Java instanceof

The java instanceof operator is used to test whether the object is an instance of the specified
type (class or subclass or interface).

The instanceof in java is also known as type comparison operator because it compares the
instance with type. It returns either true or false. If we apply the instanceof operator with any
variable that has null value, it returns false.

Simple example of java instanceof

Let's see the simple example of instance operator where it tests the current class.

1. class Simple1{
2. public static void main(String args[]){
3. Simple1 s=new Simple1();
4. System.out.println(s instanceof Simple1);//true
5. }
6. }
Test it Now

Output:true

An object of subclass type is also a type of parent class. For example, if Dog extends Animal
then object of Dog can be referred by either Dog or Animal class

Constructors in Java
In Java, a constructor is a block of codes similar to the method. It is called when an instance
of the class
is created. At the time of calling constructor, memory for the object is allocated in the memory.

It is a special type of method which is used to initialize the object.

Every time an object is created using the new() keyword, at least one constructor is called.

It calls a default constructor if there is no constructor available in the class. In such case, Java
compiler provides a default constructor by default.

There are two types of constructors in Java: no-arg/Default constructor, and parameterized
constructor.
 Note: It is called constructor because it constructs the values at the time of object creation. It is
not necessary to write a constructor for a class. It is because java compiler creates a default
constructor if your class doesn't have any.

Rules for creating Java constructor

There are three rules defined for the constructor.

1. Constructor name must be the same as its class name

2. A Constructor must have no explicit return type
3. A Java constructor cannot be abstract, static, final, and synchronized

Note: We can use access modifiers

while declaring a constructor. It controls the object creation. In other words, we can have
private, protected, public or default constructor in Java.

Types of Java constructors

There are two types of constructors in Java:

1. Default constructor (no-arg constructor)

2. Parameterized constructor

Java Default Constructor

A constructor is called "Default Constructor" when it doesn't have any parameter.

Syntax of default constructor:

1. <class_name>(){}
Example of default constructor
In this example, we are creating the no-arg constructor in the Bike class. It will be
invoked at the time of object creation.

1. //Java Program to create and call a default constructor

2. class Bike1{
3. //creating a default constructor
4. Bike1(){System.out.println("Bike is created");}
5. //main method
6. public static void main(String args[]){
7. //calling a default constructor
8. Bike1 b=new Bike1();
9. }
10. }

Output:

Bike is created
Rule: If there is no constructor in a class, compiler automatically creates a default constructor.

Example of default constructor

class Student3{
int id;
String name;
Student3()
{
name="Rishwanth";
id=101;
}

//method to display the value of id and name

void display(){System.out.println(id+" "+name);}

public static void main(String args[]){

//creating objects
Student3 s1=new Student3();
Student3 s2=new Student3();
//displaying values of the object
s1.display();
s2.display();
}
}Output:
101 Rishwanth
101 Rishwanth.
 Java Parameterized Constructor

A constructor which has a specific number of parameters is called a parameterized

constructor.

Why use the parameterized constructor?

The parameterized constructor is used to provide different values to distinct objects. However,
you can provide the same values also.

Example of parameterized constructor

In this example, we have created the constructor of Student class that have two parameters. We
can have any number of parameters in the constructor.

1. //Java Program to demonstrate the use of the parameterized constructor.

2. class Student4{
3. int id;
4. String name;
5. //creating a parameterized constructor
6. Student4(int i,String n){
7. id = i;
8. name = n;
9. }
10. //method to display the values
11. void display(){System.out.println(id+" "+name);}
12.
13. public static void main(String args[]){
14. //creating objects and passing values
15. Student4 s1 = new Student4(111,"Karan");
16. Student4 s2 = new Student4(222,"Aryan");
17. //calling method to display the values of object
18. s1.display();
19. s2.display();
20. }
21. }

Output:
111 Karan
222 Aryan

Constructor Overloading in Java

In Java, a constructor is just like a method but without return type. It can also be overloaded like
Java methods.
 Constructor overloading in Java

is a technique of having more than one constructor with different parameter lists. They are
arranged in a way that each constructor performs a different task. They are differentiated by the
compiler by the number of parameters in the list and their types.

Example of Constructor Overloading

1. //Java program to overload constructors

2. class Student5{
3. int id;
4. String name;
5. int age;
6. //creating two arg constructor
7. Student5(int i,String n){
8. id = i;
9. name = n;
10. }
11. //creating three arg constructor
12. Student5(int i,String n,int a){
13. id = i;
14. name = n;
15. age=a;
16. }
17. void display(){System.out.println(id+" "+name+" "+age);}
18.
19. public static void main(String args[]){
20. Student5 s1 = new Student5(111,"Karan");
21. Student5 s2 = new Student5(222,"Aryan",25);
22. s1.display();
23. s2.display();
24. }
25. }

Output:

111 Karan 0
222 Aryan 25
Difference between constructor and method in Java

There are many differences between constructors and methods. They are given below.

Java Constructor Java Method

A constructor is used to initialize the state of an A method is used to expose the

object. behavior of an object.

A constructor must not have a return type. A method must have a return
type.

The constructor is invoked implicitly. The method is invoked explicitly.

The Java compiler provides a default constructor The method is not provided by
if you don't have any constructor in a class. the compiler in any case.

The constructor name must be same as the class The method name may or may
name. not be same as the class name.