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math notes

The document provides definitions and explanations of various mathematical concepts, including sets, types of numbers, and properties of operations. It also outlines important formulas for calculating areas and perimeters of geometric shapes. Additionally, it covers laws of arithmetic and algebraic sentences.

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bipbs001
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5 views

math notes

The document provides definitions and explanations of various mathematical concepts, including sets, types of numbers, and properties of operations. It also outlines important formulas for calculating areas and perimeters of geometric shapes. Additionally, it covers laws of arithmetic and algebraic sentences.

Uploaded by

bipbs001
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Math Quick notes:

Definitions:

Sets: A well-Defined collection of objects and things.


Members and elements of a set: the things or objects of a set are
called the members or elements of a set.
Tabular form of a sets: when the objects of a set are listed
between curly brackets “{ }”.
Descriptive form of a set: when a word or sentence is used to
describe or denote a set.
Finite set: A set with limited members/elements is called finite
sets.
Infinite set: A set with unlimited members or sets are called
infinite sets.
Singleton set: A set with only one member is called singleton set.
Proper subset: If set A and B are two sets and all the elements of
set A are in set B but all of the elements of set B are not in set A
then B is a proper subset of A
Improper subset: If set A and B are two sets and all the elements
of set A are in set B and all of the elements of set B are in set A
then B is a improper subset of A and vice versa.
Natural numbers: Counting numbers are called natural numbers.
Whole numbers: Natural numbers with zero (0) are called whole
numbers.
Positive integers: All natural numbers are positive integers
Negative integers: All natural numbers with a minus sign “-” are
negative integers.
Neutral integers: 0 is a neutral integer.
Prime numbers: Numbers which has only two factors.
Composite numbers: Numbers with more than two factors.
Factor: A number that divides a number completely.
Multiple: A number which is got when multiplying a number with
(1,2,3,4,5 …)
Even numbers: Numbers that can be divided by two.
Odd numbers: Numbers that cannot be divided by two.
Additive identity: 0 is an Additive identity as if it is added with
any number the number remains the same e.g. 0 + 7 = 7
Multiplicative identity: 1 is a Multiplicative identity because if
multiplied with any number the result is the same e.g. 12 x 1 =12
Associative law of addition/multiplication: If X Y Z are three
numbers so (Z + X) + Y = (Y + X) + Z / (Z x Y) X = (Z x X) Y.
Commutative law of addition/multiplication: If Y Z are two
numbers so Z + Y = Y + Z / Z x Y = Y x Z.
Distributive law of multiplication over addition: If X Y Z are three
numbers then (Z + Y) X = (Z x X) + (Y x X).
Distributive law of multiplication over subtraction: If X Y Z are
three numbers then (Z - Y) X = (Z x X) - (Y x X).
H.C.F: highest common factor of given numbers.
L.C.M: lowest common multiple of given numbers.
BODMAS: B: brackets O: order D: division M: multiplication A:
addition S: subtraction.
Ratio: comparison between two values of the unit
Proportion: proportion shows the equality of two ratios of the
same unit
Percent: the fraction in which 100 is the denominator is percent.
True sentence: An algebraic sentence which proves to be true.
False sentence: An algebraic sentence which proves to be false
Open sentence An algebraic sentence which proves not to be true
or false.
Variable: the letter used to donate a value or number is called
variable
Coefficient of variable: the number appearing as a multiple of the
variable is called its coefficient.
Constant term: A term which as a fixed value and does not
involve any variable is called constant term.
Exponent: the power of a variable is called its exponent.
Square: A quadrilateral with equal sides each angle of 90*.
Rectangle: A quadrilateral with equal parallel sides each angle of
90*.
Triangle: A bounded figure made of 3 line segments. The points
the segments meet are called its vertex.

All formulas:

Area of square: (Side) X (Side)


Parameter of square: 4(Side)
Area of rectangle: (Length) X (Weigh)
Parameter of rectangle: 2(L + W)
Area of triangle: ½ X (L X W)
Parameter of triangle: side + side + side
conference of circle: 2 (22/7) radios
area of circle: (22/7)R-square
symbols: (- , - = +) (+ , + = +) (+ , - = -)

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