Tutorials of Computer Networks I

Section A

1. What is the primary purpose of data A) Analog signals vary continuously,

communication? while digital signals do not
A) To enhance computing speed B) Digital signals can be easily
B) To facilitate the transfer of data compressed, while analog signals cannot
between devices C) Analog signals require more bandwidth
C) To reduce data storage than digital signals
requirements D) Digital signals can represent both
D) To increase network security discrete and continuous data
2. Which of the following best describes 7. The maximum data rate of a
a network? communication channel can be
A) A single device that processes data determined by which theorem?
B) A collection of interconnected A) Shannon's Theorem
devices that share resources B) Nyquist's Theorem
C) A software application that C) Fourier's Theorem
manages data D) Bernoulli's Theorem
D) A hardware component used for 8. Which factor does NOT influence data
storage rate limits in a transmission medium?
3. In a client-server model, the server is A) Bandwidth
responsible for: B) Signal-to-noise ratio
A) Initiating communication C) Distance between devices
B) Providing resources or services to D) The color of the cable
clients 9. Transmission impairment can be
C) Managing network security caused by:
D) Storing client data A) Attenuation
4. Which of the following is a B) Distortion
characteristic of analog signals? C) Noise
A) Discrete values D) All of the above
B) Continuous waveforms 10. What effect does attenuation have on a
C) Binary representation signal?
D) High reliability over long distances A) Increases the signal strength
5. Digital signals are characterized by: B) Decreases the quality of the signal over
A) Continuous changes in amplitude distance
B) A series of discrete values C) Converts digital signals to analog
C) Infinite data rate D) Enhances data compression
D) Susceptibility to noise
6. Which of the following is NOT a 11. Which of the following is an example
difference between analog and digital of a digital signal?
signals?
A) A sine wave
B) A square wave
C) A triangular wave A) The amount of data transmitted per
D) A cosine wave second
12. When comparing analog and digital B) The total number of bits in a file
transmission, which of the following C) The speed of the physical medium
is true? D) The error rate during transmission
A) Analog transmission is always faster 18. Which of the following is a
than digital disadvantage of analog signals?
B) Digital transmission is generally more A) They are less complex than digital
reliable and less prone to interference signals
C) Analog transmission uses less B) They are more susceptible to noise
bandwidth than digital and interference
D) Digital signals can be transmitted over C) They require less bandwidth than
longer distances without degradation than digital
analog signals D) They can easily represent a wide
13. Which of the following describes the range of values
role of a router in a network? 19. According to Shannon's Theorem,
A) Connects computers within a local area increasing the bandwidth of a channel
network will:
B) Forwards data packets between A) Decrease the maximum achievable
different networks data rate
C) Encrypts data for secure transmission B) Increase the maximum achievable
D) Monitors network traffic data rate
14. Which layer of the OSI model is C) Have no effect on the data rate
responsible for end-to-end D) Create more transmission
communication? impairments
A) Physical Layer 20. What is the Nyquist rate?
B) Data Link Layer A) The minimum sampling rate
C) Network Layer required to avoid aliasing
D) Transport Layer B) The maximum data rate at which a
15. What is the primary function of a signal can be transmitted without
protocol in data communication? distortion
A) To secure data transmission C) The maximum frequency of a
B) To define rules for data exchange digital signal
between devices D) The ratio of the signal power to the
C) To determine the physical medium for noise power
data transmission 21. Which type of noise is typically
D) To manage network hardware caused by electromagnetic
16. Which of the following is a type of interference?
modulation used in analog signals? A) Thermal noise
A) Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) B) Crosstalk
B) Frequency Modulation (FM) C) Impulse noise
C) Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) D) White noise
D) Digital Signal Processing (DSP) 22. What is the primary cause of
17. The term "bit rate" refers to: distortion in a transmission medium?
 A) Variations in signal strength C) Non-Return to Zero (NRZ)
B) Changes in frequency response D) Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
C) External electromagnetic fields 3. Block coding is primarily used to:
D) All of the above A) Increase data transfer rates
23. In digital communication, what does B) Detect and correct errors in
the term "pulse shape" refer to? transmitted data
A) The frequency of the digital signal C) Reduce the number of bits in a
B) The modulation technique used digital signal
C) The form of the signal waveform D) Encrypt sensitive information
over time 4. Sampling in digital transmission
D) The amplitude of the signal refers to:
24. Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is A) The compression of digital data
primarily used for: B) The process of converting analog
A) Combining multiple analog signals signals into digital form
B) Increasing bandwidth in digital C) The modulation of digital data
communication D) The encoding of digital
C) Sharing a single channel among information
multiple users by dividing time 5. Which of the following describes a
D) Enhancing signal quality transmission mode?
25. Which of the following is NOT a A) The method of encoding data for
characteristic of digital signals? transmission
A) They can be easily regenerated. B) The way data is transmitted
B) They are less susceptible to noise. between devices (e.g., simplex, half-
C) They can represent a continuous duplex, full-duplex)
range of values. C) The type of modulation used for
D) They can be compressed for signals
efficient transmission. D) The physical medium used for data
transmission
6. In the context of modulation, what
Section B does "modulation of digital data"
1. What is the primary purpose of line involve?
coding? A) Converting digital signals into
A) To compress data for transmission analog signals for transmission
B) To convert digital data into a B) Compressing digital data for
format suitable for transmission over a efficient transmission
medium C) Encrypting digital data for secure
C) To encrypt data for secure communication
communication D) Sampling analog signals to create
D) To modulate analog signals digital representations
2. Which of the following is an 7. What is the function of a telephone
example of a line coding scheme? modem?
A) Amplitude Modulation (AM) A) To amplify digital signals
B) Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
 B) To convert digital data into audio C) Using different frequencies for
signals for transmission over each signal
telephone lines D) Encoding the signals into digital
C) To encrypt voice communication form
D) To multiplex multiple signals over 12. Which of the following is NOT a
a single line benefit of multiplexing?
8. Which modulation technique is A) Efficient use of bandwidth
commonly used for analog signals? B) Increased data transfer rates
A) Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) C) Reduced hardware complexity
B) Frequency Modulation (FM) D) Improved signal integrity
C) Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 13. In TDM, if there are 4 channels and
(QAM) each channel is allocated 10 ms,
D) Phase Shift Keying (PSK) what is the total time taken for one
9. Frequency Division Multiplexing complete cycle of transmission?
(FDM) works by: A) 10 ms
A) Allocating different time slots for B) 40 ms
each signal C) 100 ms
B) Using different frequencies to D) 20 ms
transmit multiple signals 14. Which line coding technique uses
simultaneously two levels of voltage to represent
C) Combining multiple signals into a binary data?
single digital stream A) Manchester Encoding
D) Encrypting multiple signals for B) Differential Encoding
secure transmission C) 4B/5B Encoding
10. Which of the following describes D) Bipolar Encoding
Wavelength Division Multiplexing 15. In block coding, what is the purpose
(WDM)? of adding redundancy?
A) A method that combines multiple A) To increase the bandwidth of the
digital signals into one over the same transmission
medium B) To facilitate error detection and
B) A technique used in optical fibers correction
to transmit multiple signals using C) To compress the data for faster
different wavelengths of light transmission
C) A time-sharing method for D) To improve the quality of the
transmitting signals analog signal
D) A method for reducing signal 16. Quantization in the sampling
interference process refers to:
11. Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) A) The conversion of a continuous
allows multiple signals to be signal into a discrete signal
transmitted by: B) The amplification of a signal
A) Combining them into one analog C) The filtering of unwanted
signal frequencies
B) Allocating separate time slots for D) The modulation of the signal for
each signal on a single channel transmission
17. Which of the following transmission A) Time slots
modes allows data to flow in both B) Code sequences
directions, but not simultaneously? C) Frequency bands
A) Simplex D) Data packets
B) Half-duplex 23. What is a key difference between
C) Full-duplex TDM and FDM?
D) Bidirectional A) TDM uses different frequencies,
18. What is the primary advantage of while FDM uses time slots
using modulation for digital data? B) TDM divides time, while FDM
A) It simplifies the digital signal divides frequency
B) It allows digital data to be C) TDM is used for digital signals,
transmitted over analog mediums while FDM is used for analog signals
C) It increases the data transfer rate D) TDM requires more bandwidth
D) It decreases the power than FDM
consumption 24. Wavelength Division Multiplexing
19. Which of the following describes (WDM) is predominantly used in:
Amplitude Modulation (AM)? A) Copper wire communications
A) Varying the frequency of the B) Satellite communications
carrier signal C) Optical fiber communications
B) Varying the phase of the carrier D) Radio frequency communications
signal 25. Which of the following is an
C) Varying the amplitude of the advantage of Time Division
carrier signal Multiplexing (TDM)?
D) Combining multiple carrier signals A) It provides higher bandwidth
20. What is the typical baud rate of a utilization compared to FDM
standard telephone modem? B) It is less complex than other
A) 300 bps multiplexing techniques
B) 1200 bps C) It reduces latency in data
C) 56 Kbps transmission
D) 1 Mbps D) It works well with low-frequency
21. Which type of multiplexing allows signals
multiple signals to share the same
frequency band by dividing the time Section C
into slots? 1. Which of the following is NOT
A) Frequency Division Multiplexing considered a type of guided media?
(FDM) A) Twisted Pair Cable
B) Time Division Multiplexing B) Coaxial Cable
(TDM) C) Optical Fiber
C) Wave Division Multiplexing D) Radio Waves
(WDM) 2. What is the primary characteristic
D) Code Division Multiple Access of unguided media?
(CDMA) A) It requires physical cables for
22. In FDM, the frequency spectrum is transmission.
divided into:
 B) It relies on electromagnetic waves B) A dedicated circuit is established
to transmit data. between the caller and receiver.
C) It provides higher bandwidth than C) The call is transmitted using packet
guided media. switching.
D) It is more secure than guided D) The connection is made over
media. unguided media.
3. Which type of guided media is most 8. Which of the following best
commonly used for local area describes the telephone network?
networks (LANs)? A) A packet-switched network used
A) Fiber Optic Cable for data transmission
B) Coaxial Cable B) A circuit-switched network
C) Twisted Pair Cable designed primarily for voice
D) Shielded Twisted Pair Cable communication
4. What is a major disadvantage of C) A hybrid network that combines
using coaxial cable? both circuit and packet switching
A) It is susceptible to electromagnetic D) A wireless network relying on
interference. unguided media
B) It is expensive compared to twisted 9. What is a key advantage of circuit
pair cables. switching in telephone networks?
C) It is difficult to install and A) It allows for faster data
maintain. transmission.
D) It has a limited bandwidth. B) It provides a constant and reliable
5. Which of the following is an connection during the call.
example of unguided media? C) It is more cost-effective than
A) Fiber Optic Cable packet switching.
B) Microwave Transmission D) It supports multimedia
C) Coaxial Cable communications easily.
D) Twisted Pair Cable 10. Which of the following is a
6. Circuit switching is characterized disadvantage of circuit switching?
by: A) High latency during call setup
A) Establishing a dedicated B) Inefficient use of resources when
communication path for the duration the circuit is idle
of the call C) Limited bandwidth
B) Sending data in packets over a D) Increased complexity in network
shared network management
C) Using multiple paths for data 11. In circuit-switched networks, what
transmission is the term for the time taken to
D) Modulating the signal to optimize establish a connection before data
bandwidth transmission begins?
7. In a circuit-switched network, what A) Propagation delay
happens during a call setup? B) Setup time
A) Data packets are routed C) Transmission delay
independently. D) Queuing delay
12. Which type of connection is A) Packet-switched
typically used for traditional B) Circuit-switched
landline telephone systems? C) Frame relay
A) Packet switching D) Voice over Internet Protocol
B) Circuit switching (VoIP)
C) Frame relay 19. In circuit-switched networks, what
D) Asynchronous Transfer Mode happens to the dedicated path when
(ATM) the call ends?
13. Which type of guided media offers A) It remains active for future calls.
the highest bandwidth? B) It is released and available for
A) Twisted Pair Cable other calls.
B) Coaxial Cable C) It is converted to a packet-switched
C) Fiber Optic Cable connection.
D) Shielded Twisted Pair Cable D) It becomes a permanent
14. What is one of the primary connection.
advantages of using fiber optic 20. Which of the following best
cables over copper cables? describes packet switching?
A) Lower installation cost A) Establishing a dedicated circuit for
B) Greater resistance to each call
electromagnetic interference B) Dividing data into packets that are
C) Easier to splice routed independently
D) More flexible and lightweight C) Using a fixed path for all data
15. Which of the following is a transmission
disadvantage of using twisted pair D) Transmitting data in a continuous
cables? stream
A) High susceptibility to noise 21. What is a significant advantage of
B) Limited data transmission distance using packet switching over circuit
C) High installation cost switching?
D) Difficult to install A) It provides a dedicated bandwidth
16. Which unguided media is primarily for each user.
used for satellite communication? B) It is more efficient for bursty data
A) Infrared traffic.
B) Radio Waves C) It minimizes latency during call
C) Microwaves setup.
D) Visible Light D) It simplifies network management.
17. In wireless communication, which 22. Which of the following technologies
frequency band is commonly used relies on circuit-switched networks?
for Wi-Fi? A) Voice over IP (VoIP)
A) 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz B) Integrated Services Digital
B) 1 GHz and 3 GHz Network (ISDN)
C) 900 MHz and 1800 MHz C) Asynchronous Transfer Mode
D) 10 MHz and 30 MHz (ATM)
18. What type of connection does a D) Internet Protocol (IP)
traditional landline telephone use?
23. What does a switch do in a circuit- C) To route packets across networks
switched network? D) To establish connections between
A) It creates multiple paths for data web servers
packets. 3. Which protocol is primarily used to
B) It establishes and maintains a transfer files over the Internet?
dedicated connection. A) HTTP
C) It encrypts data for secure B) FTP
transmission. C) SMTP
D) It modulates analog signals for D) SNMP
transmission. 4. What does the term "bandwidth"
24. Which of the following is a common refer to in the context of Internet
application of circuit switching? connections?
A) Streaming video A) The amount of data that can be
B) Voice calls transmitted in a given time period
C) Email transmission B) The speed of the Internet
D) File downloads connection
25. In circuit-switched networks, C) The physical medium used for data
what is the primary resource being transmission
allocated? D) The type of protocol used for
A) Bandwidth communication
B) Processing power Protocols
C) Storage capacity 5. Which of the following protocols is
D) Memory used for sending email?
A) FTP
B) HTTP
Section D C) SMTP
D) ICMP
1. Which of the following best 6. What is the main function of the
describes the Internet? Hypertext Transfer Protocol
A) A private network for government (HTTP)?
use A) To manage email communications
B) A global network of interconnected B) To transfer web pages and other
computers using standard protocols resources on the Internet
C) A single computer system for data C) To establish secure connections
processing D) To transfer files between
D) A type of local area network computers
(LAN) 7. Which protocol is used to retrieve
2. What is the primary purpose of the emails from a mail server?
Domain Name System (DNS)? A) SMTP
A) To secure data transmission over o B) IMAP
the Internet o C) HTTP
B) To translate domain names into IP o D) SNMP
addresses
8. What does the acronym TCP stand 14. What is the main difference
for? between TCP and UDP?
A) Transmission Control Protocol A) TCP is connection-oriented, while
B) Transfer Control Protocol UDP is connectionless.
C) Transmission Communication B) TCP is faster than UDP.
Protocol C) UDP is used for web browsing,
D) Transfer Communication Protocol while TCP is used for email.
9. How many layers are there in the D) TCP requires less bandwidth than
OSI model? UDP.
A) 5 15. Which OSI layer is responsible for
B) 6 error detection and correction?
C) 7 A) Application Layer
D) 8 B) Session Layer
10. Which layer of the OSI model is C) Transport Layer
responsible for routing data D) Data Link Layer
packets? 16. What is the purpose of an IP
o A) Application Layer address?
o B) Transport Layer A) To identify a user's device on a
o C) Network Layer local network
o D) Data Link Layer B) To provide a unique identifier for
11. In the TCP/IP model, which layer devices on the Internet
corresponds to the OSI model's C) To encrypt data sent over the
Transport Layer? Internet
A) Internet Layer D) To determine the speed of an
B) Application Layer Internet connection
C) Transport Layer 17. Which of the following is an
D) Link Layer example of an IPv4 address?
12. What is the primary role of the A) 192.168.1.1
Application Layer in both the OSI B)
and TCP/IP models? 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370
A) To route packets to their :7334
destination C) 300.300.300.300
B) To provide network services to D) 10.0.0.256
end-user applications 18. What is a common use of a firewall
C) To ensure reliable data transfer in network security?
D) To establish physical connections A) To enhance the speed of data
13. Which of the following protocols transmission
operates at the Transport Layer of B) To filter incoming and outgoing
the OSI model? network traffic
A) HTTP C) To provide wireless connectivity
B) IP D) To manage IP address assignments
C) TCP 19. Which protocol is used to secure
D) DNS web traffic?
A) FTP
 B) HTTP 25. Which protocol is used for dynamic
C) HTTPS IP address allocation?
D) SNMP o A) DHCP
20. Which of the following is a feature o B) DNS
of the Simple Network Management o C) ARP
Protocol (SNMP)? o D) ICMP
A) It sends emails securely. 26. What does the acronym ICMP
B) It is used for managing devices on stand for, and what is its primary
IP networks. purpose?
C) It encrypts data for secure A) Internet Control Message Protocol;
transmission. used for error messages and
D) It facilitates file transfers between diagnostics
computers. B) Internet Communication
21. What type of protocol is used for Management Protocol; used for
real-time voice communication over managing connections
the Internet? C) Internal Control Message Protocol;
A) TCP used for internal network
B) UDP communication
C) ICMP D) Internet Connection Management
D) FTP Protocol; used for establishing
22. Which layer of the OSI model is connections
responsible for establishing, 27. Which of the following correctly
maintaining, and terminating describes the relationship between
connections? the OSI and TCP/IP models?
A) Application Layer A) They are completely unrelated
B) Transport Layer models.
C) Session Layer B) TCP/IP is a more comprehensive
D) Network Layer model than OSI.
23. What is the primary function of the C) OSI was developed after TCP/IP as
Link Layer in the TCP/IP model? an improvement.
A) To provide end-to-end D) TCP/IP is a simpler model used
communication primarily for Internet communication.
B) To manage data transmission over 28. What does the acronym NAT stand
a physical medium for, and what is its purpose?
C) To establish connections between A) Network Address Translation; it
applications allows multiple devices on a local
D) To route packets through networks network to share a single public IP
24. In the OSI model, which layer is address.
responsible for translating data o B) Network Access Technology; it
formats between systems? provides access to different types of
o A) Presentation Layer networks.
o B) Application Layer C) Network Application Transfer; it
o C) Session Layer facilitates application-level data
o D) Data Link Layer transfer.
 D) Network Authentication D) It is limited to text files only.
Technology; it secures network 34. Which of the following protocols is
access. used for remote access to network
29. What technology is primarily used devices?
to connect devices in a local area A) FTP
network (LAN)? B) Telnet
A) Fiber Optics C) SMTP
B) Wi-Fi D) SNMP
C) Ethernet 35. In the TCP/IP model, which layer
D) DSL corresponds to the OSI model's
30. Which of the following describes a Application Layer?
"botnet"? A) Application Layer
o A) A network of private computers B) Transport Layer
infected with malware and controlled C) Internet Layer
as a group D) Link Layer
B) A secure network used for private 36. Which OSI layer is responsible for
communications data formatting, encryption, and
C) A type of Internet protocol for compression?
managing networks A) Presentation Layer
D) A network of servers used for B) Session Layer
cloud computing C) Application Layer
31. What is the primary function of a D) Data Link Layer
router in a network? 37. What is the main purpose of the
A) To connect devices within a local Transport Layer in the OSI model?
network A) To provide routing and forwarding
B) To filter and forward packets B) To ensure reliable data transfer
between different networks between devices
C) To store data for retrieval C) To manage sessions between
D) To encrypt data for secure applications
transmission D) To format and encrypt data
Protocols 38. What is a characteristic of the User
32. Which protocol is used for the Datagram Protocol (UDP)?
automatic configuration of devices A) It guarantees message delivery.
on a network? B) It is connection-oriented.
A) DHCP C) It does not guarantee delivery or
B) DNS order of packets.
C) FTP D) It is slower than TCP.
D) ICMP 39. Which of the following is a key
33. What is a primary characteristic of feature of the TCP protocol?
the File Transfer Protocol (FTP)? A) It is connectionless and faster than
A) It provides secure file transfers. UDP.
B) It operates over the HTTP protocol. B) It provides error detection and
C) It can transfer files in both correction.
directions (upload and download).
 C) It does not require packet 45. What is the primary purpose of the
sequencing. Address Resolution Protocol
D) It is used primarily for video (ARP)?
streaming. A) To map IP addresses to physical
40. Which layer of the OSI model MAC addresses
would be responsible for defining B) To encrypt data packets for secure
how data packets are physically transmission
transmitted over a network? C) To manage network traffic
A) Application Layer D) To establish connections between
B) Network Layer applications
C) Data Link Layer 46. Which protocol is primarily used
D) Physical Layer for network management and
41. What is the function of a proxy monitoring?
server? A) SNMP
A) To encrypt data for secure B) HTTP
transmission C) FTP
B) To serve as an intermediary for D) ICMP
requests from clients seeking 47. In the TCP/IP model, what is the
resources from servers main function of the Internet
C) To manage local area network Layer?
traffic A) To provide end-to-end
D) To store data for backup purposes communication
42. Which of the following is an B) To route packets across different
example of a web browser? networks
A) Microsoft Word C) To manage sessions between
B) Google Chrome applications
C) Adobe Photoshop D) To format and encrypt data
D) VLC Media Player 48. What is the role of the Session
43. What does the term "latency" refer Layer in the OSI model?
to in Internet communication? A) To establish, manage, and
A) The amount of data that can be terminate connections between
transmitted applications
B) The time it takes for data to travel B) To provide reliable data transfer
from the source to the destination C) To format and present data
C) The speed of the Internet D) To route packets through the
connection network
D) The reliability of packet delivery 49. Which OSI layer is responsible for
44. Which protocol is used for sending maintaining the quality of the
and receiving secure emails? connection?
A) IMAP A) Transport Layer
B) POP3 B) Network Layer
C) SMTP with TLS/SSL C) Session Layer
D) FTP D) Data Link Layer
50. What is the purpose of the Physical
Layer in the OSI model?
A) To provide routing and addressing
B) To manage the transmission of raw
bit streams over a physical medium
C) To establish connections between
applications
D) To ensure reliable data transfer
51. Which layer in the TCP/IP model is
responsible for providing services to
applications?
A) Link Layer
B) Internet Layer
C) Transport Layer
D) Application Layer
52. What does the acronym VPN stand
for, and what is its primary
purpose?
A) Virtual Private Network; to create
a secure connection over the Internet
B) Virtual Protocol Network; to
manage network traffic
C) Variable Packet Network; to
optimize packet delivery
D) Virtual Public Network; to provide
public access to resources
53. Which of the following is NOT a
function of the Transport Layer?
A) Ensuring data integrity
B) Routing packets through the
network
C) Establishing connections
D) Segmenting data