13

STATISTICS
 STATISTICS 2

1. The frequency distribution table of agriculture 7. The median and mode respectively of a frequency
holding in a village is given below: distribution are 26 and 29, then its mean is
[Board 2020 Delhi (Basic)]
Area of 1-3 3-5 5-7 7-9 9- 11 - Options
land(in 11 13 (a) 27.5
hectares) (b) 24.5
Number 20 45 80 55 40 12 (c) 28.4
of (d) 25.8
families: 8. The cumulative frequency table is useful in
determining
Find the modal agriculture holding per family. [Board 2020 OD Basic]
[CBSE-Term 2- Basic 2022] Options:
2. If mode of the following frequency distribution is (a) Mean
55, then find the value of x. (b) Median
(c) Mode
Class: 0 – 15 - 30 - 45 - 60 - 75 - (d) All of these
15 30 45 60 75 90 9. Find the class marks of the classes 15 – 35 and 45 –
Frequency: 10 7 x 15 10 12 60.
[CBSE-Term 2- Standard 2022] [Board 2020 OD Standard]
3. Find the mode of the following distribution: 10. Find the class marks of the classes 20 – 50 and 35 –
60.
Marks: 0-12 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 [Board 2020 OD Standard]
Number 4 6 7 12 5 6
of 11. If the mean of the first n natural number is 15, then
students find n.
[CBSE 2020] [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
4. Find the mode of the following frequency 12. In a frequency distribution, the mid value of a class
distribution is 10 and the width of the class is 6. What is the
[CBSE 2020] lower limit of the class?
Class 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 [Board Tem-1 Delhi 2014]
Frequency
8 10 10 16 12 6 7 13. If the difference of mode and median of a data is 24,
then what is the difference of median and mean?
5. For the following data, draw a ‘less than’ ogive and [Board Term-1 OD 2011]
hence find the median of the distribution. 14. For finding the popular size of readymade
[CBSE 2020] garments, which central tendency is used?
Age(in [Board-Term 1 OD 2012]
years) 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 15. The median of a set of 9 distinct observations is
20.5. if each of the largest 4 observation of the set is
Number
of 5 15 20 25 15 11 9
increased by 2, then what is the median of the new
persons: set?
6. The distribution given below shows the number of [Board Term -1 2013]
wickets taken by bowlers in one-day cricket 16. If the mean of the observation x, x + 3, x + 5, x + 7
matches. Find the mean and the median of the and x + 10 is 9, the find the mean of the last three
number of wickets taken. observation.
[Board Term -1 2014]
17. Observations of some data are
x x 2x x 2x 3x
, x, , , , and where x > 0. If the
5 3 3 4 5 4
[CBSE 2020]
median of the data is 4, then what is the value of x?
 STATISTICS 3

[Board Term - 1 Delhi 2013]

18. A Consider the following distribution:
[Board Term-1 2014]
23. The following distribution gives the daily income of
50 workers of a factory:

(i) Calculate the frequency of the class 30 - 40

(ii) Calculate the class mark of the class 10 - 25 Convert the distribution above to a less than type
19. If the median of the following frequency cumulative frequency distribution and draw its
distribution is 32.5. Find the values of f1 and f2 ogive.
[CBSE 2019] [CBSE 2018]
24. Find the median of the following data:
[CBSE 2013]
20. The marks obtained by 100 students of a class in an
examination are given below.
Marks Number of students
0-5 2 How can we find the median graphically?
5-10 5 25. The mean of the following distribution is 48 and
10-15 6 sum of all the frequency is 50. Find the missing
15-20 8 frequencies x and y.
20-25 10 [Board- Term 1 – 2015 & 2016]
25-30 25
30-35 20
35-40 18
40-45 4
45-50 2
Draw ‘a less than’ type cumulative frequency curves
(ogive). Hence find median
[CBSE 2019]
21. The table below shown the salaries of 280 persons:
[CBSE 2018]
Salary(In thousand ) No. of Person
5 - 10 49
10 - 15 133
15 - 20 63
20 - 25 15
25 - 30 6
30 – 35 7
35 - 40 4
40 – 45 2
45 – 50 1
Calculate the median salary of the data.
22. The mean of the following distribution is 18. Find the
frequency f of the class 19-21.
[CBSE 2018]
 STATISTICS 4

f1 − f 0
Solutions: Mode = l +
2 f1 − f 0 − f 2
h

12 − 7
 Mode = 30 +  10
1. The maximum class frequency is 80. The class 2  (12 ) − 7 − 5
corresponding to this frequency is 5–7. ⇒ Mode=34.16
So, the modal class is 5–7. Therefore, mode is 34.16.
l (the lower limit of modal class) = 5 4.
f1 (frequency of the modal class) = 80 Class Frequency
f0 (frequency of the class preceding the modal class) 0-10 8
= 45 10-20 10
f2 (frequency of the class succeeding the modal
20-30 10 = f0
class) = 55
30-40 16 = f1
h (class size) = 2
0 1 𝑓 −𝑓 12 = f2
𝑚𝑜𝑑 𝑒 = 𝑙 + (2𝑓 −𝑓 )×ℎ 40-50
−𝑓0 1 2
80−45 50-60 6
= 5 + (2(80)−45−55) × 2
60-70 7
35
Here, 30 = 40 is the modal class, and I = 30, h = 10
= 5 + (60) × 2  f 0 − f1 
35 Mode = I +   h
=5+ ( )
30
= 6.2  2 f1 − f 0 − f 2 
 16 − 10 
Hence, the modal agricultural holdings of the village = 30 +    10
is 6.2 hectares.  2 16 − 10 − 12 
2. Given that mode of frequency distribution is 55. 16
= 30 +  10 = 30 + 6 = 36
Here given mode =55 10
So, mode class is 45−60 5. Plotting age (in years) on the x-axis and cumulative
lower limit (t) = 45
frequency on y-axis.
class height (h) =15
then, f0 =15
f1 =x
f2=10
 f 0 − f1 
mod e = 1 +   h
 2 f 0 − f1 − f 2 
 15 − x 
55 = 45 +   15
 30 − x − 10 
 15 − x 
55 − 45 =   15
 30 − x − 10 
10(30−x−10)=(15−x)15
10(20−x)=225−15x Age Numbers of persons
200−10x=225−15k Less than 10 5
15x−10x=225−200
Less than 20 20
5x=25
x=5 Less than 30 40
3. Here, modal class is 30-40. Less than 40 65
Less than 50 80
Less than 60 91
Less than 70 100
 STATISTICS 5

8. Cumulative frequency is defined as a running total

Here, we have N=100 of frequencies. It is helpful in finding the mean,
N median and mode.
 = 50
2 Thus (d) is correct option.
From the curve we get x-ordinate as 33.5 when 15 + 35 50
ordinate is 50.
9. Class mark of 15 – 35 = = = 25
2 2
Therefore, the median of the given distribution is
45 + 60 105
33.5. And class mark of 45 – 60 = = = 52.5
2 2
6. Assuming a=120 and h=40 20 + 50 70
10. Class mark of 20 – 50 = = = 35
2 2
35 + 60 95
And class mark of 35 – 60 = = = 47.5
2 2
11. Given: 1,2,3,4,………..to n terms.
The sum of first n natural numbers
n ( n + 1)
We get, f i = 40 and  fiui = 6 Sn =
2
Mean = a +  n ( n + 1)
f i ui
h Mean, M =
f i 2 n
6  40 n ( n + 1)
= 120 + 15 =
45 2 n
= 125.33 n +1
We have, N = 45 15 =
2
N
 = 22.5 n + 1 = 30  n = 29
2 12. Let x be the upper limit and y be the lower limit.
Therefore, Median class = 100-140,
Since the mid value of the class is 10.
Cumulative frequency = 28, i = 100, cf=12,
x+ y
f=16 and h=40. Hence, = 10
N  2
 2 − cf  x + y = 20 …..(1)
Medain = l +   h since width of the class is 6,
 f  x–y=6 ……….(2)
  solving (1) and (2), we get y = 7
 22.5 − 12  hence, lower limit of the class is 7.
 Medain = 100 +    40 13. We have Mo = Md – 24
 16 
We know Mo = 3Md - 2M
= 126.25 Now Mo - Md = 2Md – 2M
Therefore, the mean is 125.33 and the median is 24 = 2(Md – M)
126.25 of the number of wickets taken. Md – M = 12
7. We have M 0 = 3M d − 2 M 14. For finding the popular size of readymade
29 = 3  26 − 2 M garments, mode is the best measure of central
tendency
2 M = 78 − 29 = 49 15. Given n = 9.
49
 9 +1 
th
M= = 24.5
2 Then, median term =   = 5 item.
th

Thus (b) is correct option  2 

Now, last four observations are increased by 2, but
median is 5th observation, which is remaining
 STATISTICS 6

unchanged. Hence there will be no change in 50 - 60 42 42

median.
(i) Frequency of the class 30 – 40 is 3.
16. 10 + 25
Sum of all the observations (ii) Class mark of the class: 10 − 25 =
Mean = 2
Total no.of observation 35
= = 17.5
x + x + 3 + x + 5 + x + 7 + x + 10 2
9=
5 19.
5 x + 25 Class Frequency Cumulative Frequency
9= 0-10 f1 f1
5
x=4 10-20 5 5+f1
so, mean of last three observation, 20-30 9 14+f1
30-40
x + 5 + x + 7 + x + 10 5 x + 22 12 26+f1
= = 40-50 f2
3 3 50-60 26+f1 + f2
3
3 x + 22 3  4 + 22 60-70 29+f1 + f2
= = 2
3 3 31+f1 + f2
12 + 22 34 1
= = = 11
3 3 3 Total=40=n
x x 2x x 2x 3x
17. Given observations are , x, , , , and
5 3 3 4 5 4 f1+ f2 =40–31=9 ...(I)
where x > 0. On arranging the above observations in
Median=32.5 Given
x x x 2 x 2 x 3x
ascending order, we get , , , , , ,x Since, Median class is 30-40
5 4 3 5 3 4 . l = 30, h = 10, cf = 14 + f1, f = 12
Here, total number of observations are 7, which is n 
odd.  2 − cf 
Medain = l +   h
 n +1
th
 f 
Median =   observation
 2   
 40 
 7 +1   2 − (14 + f1 ) 
th

=  observation
 2  32.5 = 30   10
 12 
2x  
= 4th observation =
5 10
2.5 =
Median =
2x
=4 12 ( 20 − 14 − f1 )
5 3 = 6 - f1
45
x= = 10 f1 = 3
2 On putting in (i),
18. f 1 + f2 = 9
Class Interval c.f. f f2 = 9 – 3 [∵ f1 = 3]
0 - 10 63 5 =6
10 - 20 58 3
20 – 30 55 4
30 – 40 51 3
40 – 50 48 6
STATISTICS 7

20. 20 - 25 15 260
25 - 30 6 266
Marks Number of Marks less Cumulative
30 – 35 7 273
students than frequency
35 - 40 4 277
0-5 2 Less than 5 2
5-10 5 Less than 10 7 40 – 45 2 279
10-15 6 Less than 15 13 45 – 50 1 280
15-20 2 Less than 20 21
20-25 10 Less than 25 31 Let N = total frequency
25-30 25 Less than 30 56 we have N = 280
30-35 20 Less than 35 76 N 280
 = = 140
35-40 18 Less than 40 94 2 2
40-45 4 Less than 45 98 N
45-50 2 Less than 50 100 The cumulative frequency just greater than is
2
182 and the corresponding class is 10 - 15
Thus, 10 -15 is the median class such that
Let us now plot the points corresponding to the l = 10, f = 133, F = 49 and h = 5
ordered pairs N
−F
(5, 2), (10, 7), (15, 13), (20, 21), (25, 31), (30, 56),  140 − 49 
(35, 76), (40, 94), (45, 98), (50, 100). Median = l + 2  h = 10 +  5
Join all the points by a smooth curve.
f  133 
=13.42
22.

we have
h = 2; A = 18, N = 40 + f ,  f i ui = f − 8 X = 18
1 
Mean = A + h 
N
 f u 
i i

n 100  1 
Locate = = 50 onY − axis 18 = 18 + 2  (f − 8)
2 2  40 + f 
From this point draw a line parallel to X-axis cutting 2 ( f − 8)
the curve at a point. =0
From this point, draw a perpendicular to X-axis. 40 + f
The point of intersection of perpendicular with the f - 8 =0
X-axis determines the median of the data. Therefore f = 8
median = 28.8 23.
21.
Class Frequency Cumulative Frequency
5 - 10 49 49
10 - 15 133 182
15 - 20 63 245
STATISTICS 8

Other than the given class intervals, we assume a N

Now N = 50; = 25
class interval 80-100 with zero frequency. 2
N
Cumulative frequency just greater than is 36
2
and the corresponding class is 60 – 80.
Thus median class is 60 – 80.
Now l = 60, f = 12, F = 24, h = 20
N 
 2 −F 
Median, M d = l +  h
 f 
 

= 60 +
( 25 − 24 )  20
12
1 5
= 60 +  20 = 60 +
24. 12 3
Classes c.f. 185
= = 61.67
More than 0 50 3
More than 20 44
More than 40 36 25.
More than 60 26
More than 80 14
More than 100 8
More than 120 3
To draw an ogive we take the indices: (0, 50), (20,
44), (40, 36), (60, 26), (80, 14), (100, 8) and (120,
3).
We plot the points as shown below.
Mean, M =a+
 fu
i i
h
f i

2 y − 11
48 = 45 +  10
50
2 y − 11
48 − 45 =
5
3 × 5 = 2y – 11
15 = 2y – 11 ⇒ y = 13
Also Σfi 25 + x + y = 50
x + y = 25
N 50 x = 25 – 13 = 12
From graph, = = 25 Thus x = 12 and y = 13
2 2
Median, Md = 61.6

By formula Method: