𝑎

Ans. Sn = u + ( 2n- 1)
2
Q 022. The displacement of a moving particle is given by x=6+18t+9t 2 (x in meter, t in
seconds) what is it’s acceleration at t=2s?
Ans. Differentiation of the given equation eq. w.r.t. time
𝑑𝑥 𝑑
We get 𝑣 = ⁡ = ⁡ (6 + 18𝑡 + 9𝑡 2 ) = 18 + 18𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑣 𝑑
𝑎 =⁡ = ⁡ (18 + 18𝑡) = 18
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑎⁡(𝑎𝑡⁡𝑡 = 2𝑠) = 18⁡𝑚/𝑠
Q 023. What are positive and negative acceleration in straight line motion ?
Ans. If speed of an object increases with time, its acceleration is positive.
(Acceleration is in the direction of motion) and if speed of an object decreases
with time its acceleration is negative (Acceleration is opposite to the direction of
motion).
Q 024. Can a body have zero velocity and still be accelerating ? If yes gives any
situation.
Ans. Yes, at the highest point of vertical upward motion under gravity.
Q 025. The displacement of a body is proportional to
𝑡 3 , where t is time elapsed. What is the nature of
acceleration -time graph of the body ?
Ans.:
𝑑𝑠
𝑎𝑠⁡𝑠⁡𝛼⁡𝑡 3 ⇒ ⁡ 𝑠 = 𝑘⁡𝑡 3 ⁡⁡ ⇒ 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦⁡𝑣 = ⁡ = 3𝑘⁡𝑡 2
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣
⇒ 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛⁡𝑎 = ⁡ = 6𝑘𝑡
𝑑𝑡
⇒⁡Motion is nonuniformly accelerated motion, a - t graph is slant straight-line.
Q 026. Suggest a suitable physical situation for the following graph.
Ans.: A ball thrown up with some initial velocity rebounding from the floor with
reduced speed after each hit.
Q 027. An object is in uniform motion along a straight line, what will be position time
graph for the motion of object, if x0 is position at t = 0 and
(i) x0 = positive, v = negative is constant.
(ii) both x0 and v are negative | v | is constant.
(iii) x0 = negative, v = positive is constant.
(iv) both x0 and v are positive is constant.
Ans.: If velocity is constant then x-t graph remain slant straight line.

49
Q 028. A cyclist starts from centre O of a circular park of radius 1 km and moves
along the path OPRQO as shown. If he maintains constant speed of 10 m/s, what
is his acceleration at point R in magnitude & direction?

𝑣2 102
𝐴𝑛𝑠 ∶ 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙⁡𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑎 = =⁡ = 0.1⁡𝑚𝑠 −2 ⁡𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔⁡𝑅𝑂⁡
𝑟 1000
Q 029. What will be the effect on horizontal range of a projectile when its initial
velocity is doubled keeping angle of projection same ?
𝑢2 ⁡sin 2𝜃
𝐴𝑛𝑠:⁡⁡𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒⁡𝑅 = ⁡ ⟹ 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒⁡𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠⁡4⁡𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠
𝑔
Q 030. The greatest height to which a man can throw a stone is h. What will be the
greatest distance upto which he can throw the stone?
𝑢2 sin2 𝜃 𝑢2
𝐴𝑛𝑠:⁡⁡ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡⁡𝐻 = ⁡ ⇒ 𝐻𝑚𝑎𝑥 = =ℎ
2𝑔 2𝑔
𝑢2 ⁡
⇒ 𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒⁡𝑅 = = ⁡2ℎ⁡⁡
𝑔
Q 031. A person sitting in a train moving at constant velocity throws a ball vertically
upwards. How will the ball appear to move to an observer?
(i) Sitting inside the train
(ii) Standing outside the train
Ans: (i) Vertical straight line motion

50
 (ii) Parabolic path.
Q 032. Show that when the horizontal range is maximum, height attained by the body
is one fourth the maximum range in the projectile motion.
Ans : We know that the horizontal range
𝑢2 ⁡sin 2𝜃 𝑢2 ⁡
𝐴𝑛𝑠:⁡𝑅 = ⁡ ⇒ 𝑅𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ⁡𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛⁡𝜃 = 450 ⁡
𝑔 𝑔
𝑢2 sin2 𝜃 𝑢2 𝑅𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡⁡𝐻 = ⁡ ⇒ 𝐻𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛⁡𝜃 = 450
2𝑔 4𝑔 4
Q 033. State the parallelogram law of vector addition along with formula. A man is
crossing a river flowing with velocity of 5 m/s. He
reaches a point directly across at a distance of 60
m in 5 sec. His velocity in still water should be
Ans. The addition of two vector 𝐴⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗ and 𝐵
⃗⃗ is
⃗⃗
resultant 𝑅 then ⃗
⃗⃗
𝑹 =𝑨+𝑩⃗
⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗
𝐵⁡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
And according to parallelogram law 𝑅 = √𝐴2 + 𝐵 2 + 2𝐴𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 and tan 𝛽 = 𝐴+𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
And β is the angle which 𝑅⃗⃗ makes with the direction of ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴⁡.
If a person crosses a river while it's flowing at a certain velocity and reaches a point
directly across the river in a given amount of time,
𝐴 𝑣 5
then β =900 => 𝐴 + 𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 0 => 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = − 𝐵 = − 𝑣𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟 = − 𝑣
𝑚𝑎𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑛
𝑑 60
ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒⁡𝑅 = ⁡ 𝑣𝑛𝑒𝑡 = = = 12⁡𝑚/𝑠⁡𝑎𝑛𝑑⁡𝐴 = 𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑛 ⁡𝑎𝑛𝑑⁡𝐵 = ⁡ 𝑣𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟 = 5𝑚/𝑠
𝑡 5
using the above formula:
𝑣𝑛𝑒𝑡 = √(𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑛 )2 + (𝑣𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟 )2 +2𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑛 𝑣𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
5
12 = √(𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑛 )2 + (5)2 +2𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑛 𝑥5𝑥 (− ) => 144 = (𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑛 )2 + 25 − 50
𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑛
(𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑛 )2 = 144 + 25 = 169 => ⁡ 𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑛 = 13⁡𝑚/𝑠⁡

Q 034. Write vector the relation between linear velocity and angular velocity.
Ans : The expression is
⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝜔⁡
𝑣⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗x⁡𝑟⁡
⃗⃗⃗
Q 035. What do you mean by rectangular components of a vector? Explain how a
vector can be resolved into two rectangular components in a plane.
Ans: see in topic rectangular components of a vector
Short answer questions ( 3 marks )
Q 036. A car travels along a straight road with an initial velocity of 20 m/s. It accelerates
uniformly at 2 m/s² for 10 seconds. Calculate:
(a) The final velocity of the car.
(b) The total distance covered by the car during this time.
Ans:
(a) Using the equation of motion v=u+at

51
 𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡 => 𝑣 = 20 + 2𝑋10 = 40𝑚/𝑠
1
(b) Using the equation 𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2

1
=> 𝑠 = 20x10 + 2 x2x10x10 = 200 + 100 = 300𝑚
Q 037. A body is projected at an angle Θ with the horizontal. Derive an expression for
its horizontal range. Show that there are two angles Θ 1 and Θ2 projections for the
same horizontal range. Such that (𝜃1 + 𝜃2 ) = 900.
𝑢2 ⁡sin 2𝜃1 𝑢2 ⁡sin 2𝜃2
𝐴𝑛𝑠:⁡𝑅 = = ⇒ sin 2𝜃1 = sin 2𝜃2
𝑔 𝑔
⇒ 𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟⁡2𝜃1 = 2𝜃2 ⁡𝑜𝑟⁡2𝜃1 = 180𝑜 − 2𝜃2 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒⁡ sin 2𝜃2 = sin(180𝑜 − 2𝜃2 )⁡
⇒ 2𝜃1 + 2𝜃2 = 180𝑜 ⇒ 𝜃1 + 𝜃2 = 90𝑜

Q 038. Is it possible that there are two values of time for which a projectile is at the
same height? If yes, show that the sum of these two times is equal to the time of
flight.
1
𝐴𝑛𝑠:⁡𝐴𝑡⁡𝑎𝑛𝑦⁡𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒⁡𝑡⁡ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡⁡𝑜𝑓⁡𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒⁡𝑖𝑠⁡𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛⁡𝑏𝑦⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡ℎ = 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃⁡𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2
Since the equation is quadratic therefore it is possible that there are two
values of time for which a projectile is at the same height. Using quadratic
formula,
1
−𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ± √(𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)2 − 4x 2 𝑔x(−ℎ) −𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + √(𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)2 + 2𝑔ℎ
𝑡= => ⁡ 𝑡1 =
1 𝑔⁡
2x 2 𝑔⁡
−𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − √(𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)2 + 2𝑔ℎ
𝑎𝑛𝑑⁡𝑡2 =
𝑔⁡
2𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
=> 𝑡1 + 𝑡2 = = 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒⁡𝑜𝑓⁡𝑓𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
𝑔⁡
Q 039. Draw position –time graphs of two objects , A and B moving along straight line,
when their relative velocity is zero.
Ans:-

Q 040. A plane is flying north with a velocity of 250 km/h, while a wind is blowing from
the west at 50 km/h. Determine the resultant velocity of the plane with respect to
the ground in terms of magnitude and direction.

52
 Ans: Given: Represent velocities as vectors:
Velocity of the plane (northward): 𝑣⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 = 250𝑘𝑚⁡ℎ−1 ⁡𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ = +250𝑘𝑚⁡ℎ−1
Velocity of the wind (westward): 𝑣⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑 = 50𝑘𝑚⁡ℎ−1 ⁡𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡 = −50𝑘𝑚⁡ℎ−1
(since northward and eastward is taken as positive direction)
Vector addition to find resultant velocity:
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = 𝑣⁡
𝑣⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 + 𝑣⁡
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑
Magnitude and direction of the resultant velocity: = |𝑣⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 |
|𝑣⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 |2 + |𝑣⁡
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 | = √|𝑣⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑 |2 ⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑎𝑠⁡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒⁡𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛⁡𝑣⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑠⁡90𝑜 ⁡
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 ⁡𝑎𝑛𝑑⁡𝑣⁡

⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 | = √(+250)2 + (−50)2 = ⁡ √62500 + 2500 = 255.1𝑘𝑚⁡ℎ−1 ⁡

|𝑣⁡

𝐵⁡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
Direction: The direction of the resultant velocity can be found using tan 𝛽 =
𝐴+𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 ⁡𝑠𝑖𝑛90𝑜
𝑣⁡ +250
tan 𝛽 = 𝑜
= = −5 => ⁡𝛽 = tan−1(−5) = −78.69𝑜
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑 + 𝑣⁡
𝑣⁡ ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠90 −50

Since the direction 𝛽 is negative, it indicates westward direction relative to north (or
101.31𝑜 east of north).

Conclusion:

The resultant velocity of the plane with respect to the ground is approximately 255.1
km/h at an angle of about 101.31𝑜 east of north. This means the plane is moving
northeastward relative to the ground due to the combined effect of its own velocity
and the wind.

Q 041. A stone of mass 0.2 kg is tied to a string of length 1 meter and swung in a
horizontal circle at a constant speed of 4 m/s.
(a) Calculate the tension in the string.
(b) Determine the magnitude of the stone's centripetal acceleration.

Ans:

Given: m is the mass of the stone, m=0.2 kg

v is the speed of the stone, v=4 m/s
r is the radius of the circular path, r=1 m (length of the string)

(a) Calculation of tension in the string:

To find the tension T in the string, we consider the forces acting on the stone in
circular motion. The tension provides the centripetal force necessary to keep the
stone moving in a circle.

𝑚𝑣 2
In uniform circular motion, the centripetal force 𝐹𝑐 = 𝑟
𝑚𝑣 2 0.2𝑋4𝑋4
𝐹𝑐 = = = 3.2𝑁
𝑟 1
Therefore, the tension in the string T = the centripetal force Fc=3.2 N
(b) Calculation of centripetal acceleration:
53
 𝑣2 4𝑋4
Centripetal acceleration 𝑎𝑐 = = = 16𝑚𝑠 −2
𝑟 1
Therefore, the magnitude of the stone's centripetal acceleration is 16𝑚𝑠 −2 .

Q 042. When the angle between two vectors of equal magnitudes is 2π/3, prove that
the magnitude of the resultant is equal to either.
Ans: According to parallelogram law 𝑅 = √𝐴2 + 𝐵 2 + 2𝐴𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝐵⁡𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
and tan 𝛽 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗.
⁡⁡ Here β is the angle which 𝑅⃗⃗ makes with the direction of 𝐴⁡
𝐴+𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

2𝜋 2𝜋 2𝜋 1
ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒⁡𝜃 = ⁡𝑎𝑛𝑑⁡𝐴 = 𝐵⁡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛⁡𝑅 = √𝐴2 + 𝐴2 + 2⁡𝐴2 cos ⁡⁡𝑎𝑛𝑑⁡ cos =−
3 3 3 2
=> 𝑅 = √𝐴2 + 𝐴2 − ⁡ 𝐴2 ⁡ = 𝐴⁡
Q 043. A ball thrown vertically upwards with a speed of 19.6 m/s from the top of a tower
returns to the earth in 6s. find the height of the tower. ( g = 9.8 m/sec2)
1
𝐴𝑛𝑠:⁡𝐴𝑡⁡𝑎𝑛𝑦⁡𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒⁡𝑡⁡𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡⁡𝑜𝑓⁡𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒⁡𝑖𝑠⁡𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛⁡𝑏𝑦⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡ℎ = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2
𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒, 𝑡 = 6𝑠, ℎ = −𝐻, 𝑢 = +19.6𝑚𝑠 −1 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑⁡𝑔 = ⁡ −9.8𝑚𝑠 −2
1
𝑠𝑜, −𝐻 = 19.6𝑋6 + 𝑋(−9.8)𝑋62 = 117.6 − 176.4 = −58.8𝑚 => 𝐻 = 58.8𝑚
2
⃗⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + λ 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ and ⃗𝑩
Q 044. Find the value of λ so that the vector ⃗𝑨 ̂– 2𝑘̂ are
⃗⃗ = 4𝑖̂ – 2𝑗⁡
perpendicular to each.
⃗⃗⃗. 𝑩
𝐴𝑛𝑠:⁡𝐼𝑓⁡𝑡𝑤𝑜⁡𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠⁡𝑎𝑟𝑒⁡𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟⁡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛⁡𝑨 ⃗⃗⃗ = 0⁡

=> ⁡⁡ (2𝑖̂ ⁡ + ⁡λ⁡𝑗̂ ⁡ + ⁡ 𝑘̂). (4𝑖̂⁡– ⁡2𝑗⁡

̂– ⁡2𝑘̂) = 0 => 4 − 2λ − 2 = 0 => λ = 1
Q 045. Show that a given gun will shoot three times as high when elevated at angle of
600 as when fired at angle of 300 but will carry the same distance on a horizontal
plane.
𝑢2 sin2 𝜃 3𝑢2 𝑢2
𝐴𝑛𝑠:⁡⁡ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡⁡𝐻 = ⁡ ⇒ 𝐻60 = ⁡𝑎𝑛𝑑⁡𝐻30 = ⇒ 𝐻60 = 3𝐻30
2𝑔 8𝑔 8𝑔
𝑢2 ⁡sin 2𝜃 √3𝑢2 ⁡ √3𝑢2 ⁡
𝑅= ⁡ ⇒ 𝑅60 = ⁡𝑎𝑛𝑑⁡⁡𝑅30 = ⁡𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒⁡ sin(2x60) = sin(2x30)⁡
𝑔 2𝑔 2𝑔
Long answer question ( 5 marks)
Q 046. Draw velocity- time graph of
(i) motion of an object thrown vertically upward.
(ii) projectile motion.
(iii) motion of an object thrown horizontally from height h.

54