision) or more (decision tree).
• Unconditional Loop: The number of repetition known in
advance or repetition is infinite.
• Conditional Loop: computation continues indefinitely until the
logical condition is true.

Flow diagrams to represent algorithms


A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents
a workflow or process. A flowchart can also be
defined as a diagrammatic representation of
an algorithm, a step-by-step approach to solving a
task.
2. Programming with Scratch
Introducing to programming with Scratch
Is a computer programming language that let’s you create your own
interactive stories, animations, gams...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JcOcxKWgnps (from min 1:57
until 2:20)

Scratch environment
Scratch is a visual programming environment that allows users to
learn computer programming.

• Menu bar
• Stage area: where you see the graphic effects produced while
programming
• Sprites area: where you see the characters you chose.
• Command and instruction area: where you see how all the
instructions you can make the programme is found in this
column. You also have Costumes (different appearances of the
active character) and Sound
• Programming area: where the programme is composed.

Stage area Menu bar

Sprites area Command and


instruction area Programming area
Here I try to do my own game that it’s about a cat that start from the
red and finish in the green.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QXru0rSV2ZQ

I found a video showing who to do a simple game in scratch, where I


could see all the things that you need to do to create a simple game in
this app.
Sources:
1.Computer languages:
https://theasciicode.com.ar/
https://www.computer.org/publications/tech-
news/trends/programming-languages-you-should-learn-in-2020
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_programming_languages
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(programaci%C3%B3n)#:~:te
xt=En%20programaci%C3%B3n%2C%20una%20variable%20est%C
3%A1,desconocida%2C%20es%20decir%20un%20valor.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowchart

2.Programming with scratch:


https://web.media.mit.edu/~jmaloney/papers/ScratchLangAndEnvir
onment.pdf

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