UNIT-1

Q.1 services model in cloud computing

Platform as a Service
PaaS is a category of cloud computing that provides a platform and environment to
allow developers to build applications and services over the internet. PaaS
services are hosted in the cloud and accessed by users simply via their web
browser.
A PaaS provider hosts the hardware and software on its own infrastructure. As a
result, PaaS frees users from having to install in-house hardware and software to
develop or run a new application. Thus, the development and deployment of the
application take place independent of the hardware.
The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure
including network, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the
deployed applications and possibly configuration settings for the application-
hosting environment. To make it simple, take the example of an annual day function,
you will have two options either to create a venue or to rent a venue but the
function is the same.

Advantages of PaaS:
Simple and convenient for users: It provides much of the infrastructure and other
IT services, which users can access anywhere via a web browser.
Cost-Effective: It charges for the services provided on a per-use basis thus
eliminating the expenses one may have for on-premises hardware and software.
Efficiently managing the lifecycle: It is designed to support the complete web
application lifecycle: building, testing, deploying, managing, and updating.
Efficiency: It allows for higher-level programming with reduced complexity thus,
the overall development of the application can be more effective.
The various companies providing Platform as a service are Amazon Web services
Elastic Beanstalk, Salesforce, Windows Azure, Google App Engine, cloud Bees and IBM
smart cloud.

Disadvantages of Paas:

Limited control over infrastructure: PaaS providers typically manage the underlying
infrastructure and take care of maintenance and updates, but this can also mean
that users have less control over the environment and may not be able to make
certain customizations.
Dependence on the provider: Users are dependent on the PaaS provider for the
availability, scalability, and reliability of the platform, which can be a risk if
the provider experiences outages or other issues.
Limited flexibility: PaaS solutions may not be able to accommodate certain types of
workloads or applications, which can limit the value of the solution for certain
organizations.

Software as a Service(SaaS)
Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) is a way of delivering services and applications over
the Internet. Instead of installing and maintaining software, we simply access it
via the Internet, freeing ourselves from the complex software and hardware
management. It removes the need to install and run applications on our own
computers or in the data centers eliminating the expenses of hardware as well as
software maintenance.
SaaS provides a complete software solution that you purchase on a pay-as-you-go
basis from a cloud service provider. Most SaaS applications can be run directly
from a web browser without any downloads or installations required. The SaaS
applications are sometimes called Web-based software, on-demand software, or hosted
software.

Advantages of SaaS
Cost-Effective: Pay only for what you use.
Reduced time: Users can run most SaaS apps directly from their web browser without
needing to download and install any software. This reduces the time spent in
installation and configuration and can reduce the issues that can get in the way of
the software deployment.
Accessibility: We can Access app data from anywhere.
Automatic updates: Rather than purchasing new software, customers rely on a SaaS
provider to automatically perform the updates.
Scalability: It allows the users to access the services and features on-demand.
The various companies providing Software as a service are Cloud9 Analytics,
Salesforce.com, Cloud Switch, Microsoft Office 365, Big Commerce, Eloqua, dropBox,
and Cloud Tran.

Disadvantages of Saas :

Limited customization: SaaS solutions are typically not as customizable as on-

premises software, meaning that users may have to work within the constraints of
the SaaS provider’s platform and may not be able to tailor the software to their
specific needs.
Dependence on internet connectivity: SaaS solutions are typically cloud-based,
which means that they require a stable internet connection to function properly.
This can be problematic for users in areas with poor connectivity or for those who
need to access the software in offline environments.
Security concerns: SaaS providers are responsible for maintaining the security of
the data stored on their servers, but there is still a risk of data breaches or
other security incidents.
Limited control over data: SaaS providers may have access to a user’s data, which
can be a concern for organizations that need to maintain strict control over their
data for regulatory or other reasons.

Infrastructure as a Service
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is a service model that delivers computer
infrastructure on an outsourced basis to support various operations. Typically IaaS
is a service where infrastructure is provided as outsourcing to enterprises such as
networking equipment, devices, database, and web servers.
It is also known as Hardware as a Service (HaaS). IaaS customers pay on a per-user
basis, typically by the hour, week, or month. Some providers also charge customers
based on the amount of virtual machine space they use.
It simply provides the underlying operating systems, security, networking, and
servers for developing such applications, and services, and deploying development
tools, databases, etc.

Advantages of IaaS:
Cost-Effective: Eliminates capital expense and reduces ongoing cost and IaaS
customers pay on a per-user basis, typically by the hour, week, or month.
Website hosting: Running websites using IaaS can be less expensive than traditional
web hosting.
Security: The IaaS Cloud Provider may provide better security than your existing
software.
Maintenance: There is no need to manage the underlying data center or the
introduction of new releases of the development or underlying software. This is all
handled by the IaaS Cloud Provider.
The various companies providing Infrastructure as a service are Amazon web
services, Bluestack, IBM, Openstack, Rackspace, and Vmware.

Disadvantages of laaS :

Limited control over infrastructure: IaaS providers typically manage the underlying
infrastructure and take care of maintenance and updates, but this can also mean
that users have less control over the environment and may not be able to make
certain customizations.
Security concerns: Users are responsible for securing their own data and
applications, which can be a significant undertaking.
Limited access: Cloud computing may not be accessible in certain regions and
countries due to legal policies.

Q.2 evolution of cc

1. **Distributed Computing (1950s)**: Computers started working together to share

tasks and resources.

2. **Mainframe Computing**: Powerful central computers were used, and people

accessed them through basic terminals.

3. **Cluster Computing**: Multiple computers were grouped together to work as one

system for better performance.

4. **Grid Computing**: Computers in different locations worked together to solve

big problems.

5. **Virtualization**: One physical computer could run many virtual computers,

making better use of resources.

6. **Web 2.0**: Websites became interactive, allowing users to create and share
content online (e.g., social media).

7. **Service Orientation**: Services like apps, platforms, and infrastructure were

offered over the internet.

8. **Utility Computing**: Computing became like electricity—you only pay for what
you use.

9. **Cloud Computing (2007+)**: Combined all these ideas to provide fast, flexible,
and affordable access to computing resources online.

Q.3 cloud deployment model

What is a Cloud Deployment Model?
Cloud Deployment Model functions as a virtual computing environment with a
deployment architecture that varies depending on the amount of data you want to
store and who has access to the infrastructure.

Public Cloud
The public cloud makes it possible for anybody to access systems and services. The
public cloud may be less secure as it is open to everyone. The public cloud is one
in which cloud infrastructure services are provided over the internet to the
general people or major industry groups. The infrastructure in this cloud model is
owned by the entity that delivers the cloud services, not by the consumer. It is a
type of cloud hosting that allows customers and users to easily access systems and
services. This form of cloud computing is an excellent example of cloud hosting, in
which service providers supply services to a variety of customers. In this
arrangement, storage backup and retrieval services are given for free, as a
subscription, or on a per-user basis. For example, Google App Engine etc.

Public Cloud
Public Cloud
Advantages of the Public Cloud Model
Minimal Investment: Because it is a pay-per-use service, there is no substantial
upfront fee, making it excellent for enterprises that require immediate access to
resources.
No setup cost: The entire infrastructure is fully subsidized by the cloud service
providers, thus there is no need to set up any hardware.
Infrastructure Management is not required: Using the public cloud does not
necessitate infrastructure management.
No maintenance: The maintenance work is done by the service provider (not users).
Dynamic Scalability: To fulfill your company’s needs, on-demand resources are
accessible.
Disadvantages of the Public Cloud Model
Less secure: Public cloud is less secure as resources are public so there is no
guarantee of high-level security.
Low customization: It is accessed by many public so it can’t be customized
according to personal requirements.
Private Cloud
The private cloud deployment model is the exact opposite of the public cloud
deployment model. It’s a one-on-one environment for a single user (customer). There
is no need to share your hardware with anyone else. The distinction between private
and public clouds is in how you handle all of the hardware. It is also called the
“internal cloud” & it refers to the ability to access systems and services within a
given border or organization. The cloud platform is implemented in a cloud-based
secure environment that is protected by powerful firewalls and under the
supervision of an organization’s IT department. The private cloud gives greater
flexibility of control over cloud resources.

Private Cloud
Private Cloud

Advantages of the Private Cloud Model

Better Control: You are the sole owner of the property. You gain complete command
over service integration, IT operations, policies, and user behavior.
Data Security and Privacy: It’s suitable for storing corporate information to which
only authorized staff have access. By segmenting resources within the same
infrastructure, improved access and security can be achieved.
Supports Legacy Systems: This approach is designed to work with legacy systems that
are unable to access the public cloud.
Customization: Unlike a public cloud deployment, a private cloud allows a company
to tailor its solution to meet its specific needs.

Disadvantages of the Private Cloud Model

Less scalable: Private clouds are scaled within a certain range as there is less
number of clients.
Costly: Private clouds are more costly as they provide personalized facilities.
Hybrid Cloud
By bridging the public and private worlds with a layer of proprietary software,
hybrid cloud computing gives the best of both worlds. With a hybrid solution, you
may host the app in a safe environment while taking advantage of the public cloud’s
cost savings. Organizations can move data and applications between different clouds
using a combination of two or more cloud deployment methods, depending on their
needs.

Hybrid Cloud
Hybrid Cloud

Advantages of the Hybrid Cloud Model

Flexibility and control: Businesses with more flexibility can design personalized
solutions that meet their particular needs.
Cost: Because public clouds provide scalability, you’ll only be responsible for
paying for the extra capacity if you require it.
Security: Because data is properly separated, the chances of data theft by
attackers are considerably reduced.

Disadvantages of the Hybrid Cloud Model

Difficult to manage: Hybrid clouds are difficult to manage as it is a combination

of both public and private cloud. So, it is complex.
Slow data transmission: Data transmission in the hybrid cloud takes place through
the public cloud so latency occurs.
Community Cloud
It allows systems and services to be accessible by a group of organizations. It is
a distributed system that is created by integrating the services of different
clouds to address the specific needs of a community, industry, or business. The
infrastructure of the community could be shared between the organization which has
shared concerns or tasks. It is generally managed by a third party or by the
combination of one or more organizations in the community.

Community Cloud
Community Cloud

Advantages of the Community Cloud Model

Cost Effective: It is cost-effective because the cloud is shared by multiple
organizations or communities.
Security: Community cloud provides better security.
Shared resources: It allows you to share resources, infrastructure, etc. with
multiple organizations.
Collaboration and data sharing: It is suitable for both collaboration and data
sharing.

Disadvantages of the Community Cloud Model

Limited Scalability: Community cloud is relatively less scalable as many
organizations share the same resources according to their collaborative interests.
Rigid in customization: As the data and resources are shared among different
organizations according to their mutual interests if an organization wants some
changes according to their needs they cannot do so because it will have an impact
on other organizations.