ATOM AND NUCLEI

REVISION QUESTION BANK

XII PHYSICS
OBJECTIVE TYPE
1. In an experiment on scattering of α-particles by a gold nucleus, the closest distance of
approach is 30 fermi. If the velocity of the α-particle is doubled, the closest distance of
approach will
(A) remain unaltered (B) double
(C) reduce to a value half of the original value (D) reduce to (1/4)th the original value
2) α-particles of energy 400 KeV are bombarded on nucleus of 82Pb. In scattering of α-
particles,
its minimum distance from nucleus will be
(A) 0.59 nm (B) 0.59 Å (C) 0.59 μm (D) 0.59 pm
3) α-particles are projected towards the nuclei of the following metals with the same kinetic
energy. The distance of closest approach is minimum for
(A) Cu (Z = 29) (B) Ag (Z = 47) (C) Au (Z = 79) (D) Pd (Z=46).
4) In the Bohr’s model of a hydrogen atom, the centripetal force is furnished by the Coulomb
attraction between the proton and the electron. If r0 is the radius of the ground state orbit, m
is the mass and e is the charge on the electron and ε0 is the permittivity of vacuum, the speed
of the electron is

5) The ratio of time taken by the electron to go once round the nucleus in the orbits of radii R
and 4R of hydrogen atom is
(A) 1 : 4 (B) 1 : 8 (C) 1 : 64 (D) 64 : 1.
6) For an electron revolving in a H-like atom, the radii of the first three orbits are r1, r2 and
r3 and the corresponding period of revolution are T1, T2 and T3, Then,
(A) r1 : r2 : r3 .....1: 2 :3.....and T1 : T2 : T3 ......1: 4 :9
(B) r1 : r2 : r3 .....1: 4 :9.....and T1 : T2 : T3 ......1: 4 :9
(C) r1 : r2 : r3 ....1: 2 :3.....and T1 : T2 : T3 ......1:8: 27
(D)r1 : r2 : r3 .....1: 4 :9.....and T1 : T2 : T3 ......1:8: 27
7) The diameter of the Bohr orbit in hydrogen atom is 1.06 x 10−10 m. The diameter of the
second orbit will be
(A) 4.24 x 10−10 m (B) 2.12 x 10−10 m (C) 8.48 x 10−10 m (D) 1.06 x 10−10 m
8) An electron in a hydrogen atom makes a transition from n = n1 to n = n2. The time period
ofthe electron in the initial state is eight times that in the final state. The possible values of n1
and n2 are
(A) n1 = 8, n2 = 1 (B) n1 = 8, n2 = 2 (C) n1 = 4, n2 = 2 (D) n1 = 5, n2 = 3
9) In the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, let R, v and E represent the radius of the orbit,
the speed of electron and the total energy of the electron respectively. The quantity that is
proportional to the quantum number n is
(A) R v (B) RE (C) Ev (D)𝐸/𝑅
10) A hydrogen atom is excited from its ground state to the state with n = 4. The energy
absorbed by the atom is
(A) 0.85 eV (B) 1.51 eV (C) 13.6 eV (D) 12.75 eV
11) The ratio of the shortest wavelength of the Balmer series to the shortest wavelength of the
Lyman series is
(A) 4 : 1 (B) 4 : 3 (C) 4 : 9 (D) 5 : 9.
12) The wavelength of first line of Balmer series is 6563 Å. The wavelength of first line of
Lyman series will be
(A) 1215 Å (B) 2500 Å (C) 7500 Å (D) 600 Å
13) If λ1 and λ2 are the wavelengths members of the first line of Lyman and Paschen series
respectively, then λ1 : λ2 is
(A) 1 : 3 (B) 1 : 30 (C) 7 : 50 (D) 7 : 108
14) Of the following transitions in the Hydrogen atom, the one which gives an emission line
of the highest frequency is
(A) n = 3 to n = 1 (B) n = 4 to n = 1 (C) n = 3 to n = 2 (D) n = 2 to n = 1.
15) According to Bohr’s theory (assuming infinite mass of the nucleus), the frequency of the
second line of the Balmer series is
(A) 6.16 × 1014 Hz (B) 6.16 × 1013 Hz (C) 6.16 × 1015 Hz (D) 6.16 × 1016 Hz.
16) If the wavelength of the first line of the Balmer series of hydrogen is 6561 Å, the
wavelength of the second line of this series should be
(A) 13122 Å (B) 3280 Å (C) 4860 Å (D) 2187 Å.
ASSERTION REASONING QUESTIONS
Directions: Two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled
Reason (R).
Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given
below.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true and R is NOT the correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false and R is also false
1) ASSERTION: Both the Thomson's as well as the Rutherford's models constitute an
unstable system.
REASON: Thomson's model is unstable electro-statically while Rutherford's model is
unstable because of electromagnetic radiation of orbiting electrons.
2) ASSERTION: Bohr's orbits are regions where the electron may be found with large
probability.
REASON: The orbital picture in Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom was inconsistent with
the uncertainty principle.
3) ASSERTION: Bohr's model with its planet-like electron is not applicable to many
electron atoms.
REASON: Unlike the situation in the solar system, where planet-planet gravitational forces
are very small as compared to the gravitational force of the sun on each planet, the electron-
electron electric force interaction is comparable in magnitude to the electron nucleus electric
force.
4) ASSERTION: In Bohr model, the frequency of revolution of an electron in its orbit is not
connected to the frequency of spectral line for smaller principal quantum number n.
REASON: For transitions between large quantum number the frequency of revolution of an
electron
in its orbit is connected to the frequency of spectral line.
5) ASSERTION: Total energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom is negative.
REASON: Electron is bounded to the nucleus.
6) ASSERTION: According to Bohr’s atomic model the ratio of angular momenta of an
electron in first excited state and in ground state is 2:1.
REASON: In a Bohr’s atom the angular momentum of the electron is directly proportional to
the principal quantum number.
7) ASSERTION: If a beam of photons of energy 10.0 eV each, is incident on a sample of
hydrogen gas containing all atoms in the ground state, then the beam of the photons is
completely transmitted through the gas without absorption.
REASON: The minimum energy required by an electron to make a transition to an excited
state is 10.2 eV.
8) ASSERTION: Balmer series lies, in the visible region of electromagnetic spectrum.
REASON: Balmer series if formed when the electron jumps from any higher excited state to
first excited state.
9) ASSERTION: Bohr had to postulate that the electrons in stationary orbits around the
nucleus do not radiate.
REASON: According to classical physics all accelerating electrons radiate.
10) ASSERTION: It is essential that all the lines available in the emission spectrum will also
be available in the absorption spectrum.
REASON: The spectrum of hydrogen atom is only absorption spectrum.

NUCLEI

1. Two spherical nuclei have mass numbers 216 and 64 with their radii R1 and R2
respectively. The ratio R1 / R2 is equal to
(a) 3:2 (b) 1:3 (c)1:2 (d)2:3
2) The difference in mass 7X nucleus and total mass of its constituent nucleons is 21.00 u.
The binding energy per nucleon for this nucleus is equal to the energy equivalent of
(a) 3u (b)3.5u (c)7u (d) 21u
3) The binding energy of deuteron is 2.2 MeV and that of 2He4 is 28 MeV. If two deuterons
are fused to form one 2He4 then the energy released is:
(a) 25.8 MeV (b) 23.6 MeV (c) 19.2 MeV (d) 30.2 MeV
4) The binding energy per nucleon of 8O16 is 7.97 MeV and that of 8O17 is 7.75 MeV. The
energy (in MeV) required to remove a neutron from 8O17 is:
(a) 0.42 MeV (b) 7.86 MeV (c) 4.23 MeV (d) 3.64 MeV
5) Two nuclei have their mass numbers in the ratio of 1: 27. What is the ratio of their nuclear
densities?
(a) 1: 27 (b) 1 : 1 (c) 1 : 9 (d) 1 : 3
6) A nucleus with mass number 220 initially at rest emits an α-particle. If the Q value of the
reaction is 5.5 MeV, the kinetic energy of the α-particle is:
(a) 6.5 MeV (b) 5.6 MeV (c) 5.4 MeV (d) 4.4 MeV
7) Given figure shows a plot of binding energy per nucleon Eb against the nuclear mass M.
A, B, C, D, E, F correspond to different nuclei. Consider four reactions

(i) A + B → C + e (ii) C → A + B + e
(iii) D + E → F + e (iv) F → D + E + e
In which reactions is e positive? Where e is the energy released.
(a) (i) and (iv) (b) (ii) and (iv) (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (i) and (ii)
8) A nucleus ruptures into two nuclear parts which have their velocity ratio equal to 2 : 1.
What will be the ratio of their nuclear size (nuclear radius)

9. The Nucleus of an atom consists of a tightly packed arrangement of protons and neutrons.
These are the two heavy particles in an atom and hence 99.9% of the mass is concentrated in
the nucleus. Of the two, the protons possess a net positive charge and hence the nucleus of an
atom is positively charged on the whole and the negatively charged electrons revolve around
the central nucleus. Since the mass concentration at the nucleus of an atom is immense the
nuclear forces holding the protons and the neutrons together are also large.
(i) The density of a nucleus is of the order of
(a) 1015 kg m-3 (b) 1018 kg m-3 (c) 1017 kg m-3 (d) 1016 kg m-3
(ii) Nuclear force is:
(a) strong, short range and charge independent force
(b) charge independent, attractive and long-range force
(c) strong, charge dependent and short range attractive force
(d) long range, change dependent and attractive force
(iii) The mass no. of a nucleus is M and its atomic no. is Z. The number of neutrons in the
nucleus is
(a) (M – Z )/M
(b) M
(c) Z
(d) M + Z
(iv) The atomic mass number is equivalent to which of the following?
(a) The number of neutrons in the atom.
(b) The number of proton in the atom.
(c) The number of nucleons in the atom.
(d) The number of alpha particles in the atom
10. Which of the following quantities is not conserved in a nuclear reaction?
(a) Mass (b) Charge (c) Momentum (d) None of the above
11) Sun’s radiant energy is due to
(a) Nuclear Fusion (b)Nuclear Fission
(c)Photoelectric Effect (d)Radioactive Decay
12) The atomic number of an atom indicates
(a) Number of electrons (b) Number of protons
(c)Number neutrons (d) Both number of protons and neutrons
13) The volume of the nucleus is:
(a) directly proportional to the number of neutrons
(b) directly proportional to the atomic number
(c) directly proportional to the number of mesons
(d) directly proportional to the mass number
14) The curve of binding energy per nucleon as a function of atomic mass number has a sharp
peak for helium nucleus. This implies that helium nucleus is
(a) radioactive
(b) unstable
(c) easily fissionable
(d) more stable nucleus than its neighbours
15) The mass density of a nucleus of mass number A is:
(a) proportional to A1/3
(b) proportional to A2/3
(c) independent of A
(d) proportional to A
16) The binding energy per nucleon is lower :
(a) for light nuclei only (b) for heavy nuclei only
(c) for nuclei of middle mass numbers only
(d) both for the light nuclei and the heavy nuclei.
ASSERTION AND REASON QUESTIONS
Select the most appropriate Answer from the options given below:
(a) Assertion is true, reason is true; reason is a correct explanation for assertion.
(b) Assertion is true, reason is true; reason is not a correct explanation for assertion
(c) Assertion is true, reason is false
(d) Assertion is false, reason is true.
1) Assertion: Density of all the nuclei is same.
Reason: Radius of nucleus is directly proportional to the cube root of mass number.
2) Assertion: The mass number of a nucleus is always less than its atomic number.
Reason: Mass number of a nucleus may be equal to its atomic number.
3) Assertion: Fusion of hydrogen nuclei into helium nuclei is the source of energy of all
stars.
Reason: In fusion heavier nuclei split to form lighter nuclei.
4) Assertion: Neutrons penetrate matter more readily as compared to protons.
Reason: Neutrons are slightly more massive than protons
5) Assertion(A) : The fusion process occurs at extremely high temperatures.
Reason (R) : For fusion of two nuclei, enormously high kinetic energy is required.
6) Assertion(A) : The large angle scattering of a-particle is only due to nuclei.
Reason(R) : Nucleus is very heavy as compared to electrons.
7) Assertion (A) : The nucleus 3X7 is more stable than the nucleus 3Y4
Reason(R) : 3X7 contains more number of protons.
8) Assertion : Fragments produced in the fission of U235 are radioactive.
Reason : The fragments have abnormally high proton to neutron ratio.
9) Asertion: The binding energy per nucleon, for nuclei with atomic mass number A > 100,
decrease with A.
Reason: The forces are weak for heavier nuclei.
10) Assertion: It is not possible to use 35Cl as the fuel for fusion energy.
Reason: The binding energy of 35Cl is to small.