OBABILI 13

. .
~ - ~ -•.-~. . .;,......w....,
CHAPTER

• Definitions :
(i) Probability is a concept which numerically measures the degree of uncertainity and
therefore of certainity of the occurrence of events.
(ii) An operation which can produce some well-defined outcomes, is known as an
experiment.
(iii) If in each trial of an experiment. conducted under identical conditions,. the outcome is
not unique, but may be any of the possible outcomes then such an experiment is known
as a random experiment.
(iv) The set of all possible outcomes in a random experiment is called a sample space and
it is generally denoted by S.
(v) Any subset of a sample space is called an event.
(vi) If S is a sample space and
(a) , c S, then cp is an event, called an impossible event
(b) S s;;; S, then S is an event, called a sure event.
(vii) The given events are said to be equally likely, if none of them is expected to occur in
preference to the other.
(viii) Two events E 1 and E 2 are said to be mutually exclusive, if E 1 r'I E 2 =cp
(it) Two events E 1 and E 2 are mutually exclusive and exhaustive events if
P(E1 ) + P(E2) = 1.
' Probability of an Event : The probability of occurrence of the event E is defined as
P(E) = Number of outcomes favourable to occurrence of E
Number of all possible outcomes
Number of distinct elements of E n(E)
-
, Number of distinct elements in S n(S)
So .
Ci) Ille Important Results :
In a random experiment, if S is the sample space and E is an event, then
(it (a) P(E) ~ 0 (b) P(cp) = O (c) P(S) =1.
IfE tllld Fare mutually exclusive events, then
(a) P(E n F) = 0 (b) P(E u F) = P(E) + P(F) (c) P(E) + P(F) =1.
I 166 -r.M- . ~ - 9MATHEMATICSEXAMBOOSTER-OUI11

(iii) IfE be any event and E be its complementary event, then

P( E ) =1 - P(E) .
.(iv) For any two events E and F,
P(E - F) = P(E) - P(E n F).
(v) Addition Theorem. For any two events E and F,
P(E u F) =P(E) + P(F) - P(E n F).
(vi) If E 1 and E 2 ·.be two events such. th~t E 1 c E2, ~~en P(E1). ~ P(E2) •.
(vii) IfE is an event associated with a random experiment, then O~ P(E) ~ 1.
l • ' ~ t : I - f" ,L > ,,

(viii) For any three events E, F and G,

r 9 .,
P(E u F u G) =P(E) + P(F) + P(G) - P(E n F) - P(F n G)
-P(E n G) + P(E riF riG).
• Conditional Probability : Let A and B be two events associated with the same random
experiment. Then the probability of occurrence of the event A, when event B has already
occurred, is called the conditional probability of A given that B has occurred. It is denoted
byP(A/B).
P(A/_B) = Probability of occurrence of event A given that event B has
already occurred
Number of cases favourable to A and B n (A n B)
- Number of cases favourable to B
- n(B)
If S be the sample space, then
n(A ri B)
P(A/B) = n (AnB) == n(S) = P(A n B), provided P(B) * 0
n(B) n(B) P(B)
n(S) •
P(AnB) .
Similarly, P(B /A) = p (A) , provided P(A) * 0.

• Multiplicative Law of Probability:

Let A and B be two events associated with the same random experiment. The probability of
simultaneous occurrence of two events A and B is equal to the probability of one of the
events multiplied by the conditional probability of the other i.e.,
P(A n B) =P(A).P(B/A) or P(A n B) =P(B).P(A/B)
• Independent Events:
Two events associated with a random experiment are said to be independent if the occurrence
of one event does not affect the probability of occurrence of the other.
Remark : 1. Two events A and B, associated with the same random experiment are
independent if and onlyifP(A nB) = P(A).P(B).
2. If A and B are two independent events, then the probability of occurrence of
atleast one of A and B =1- P(A) P(B).

J
I pROBABILITY 1s1 I
, probability of Occurrence of Atleast one of r Independent Even ts:
..... , A,. respectively.
Let p 1, P2, ,•••• , Pr be the probability of r indep enden t events Ai,~ ,
Then probability that atleas t one of r events happe n= 1-(1 - p 1) (1- p 2
) (1- p 3) ... (1- p,).
indep enden t, if for
, Independent Experiments : Two random experiments are said to be
ment respectively,
every pair of events A and B, associated with the first and the second experi
ct of P(A) and P(B),
the probability of the simultaneous occurrence of A and B is the produ
calculated separa tely on the basis of the two experiments.
e space S, and
, Law of Total Prob abilit y: Let {E1 , E2 , .... , En} be a partition of the ~ampl
If A be any arbitr ary
each of the events E 1 , E 2 , .... , En has non-zero probability of occurrence.
•
event associated with S, then
P(A) = P(E 1) P (A/E 1) + P (E 2) P (A/E2) + .... + P (En) P (A/En)
events, such
• Baye's Theorem: lfE 1, E2 , ..... , En are n mutually exclusive and exhaustive
-:;; 0, then for each
that P(Ei) > 0 for each i and A is an arbitr ary event for which P(A)
occurred is
1 ~ i ~ n, the conditional probability of occurrence of Ei, given that A has

= P(Ei) P(AIE ) , i =l, 2,..... ,n.

n
L P(Ei)P(A/E)
i=l

n is the sampl e
• Random Variable : Random variable is a real valued function whose domai
space associated with a random experiment and range is the real line.
• Discrete and Conti nuou s Random Variable:
ifit takes only a
(a) Discr ete Random Variable. A random variable is said to be discrete
finite numb er of values.
(b) Conti nuou s Random Variable. A random variable is
said to be continuous if it
any value in
assumes any possible value between certain limits. In such a case it takes
an interval.
le X assume values
• Probability Distribution of a Random Variable: If a random variab
x1, x2, ....., xn with respective probabilities p 1, p 2, ....., Pn, such that
{a) 0 <pi~ 1 for i = 1, 2, ....., n

(b) P1 + P2 +..... + Pn = 1
then the random variable X possesses the following probability distribution
X:
P(X): P1 Pa .... · Pn
I 1es MATHEMATICS EXAM BOOsn .
. a.~11
• Mean and Variance of a Random Variable : Let X be a discrete random VariabI -
e,vhich
assumes valuesx x 2 , ..... , x with respective probabilitiesp ,P
,
,pn such that ~ , . . . . .

4.1 P, ===1
1 2
1

n _
t• 1 '
n
Then its Mean(µ) = Lp 1 x,
l=l
1

Variance(a2) = f
1-1
P1 xl -( f
1-1
P1 x, J

: I I •

Type I • Multiple Choice Questions:

1. The probability that a leap year selected at random will contain 53 Sundays is

(a) ~ (b) !7 (c) _! (d) ~

7 7 7
2. If P(A)- = 0·4, P(B) = 0-8 and P(B/A) = 0·6 then P(A u B) is equal to:
(a) 0•24 (b) 0·3 (c) 0-48 (d) 0-96
3. If P(A) = !, P(B) = 0, then P(A/B) is:
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 1/2 (d) not defined.
4.. If A and B are two events such that P(A) ;t: 0 and P(B/A) = 1, then :
(a) Ac: B (b) B c: A (c) B ;t: ct, (d) A= ct,
1 - - 1 •
5. IfP(A ~ B) = and P(A n B) = , P(A) = p and P(B) = 2p, then the value ofpis
2 3
1 2 7 7
(a) 3 (b) 9 (c) ·9 (d) 18
6. IfA and Bare two independent events, then the probability of occurrence of atleast one of
AandB is:
(a) 1-P( A )·P(B) (b) 1- P(A) P(B) (c) 1- P(A u B) (d) 1- P(A n B)
7. If E and F are two independent events then events E and F are :
(a) dependent (b) independent (c) exhaustive (d) none of these.
s. If A and Bare independent events such that P(A) = 0·3 and P(B) = 0-6, then P(A f'l B)is
equal to:
(a) 1 (b) 0-28 (c) 0·32 (d) 0·5
9. If A and B are such events that P(A) > 0 and P(B) ;t: 1, then P(A / B) equals

(a) 1-P(A/B) (b) 1-P( A /B) (c) l - P(A u B) (d) P( A)/ P( B )

P(B)

◄
I PROBABILITY 1es I
10. If A and Bare two events such that P(A) = 0·2, P(B) = 0.4 and P(A u B) = 0•5, then the value
of P(A/B) is
(a) O•l (b) 0·25 (c) 0•5 (d) 0·08
[CBSE Sample Paper 20201
7 9 4 -
11. If P(A) = 13 , P(B) = 13 and P(A n B) = , then P(A/B) is equal to
13
6 4 4 5
(a) 13 (b) 13 (c) 9 (d) 9
1.2. A sample space consists of three mutually independent and equally likely events. The
probability of happening of each one of them is equal to ·
1
(a) 0 (b) (c) 1 (d) none of these
3
13. If A and Bare two events such that P(A u B) =(An B), then P(exactly one of A and B)
occurs) is equal to
1 1
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) - (d)
2 4
14. Two events A and B will be independent, if

(a) A and B are mutually exclusive (b) P( A B) = [1-P(A)] [1-P(B)]

(c) P(A) = P(B) (d) P(A) + P(B) = 1

15. E and Fare independent events. If P(E) = 0-35 and P(E u F) = 0-6, then P(F) is equal to
(a) 0.38 (b) 0.40 (c) 0.36 (d) 0.5

16. If A and B are two given mutually exclusive events, then P(A/B) is equal to
1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) (d) none of these
2
17. A speaks truth in 70% cases and B speaks truth in 85% cases.The probability that they
speak the same fact is _ _ __
(a) 15% (b) 64% (c) 30% (d) 55%

18. Two events E and F are independent. If P(E) = 0-3 and P(E u F) = 0-5, then P(E/F)- P(F/E)
is equal to
8 1 1
5 (c) 70 (d) -
(a) - (b) 70 5
70
19. P(A n B) = P(A u B) iffthe relation between P(A) and P(B) is

(a) P(A) = P(B) = P{A n B) = P(A u B) (b) P(A) = P(B) = 1-P(A n B)

(c) P(A) = P(B) = P(A n B) (d) P(A) = P(B) = P(A n B) = P(A u B)

I 110 MATHEMATICS EXAM Boosn:
a.~11
20. IfA and Bare two events associat.ed to a random experiment, P(A n B) = J__ and P(B) l?
10 ::::......_
then P(A/B) is 20'
14 17 7 (d) _!_
(a) 17 (b) 20 (c) 8 8
21. Let E 1 and E 2 be two events and E 2 c E 1 , then P(E/E2 ) is equal to
(a) 0 (b) 0-5 (c) 0-75 (d) 1

22. A and B be two independent events. If P(A) = : and P(B) = : , then P(A n B) equals
4 a· 1 2
(a) 15 (b) 45 (c) 3 (d) 9
1 1 -
28. A and B are two independent events. If P(A) = - and P(B) = - , then P( B /A) is equal to
. 3 4
1 1 3
(a) - (b) - ·(c) - (d) 1 [CBSE2020]
4 3 4
24. If A and Bare two events, then P(A n B)is equal to
(a) P (A) P (B) (b) P(B)-P(AnB)
(c) P(A) + P(B) - P(A n B) (d) none of these

25. IfA and B are two events such that P(A) = ·: and P(A n B) = : , then P(B/A) is equal t.o
1
1 1 7 .17
(a) 10 (b) 8 (c) 8 (d) 20 .

3 2 3
26. If P(A) = - , P(B) = - and P(A u B) = 5 , then P(A/B) + P(B/A) is equal to
10 5
1 7 5 1
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 12 . (d) 3
2 3 1 -- --
27. If P(A) = , P(B) = lO and P(A n B) =
5 , then P(A/B). P(B/A) is equal to
5
5 5 25
(a) 6 (b) - (c) 42 (d) 1 [NCERT Eselllplal']
7

28. If P(B) =:, P(A/B) = ! and P(Au B) = : , then p (A uB)+ P(A u B)is equal to
1 4 1 pt,rl
(a) - (b) - (c) - (d) 1 [NCERTEselll
5
5 2
29. Out of 40 consecutive natural numbers, two numbers are chosen at random. Prob-
that the sum of number is odd, is
, . 10 20 11 1
taJ 39 (b) 39 (c) 20 (d) -
9
I paoJIABILITY -~ ::::::: .:::= .111 I
SO. From the set {l, 2, 3, 4, 5}, two numbers a and b (a * b) are chosen at random. The
a .
11~ probability that b is an integer is
1 3
~ 3l
ta) (b) .!_
4 (c) 2 (d) 5 [CBSE 2020)
st. A card is picked at random from a pack 52 playing card. Given that the picked card is a
queen, the probabili ty of this card to be a card of spade a
1 4 1 1
(a) - (b) 13 (c) - (d) 2 [CBSE20 20]
•'· . 3 4
32. A die is thrown once. Let A be the event that the number obtained is greater than 3 and B
be the event that the number obtained is less than 5. Then P(A u B) is
1 3 [CBSE20 20]
(a) - (b) - (c) 0 (d) 1
l' !' 3 5
83. kl. urn contains 6 balls of which two are red and four are black. Two balls are drawn at
random. Probabili ty that they are of the different colours is
,::<·~' 2 1 8 4
(a) 5 (b) 15 (c) 15 (d) 15
[CBSE Sample Paper 2020)
34. 5 boys and 5 girls are sitting in a row randomly . The probabili ty that boys and girls sit
alternatel y, is
5 4 3 1
(a) 126 (b) 126 (c) 126 ' (d) 126 •
35. A bag contains 3 white, 4 black and 2 red balls. If 2 balls are drawn at random (without
replaceme nt), then the probabili ty that.both the balls are white, is •
1 1 1 ' · 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) [CBSE20 20]
18 36 12 24
36. A bag contains 3 black, 4 red and 2 green balls. If three balls are drawn simultan eously at
random, then the probabili ty that the balls are of different colours is
2 · 1 1 1
(a) - (b) - (c) 12 (d) 24
7 . 14
37. A die is thrown and a card is selected at random from a deck of 52 playing cards. The
probability of getting an even number on the die and a spade card is

(a)
1
2 (b) 4
1
(c) 8
1
(d) ~
4
38. A random variable has the following probabili ty distributi on :
X=xi 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

P(X = xi) 0 2p 2p 3p p2 2p2 7p2 2p

The value ofp is

(a) _.!_
-1 (d) 1
'1) 1 (c)
5 \U 10 10 5
 I 112 ,. .
'
,
. • • .
~
.....
fl',
J
.
i 1
·•I
.,. I MATHEMATICS EXAM BOOSTER-[XUJ I
89. If random variable X has the following probability distribution

0 2 4 6 8
I p~~): I k 2k 3k 2k k
then the value of k is:
1 1 • 1
(a) - (b) - (c) - (d) 1.
3 6 9

40. The probability that A speaks truth is : and that B speaks truth is !. The probability
that they contradict each other in stating the same fact is
7 1 3
(a) 20 (b) 5 (c) 20 (d) i [CBSE2021]
5
· 4
41. If for any two events A and B, P(A) = and P(A n B) = 7 , then P(B/A) is equal to
5 10
1 1 • 7
(a) - (b) - (c) - (d) 17 [CBSE2022]
10 8 8 20
42. Five fair coins are tossed simultaneously. The probability of the events that at least one
head come up is
(a) 27
5 31 1
(b) 32 (c) 32 (d) [CBSE 2023)
32 32
43. ff the sum of numbers obtained on throwing a pair of dice is 9, then the probability that
number obtained on one of the dice is 4, is
1 1
(a) - (c) 18 (d) .!_ [CBSE2023]
9 2
Type Il - Assertion-Rea soning Questions :

The -following questions consist oftwo statements-Ass ertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer
these questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
(a) Both A and Rare true and R is the correct explanation for A.
(b) Both A and Rare true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

• 2 1 1 -- 7
44. Assertion: If P(A) = -, P(B) = -, P(A n B) = - , then P(A/B) = l0
5 3 5
Reason : The probability of event A given that event B has already occured is given by
P(AnB)
P(A/B) = P(B) , P(B) * 0 an_d P(A- n -B) =· 1-P(A u B).
p

I PROBABILITY I . .:,:~~:.~: ,.,;A:::: ~".tt.f 173 EJ

45, Assertion: If the events A and B are independent such that
1 3 1
P(A) = , P (A u B) = and P(B) = p, then p = . •
2 5 4
Reason: Two events A and B, associated with the same random experiment are independent
ifandonlyifP(A n B) = P(A).P(B)
46. Assertion: If the events A and Bare mutually exclusive such that
P(A) = 0·4, P(A u B) = 0-6 and P(B) = p, thenp = 0-2
Reason: Two events A and Bare mutually exculsive if P(A u B) = P(A). P(B)
47. Assertion : A problem in Mathematics is given to three students whose chances of solving

it are !,! !
and respectively. The probability that the problem will be solved is !
Reason : Probability that atleast one of r events happen
= 1- (1- p 1) (1- p 2 ) (1- p 3 ) .....(l - Pr)._
48. Assertion: Two coins are tossed simultaneously. The probability of getting two heads, if

it is known that atleast one head comes up, is ~.

Reason : If E and F are two events associated with a random experiment, then
P(EnF)
P(E/F) = P(F) • [CBSE 2023]

49. Assertion: If P(A) = ~, P(A n B) =.!, then the value of P(B/A) = .!

3 3 2
P(AnB)
Reason : P(B/A) = - - - .
P(B)
50. Assertion : If P(A) = 0-2, P(B) = 0-3 and A and B are independent events, then
P(A n B) = 0-06.
Reason : If A and B are independent events, then P(A n B) =P(A) . P(B).
51. Assertion : If A and B are independent events, then P(A n B)' = P(A') . P(B')
Reason : P(A u B)' = 1- P(A u B).
52. Assertion: Two dice are rolled and it is given that the sum of the number of both dice is
3
greater than 6. Then the probability of getting a doublet is
16 .

Reason: Probability of event E when event Fis already occured is P(E/F) = P(E n F)
P(F)
53. Assertion : If events A and B are independent, then P(AB) =P(A) P(B)
Reason : If events A and B are mutually exclusive, then P(A + B) = P(A) + P(B).
□ 174 [.: :::::.,::: .:::::::::::::::::::::::JMATHEMATics EXMf Boosll:
Type III • Case Study Based Questi ons : a.~111I

54.. A family has two children . Assume that each child born is
equally likely to be a boy or a girl. Let Gi and Bi. denote
the events that ith child is a girl and boy respecti vely.
Based on the above informa tion, answer the followin g
questio ns:
(i) List the sample space of given informa tion.
(ii) Find the probabi lity that both the children are girls.
.
(iii) Find the probabi lity that both the children are girls given that youngest is a girl.
OR
Find the probability that both the children are girls given that atleast one child is a girl
55. In a girls hostel 60% of the students read Hindi newspap er, •
,fi
,L~
40% read English newspap er and 20% read both Hindi and t'
English newspap ers. A girl is selected at random . l ,,
Based on the above informa tion, answer the followin g
questio ns:
(i) Find the probabi lity that the selected girl reads both
the newspap er~
(ii) Find the probabi lity that she reads either Hindi or
English newspap ers.
(iii) If she reads Hindi newspa per, then find the probabi lity that she reads English
newspa per.
OR
nd
If she reads English newspa per, then find the probabi lity that she reads Hi i
newspap er.
'I.•,~:,:
.. ,
56. A buildin g contrac tor underta kes a job to constru ct
four flats on a plot along with parking area. Due to 1/
.;._:,i~. . ~-
strike the probabi lity of many construc tion workers
not being present for the job is 0-65. The probabi lity "•
r

that many are not present and still the work gets
complet ed on time is 0-35. The probabil ity that work .~ ---- i
4·_ -::_...,'-.;r--.., ,!
will be comple ted on time when all worker s are •• ·-:~ - ~ -..

present is 0-80.
Let E 1 : represe nts the event that many workers were not present for the job.
E 2 : represe nts the event that all workers were present .
and E : represe nts the event of complet ing the construc tion work on ti.Jne.
Based on the above informa tion, answer the following question s :
(i) What is the probabil ity that all the workers are ;-::-ogp~! for the job ? ?
(ii) What is the probabil ity that the construc tion will be complet ed on tiJne •
1 PROBABILITY c:::_ :: :::. ~: ::::::;. ~:::::::::·:::,::·~:h:,:.~:~::::~·.· ◄: .::.~, • I,::: ::~ :. :J 175 □
(iii) What is the probability that many workers are not present given that the
construction work is completed on time?
OR
~at is the probability that all workers were present given that the construction
Job was completed on time ?
57. A person has to reach a company for an interivew. He has four ~ptions to reach the
company i.e., by metro, by bus, by scooter or by car. The probability of using these means
3 1 1 2
are 10 ' 5 , 10 and 5 respectively. The probability that he will be late if he comes by
1 1 1
metro, bus or scooter are 4 , 3 and respectively but if he comes by car, he will not
12
be late. Using the above information answer the following questions :
(i) What is the conditional probability ofhis reaching late by car ?
(ii) What is the probability that he travelled by bus and was late ?
(iii) What is probability of reaching late?
OR
What is the probability that he reached late and he used metro as means of transport?
58. In a cricket series between India and Srilanka, the
probability that India wins the first match is 0.6. If
India wins any match, then the probability that it
wins the next match is 0.4, otherwise the
probability is 0.3. Also, it is given that there is no
tie, no draw in any match.
(i) Find the probability of India losing the first two matches.
(ii) Find the probability of India winning the first three matches.
59. Hitika is solving questions of two chapter of a subject say A and B. From past experience
it is known that her probability of solving questions in these subjects is 0.6 and 0.8
respectively. If the probability of solving these questions in different subjects is independent,
then
(i) Find P(A n B).
(ii) FindP(AuB).
(ii) Find P(B/A).
OR
Find P(A/B).
60. Read the following passage and answer the questions given
below:
At the start of a cricket match, a coin is tossed and the
team winning the toss has the opportunity to choose to
bat or bowl. Such a coin is unbiased with equal probabilities
of getting head and tail.
I 176 D2:D fl ~~~~~~::! MATHEMATICS EXAM Boos'rEa.
(i) If such a coin is tossed two times, then find the probability distribution of ilnil
tails. nuznber of
(ii) Find the probability of getting at least one head in three tosses of such a coin.

1. If A and B are two indepen dent events such that P(A ri B) = 2 and P(A n B)::: ! , then
15
~~~~- ~~
6
2. A bag A contains 4 black and 6 red balls and bag B contain s 7 black and 3 red halls. Adi
is thrown. If 1 or 2 appears on it, then bag A is chosen, otherwi se bag B. If two balls e
drawn at r~ndom (without replacement) from the selected bag, find the probability of::
of them being red and another black. [C~SE 201~
3. In a factory which manufa ctures bolts, ~achine s A, Band C manufacture respectively
30%, 50% and 20% of the bolts. Of their outputs 3, 4 and 1 per cent respectively are
defective bolts. A bolt is drawn at random from the product and is found to be defective.
Find the probability that this is not manufa ctured by machin e B. [AJCBSE201~
4. Three persons A, B and C apply for a job of Manage r in a Private Company. Chances of
their selection (A, B and C) are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 4. The probabilities that A, B and Ccan
introdu ce changes to improve profits of the company are 0·8, 0·5 and 0·3 respectively. If
the change does not take place, find the probability that it is due to the appointment of C.
[CBSE201~
5. The random variable X can take only the values 0, 1, 2, 3. Given thatP(2) = P(3) =p and
P(0) = 2P(l). If r,pix? = 2'1:,pixi, find the value ofp. [CBSE 201~
6. A black and a red die are rolled together. Find the conditional probability ofobtaining the
sum 8, given that the red die resulted in a number less than 4. [CBSE201BI
7. Suppose a girl throws a die. If she gets 1 or 2, she tosses a coin three times and notes the
number of tails. If she gets 3, 4, 5 or 6, she tosses a coin once and note whether a 'head' or
'tail' is obtained. If she obtained exactly one 'tail', what is the probability that she threw 3'
4, 5 or 6 with the die? [CBSE201B1
8. Let X be a random variable which assumes values Xi, x , x , x such that
2 3 4
2P(X =X1) =3P(X =X2) =P(X =X3) =5P(X =X4)
Find the probability distribution ofX. 20191
[CBSE
9. Mother , father and son line up at random for a family photo. If A and B are twoEevents
given by A= Son on one end, B = Father in the middle, find P(B/A). 20191
[CBS d
10. There are two boxes I and II. Box I contains 3 red and 6 black balls. Box II contains 5re
and aball
and 'n' black balls. One of the two boxes, box I and box II is selected at randoID . ed ball
is drawn at random . The ball drawn is found to be red. If the probability that th15 r
. 3
comes out from box II 1s , fmd the value of 'n ' [
cBSE 20191
5
I paoJJABILITY 177 I
. A die marked l, 2 , 3 in red and 4, 5, 6 in green is tossed. Let A be the event "number is
11
even" and B be the event "number is marked red". Find whether the events A and B are
independent or not. [CBSE 2019]
Jj. The random variable X has a probability distribution P(X) of the following form, where 'k'
is some number
k, if x = 0
2k, if x = 1
p (X =x) =
3k, if x = 2 •
0, otherwise
Determine the value of 'k'. WCBSE 2019]
lS. Suppose that 5 men out of 100 and 25 women out of 1000 are good orators. An orator is
chosen at random. Find the probability that a male person is chosen. Assume that there
are equal number of men and women. [CBSE 2020]
14. A coin is biased so that the head is 3 times as likely to occur as a tail. If the coin is tossed
twice, find the probability distribution for the number of tails. [CBSE 2020]
15. A bag contains 10 white and 15 black balls. Two balls are drawn in succession without
replacement. What is the probability that first is white and second is black? [CBSE 2020]
16. A bag contains two coins, one biased and other unbiased. When tossed, the biased coin has
a 60% chance of showing heads. One of the coins is selected at random and on tossing it
shows tails. What is the probability it was an unbiased coin ? [CBSE 2020]
17. ff A and B are two independent events with P(A) = 0-3 and P(B) = 0-6, then find
(i)P(AandB) (ii) P(AandnotB)
(iii) P(A or B) (iv) P(neither A nor B) [CBSE2020J
18. A bag contains 3 red and 4 white balls. Three balls are drawn at random, one-by-one
without replacement from the bag. If the first ball drawn is red in colour, then find the
probability that the remaining two balls drawn are also red in colour.
[CBSE 2022 2nd Term]

~ e I • Multiple Choice Questions :

1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. {d)
6. (b) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (b)
11. (cl) 13. (b) 14. (b) 15. (a)
12. (b)
16. (a) 18. (c) 19. (a) 20. {a)
17. (b)
21. (cl) 23. (c) 24. (b) 25. (c)
22. (d)
?a (b) 2.8. (d) 29. (b) 30. (b)
27. (c)
3l (c) • 34. {d)
32. (d) 33. (c) 35. (c)
 ■ 11s MATHEMATICS EXAl\f
BOosl't
36. (a) 37. (c) 38. (b) 39. (c) lt.~11
43. (d) 40. (a)
41. (c) 42. (c)

Type II - Asse rtion -Rea sonin g Ques tions :

44. (a) 45. (d) 46. (c) 47. (a)
48. (a)
49. (c) 50. (a) 51. (d) 52. (b)
53. (b)
Type III - Case Stud y Base d Ques tions :
1
54. (i) S = {G G G B B G B B ,
,
,
}
(ii) .!.4 (iii)
2
OR!
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

3
1
55. (i) - (ii) -4 (iii) -1 OR 1
5 5 3 2
56. (i) 0-35 (ii) 0-5075 (iii) 0•45 OR 0-55

1 3 1
57. (i) 0 (ii) 15 (iii) 20 OR 58. (i) 0.28 (ii) 0.096
2

59. (i) 0.48 (ii) 0.92 (iii) 0.8 OR 0.6

X: 0 1 2
60. (i) (ii) I.
8
P(X):
1
-
1
- -1
4 2 4
):
Prev ious Year s' Boar d Ques tions (Sho rt & Long Answ er Type
1 1 22
5 4 2
1. P(A) = - and P(B) = -5 or P(A) = 5 and P(B) =
6· 6 • 45
7 1 1
11 5• p 6. 9
3• 31 4. 10 = 11
X X1 X2 X3 X4 1
9. 2 10. n = 5
8.
P(X) -15 -10 -30 -6
51 61 61 61
1

---
12.k = -
11. The event s A and B are not indep enden t. 6

13.
2
14.
X: 0
9
-
1
6
2

-1 ----
3 P(X): - 16
16 16
1
17. (i) 0-18 (ii) 0-12 (iii) O· 72 (iv) 0-28 1s. 15

■I