Solved Problems for Chapter 9

References:
Chapter 2:
Shanti, N., & Mittal, P. K. (2007). Analytical solid geometry. S. Chand Publishing.
https://books.google.lk/books?id=YE0u3yjl9bUC
 Example 01:

• Find the equation of the plane which makes intercepts 2,3, −4 on the axis.

• Solution:

𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
• The equation of the plane is + − = 1.
2 3 4

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 Example 02:

• Find the intercepts made by the plane 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 − 18 = 0 on the axes.

• Solution:

𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
• The equation of the plane can be written as + + = 1.
18 −9 6

• Therefore on the x,y and z axes are 18,-9,6 respectively.

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 Example 03:
Find the equation of the plane passing through 0,2,4 , 3,1,1 and 2,0, −1 .
Solution:
The equation of the plane is
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 1
0 2 4 1
= 0.
3 1 1 1
2 0 −1 1
2 4 1 0 4 1 0 2 1 0 2 4
𝑥 1 1 1 −𝑦 3 1 1 +𝑧 3 1 1 − 3 1 1 =0
0 −1 1 2 −1 1 2 0 1 2 0 −1
𝑥 − 9𝑦 + 4𝑧 + 2 = 0 .
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 Example 04
• Express the equation of the plane 2𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 3𝑧 + 5 = 0 in the normal form and hence obtain
the perpendicular distance from the origin in upon the plane.

• Solution:

• Here 22 + 62 + −3 2 = 7 and the constant term is 5.

• Dividing each term of the given equation by −7 , the required normal form is
2 6 3 5
− 𝑥− 𝑦+ 𝑧=
7 7 7 7
5
• Perpendicular distance from the origin is .
7
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 Example 06
Find the equations of three planes through the points (3,1,1), (1, −2,3) parallel to the co-ordinate
axes.
(i) Let the given equation of the plane parallel to x-axis is 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐𝑧 + 𝑑 = 0. If it passes through given points, then we have
𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑑 = 0 and −2𝑏 + 3𝑐 + 𝑑 = 0.
2 3
From these relations, we get 𝑏 = − 𝑑 and 𝑐 = − 𝑑.
5 5

Therefore, the required equation is 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 − 5 = 0.

(ii) Let the given equation of the plane parallel to y-axis is 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑐𝑧 + 𝑑 = 0. If it passes through given points, then we have
3𝑎 + 𝑐 + 𝑑 = 0 and 𝑎 + 3𝑧 + 𝑑 = 0.
1 1
From these relations, we get 𝑎 = − 𝑑 and 𝑐 = − 𝑑.
4 4

Therefore, the required equation is 𝑥 + 𝑧 − 4 = 0.

(iii) Let the given equation of the plane parallel to z-axis is 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑑 = 0. If it passes through given points, then we have
3𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑑 = 0 and 𝑎 + 3𝑏 + 𝑑 = 0.
3 2
From these relations, we get 𝑎 = − 𝑑 and 𝑐 = 𝑑.
7 7

Therefore, the required equation is 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 7 = 0.

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 Example 08
Find the distances of 2,3,4 from the planes 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 5𝑧 + 7 = 0 and 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 5𝑧 − 8 = 0.

Solution:

The distance of 2,3,4 from 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 5𝑧 + 7 = 0 is

3∙2+4∙3+5∙4+7 45 9
= = =6.3639.
32 +4 2 +52 50 2

The distance of 2,3,4 from 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 5𝑧 − 8 = 0 is

2∙2−3∙3+5∙4−8 7
= .
22 +32 +52 38

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 Example 09
Find the angle between the planes
2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3𝑧 + 7 = 0

and
𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 3𝑧 + 8 = 0

Solution:

2∙1+ −1 ∙ −2 +3∙ −3 5
Angle between the planes = cos −1 = cos −1 − =
22 + −1 2 +32 12 + −2 2+ −3 2 14

cos −1 (0.357).

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Example 13
Find the equation of the plane passing through the point 2,5, −8
and perpendicular to each of the planes 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 + 1 = 0 and
4𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑧 + 6 = 0.
Solution:
Solution:
LetThe
theequation
equationof through
a plane 2,5, −8 be
through the𝑎line𝑥 −of2intersection
+ 𝑏 𝑦 − 5 of +the
𝑐 𝑧given
+ 8 planes
= 0. can be
Since it is perpendicular
written as to each of the given planes, we have
2𝑎𝑥−+3𝑏 2𝑦++4𝑐3𝑧=−04and+ 𝜆 2𝑥 +4𝑎𝑦+ + 𝑧𝑏 +
− 22𝑐 ==00.
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
ByOr
cross-multiplication,
1 + 2𝜆 𝑥 + 22=+20 𝜆=𝑦+ 3i.e.
+ 𝜆 =
𝑧 + =
2𝜆 − .4 = 0, where 𝜆 is an arbitrary
14 1 10 07
constant.
∴ the equation of the plane is
1 𝑥Since
− 2 it+is10perpendicular
𝑦 − 5 + 7 𝑧to+𝑥8+ = 2𝑦0− or 𝑧 +𝑥1+=10𝑦 0, + 7𝑧 + 4 = 0.
2
1 + 2𝜆 ∙ 1 + 2 + 𝜆 ∙ 2 + 3 + 𝜆 ∙ −1 = 0 or 𝜆 = − 3 .
The required equation is 𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 7𝑧 + 16 = 0.
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Example 14
Find the equation of the plane which bisects the line joining the points 1,2,3
and 3,4,5 at right angles and show that it makes equal intercepts on the
axes. Solution:
The direction ratios of the line are 2,2,2.
Solution:
The equation of a plane through 2,3,4 can be written as
The equation of a plane through the line of intersection of the given planes can be
𝑎 𝑥 − 2 + 𝑏 𝑦 − 3 + 𝑐 𝑧 − 4 = 0.
written as 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
If it𝑥is+perpendicular to the line of direction
2𝑦 + 3𝑧 − 4 + 𝜆 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 + 2 = 0 ratios 2,2,2 , then = = .
2 2 2
∴ theOr equation 1+of2𝜆
the𝑥plane
+ 2 is+ 𝑥𝜆 +
𝑦𝑦++3𝑧+=𝜆9.𝑧 + 2𝜆 − 4 = 0, where 𝜆 is an arbitrary
Obviously,
constant. the plane makes equal intercepts on the axes and each of them is
equal to it
Since 9.is perpendicular to 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧 + 1 = 0,
2
1 + 2𝜆 ∙ 1 + 2 + 𝜆 ∙ 2 + 3 + 𝜆 ∙ −1 = 0 or 𝜆 = − 3 .
The required equation is 𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 7𝑧 + 16 = 0.
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Example 16
The sum of the squares of the distances of a point from the plane
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0 and 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0 is equal to the square of the
distance from the plane 𝑥 − 𝑧 = 0. Find the locus of the point.
Solution:
Solution:
The planes areof𝑥a+plane
The equation 𝑦 + 𝑧through
= 0, 𝑥 − 2𝑦line
the 0 and 𝑥 − 𝑧 of
+ 𝑧of=intersection = the
0. given planes can be
Let the point
written as be 𝑥1 , 𝑦1 , 𝑧1 .
The
𝑥 + distances
2𝑦 + 3𝑧 − of
4 the
+ 𝜆 planes
2𝑥 + 𝑦 from
+ 𝑧 +this
2 point
= 0 are
𝑥1 + 𝑦1 +𝑧1 𝑥1 −2𝑦1 +𝑧1 𝑥1 −𝑧1
,
Or1+1+1 1 +1+4+1 and
2𝜆 𝑥 + 2 +1+1 𝜆 𝑦.+ 3 + 𝜆 𝑧 + 2𝜆 − 4 = 0, where 𝜆 is an arbitrary
constant.
By the given conditions, we have
Since
𝑥1 + 𝑦1it+𝑧is
1 perpendicular
2 𝑥1 −2𝑦1 +𝑧to
1 𝑥 + 2𝑦
2 −1𝑧 2+ 1 = 0,2
𝑥1 −𝑧
+ = or 𝑦1 + 2𝑧1 𝑥22= 0.
1+ 1+1+1
2𝜆 ∙ 1 + 2 + 1+4+1 𝜆 ∙ 2 + 32+ 𝜆1+1 ∙ −1 = 0 or 𝜆 = − 3 .
Hence the required locus is 𝑦 + 2𝑧𝑥 = 0.
The required equation is 𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 7𝑧 + 16 = 0.
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