Modeling and Simulation Smart Grid Power System

in Simulink
Sanjeev Kumar Jassi1, Rupinderjit Singh1, Rob Stonehouse 2
1
Electrical Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
2
Digital and Engineering Academy Manager, Milton Keynes College, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom

Corresponding author: Sanjeev Kumar Jassi (e-mail: sanjeev.jassi@mkcollege.ac.uk).

Article Info
ABSTRACT Energy Generation is a big problem in developing and developed
countries. Its supply and demand is an issue as Energy Consumption is always
Received: March 17, 2020 higher than Energy production. Renewable Energy sources are playing a significant
Accepted: August 08, 2020
Published: August 17, 2020 role in bridging the gap between energy generation and consumption. Photovoltaic
Solar panels and wind generators are now widely available that can be used in order
to conserve non-renewable resources. Wind Generator with Doubly-fed induction
generator (DFIG) system is quite common in which the power electronic interface
controls the rotor currents to achieve the variable speed necessary for maximum
Keywords
energy capture in variable winds. Exhaustion of Non-renewable Energy sources also
Efficient Energy Usage leads to environmental problems. Therefore, there is the time to use renewable
Smart Grid Implementation
Power System Simulation
energy sources from non-renewable power sources such a way, which maximizes
the use of power generated by renewable resources without affecting the power
system. There should be an intelligent power system that can use the electrical
power from renewable resources and only needs to use non-renewable power
sources if renewable power is either not available or not fulfilling the required
demand, which is the primary function of Smart Grid Power Network. Therefore, a
smart grid is an electrical grid, which includes a vast variety of operations and
energy measures, including smart meters, smart appliances, renewable energy
resources, and energy-efficient resources. In this paper, different types of energy
sources both non-renewable and renewable are connected and simulation is done
with the help of MatLab Simulink Tool Box. A simulation fault block is playing an
important role in creating different types of fault. The Three-Phase fault block is
used the same way as a Three-phase circuit breaker in which opening and closing
time is controlled either from an external Simulink® signal (external control mode)
with the help of step time or from an internal control timer (internal control mode)
by directly entering values. So, in this designed model of the smart grid power
system, various types of faults are created, the impact is analyzed on the purposed
model, and uninterrupted electrical power supply is achieved by the designed
intelligent selection switch.

I. INTRODUCTION sources if renewable power is either not available or not

Electrical power is the need of every person from day to fulfilling the required demand, which is the primary
day activities either for domestic purposes or for industrial function of smart grid power network. A future smart grid
purposes. A smart grid is an electrical grid, which includes power system network is a dynamic network for bi-
a huge variety of operations and energy measures, including directional energy flows, linking widely distributed small
smart meters, smart appliances, renewable energy capacity renewable energy systems at consumer level
resources, and energy-efficient resources (Delamare, 2015). (distribution network) and centralized higher-capacity
There should be an intelligent power system that can power generators, facilitating active participation of
maximize the use of electrical power from renewable customer choice for energy production/source and demand
resources and only needs to use non-renewable power management, and providing real-time information on the

VOLUME 1, NO: 1. 2020 21

 Sanjeev K. Jassi | Modeling Simulation Smrt. Grid Pwr. Sys.

performance and optimal operation of the power system II. LITERATURE REVIEW
network. The (Natsheh, 2011) have analyzed that performance
The smart grid is technically classified in three categories optimization system reliability and operational efficiency are
as below (Kumar, 2014): key characteristics of smart grid systems. The author
 Smart Management System represented a novel model of a smart grid-connected PV/WT
 Smart Protection System hybrid system. It comprises a photovoltaic array, wind
 Smart Infrastructure System turbine, asynchronous generator, controller, and converters.
Designing of the smart grid depends on various elements The model was implemented using MATLAB/SIMULINK
such as user-demand, centralized and decentralized energy software package. Perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm is
production, storage elements, etc. A smart grid at the used for maximizing the generated power based on
neighborhood level also involves several houses with a set of maximum power point tracker (MPPT) implementation.
typical smart grid scenarios. Each house may have solar The (Benkhelil, 2012) has presented a technique to design
panels, a battery, etc. and its individual demand profile real- and control of grid-connected PV generation system, identify
life gives insight into how the energy flows within a house its components, and describe how it works. To convert the
and the neighborhood and thus can help in a smart grid solar energy efficiently, the MPPT algorithm for photovoltaic
design (Delamare, 2015). Furthermore, due to the modular systems based on P&O algorithm has been presented and
set-up of the model, the designed simulation model should be shown the control performance, and dynamic behaviour of
easily extended to incorporate other devices and scenarios as the grid-connected photovoltaic system provides excellent
a future extension. results, show that the control system is robust, and efficient.
The basic block diagram of the Smart Grid Power System (Kumar, 2014) has designed Smart Grid with
is shown in Figure 1. It has four electrical power sources; MATLAB/SIMULINK for synchronization of Thermal and
three are non-renewable electrical power sources and one Wind power plants. Stability in terms of frequency deviation
DFIG or wind energy source from renewable sources is also checked and analyzed of Active power and grid
(Acakpovi, 2014). The intelligent selection switch is used to frequency since the standard frequency deviation is defined
select the appropriate electrical power sources. The in the +3% range. The initial value of the inductive and
transmission lines are used to distribute power from source active load is taken as 150 MVAR and 1100 MW at load bus
(Generation) point to end (Electrical Load) point. The bar B3 and 120 MVAR and 1900 MW at B6, respectively. At
Transmission line can also be in between Power Sources and these load values, maximum and minimum frequencies
Intelligent Selection Switches. obtained as 50.292 Hz and 49.90 Hz.
The (Delamare, 2015) has developed a smart grid

FIGURE 1. Basic block diagram.

22 VOLUME 1, NO: 1. 2020

Sanjeev K. Jassi | Modeling Simulation Smrt. Grid Pwr. Sys.

simulation tool, which can model residential units that have toolboxes, both in this special interface and in the
solar panels and batteries that can store excess energy. “programming technique” associated with it. Matlab
Different living situations are available for the residential Simulink has various kinds of toolboxes, but in this work,
unit to allow for a more diverse data set when scaling the sim power systems are used for simple manipulation and
model to the neighborhood level. Algorithms can be analysis.
implemented to study the behavior in different scenarios,
A. SIMULINK MODEL
such as the purchase/sale of power according to the market
The Figure 2 shows the detailed block diagram of Smart Grid
price.
Work. In this work, two sources are modelled and evaluated
Different type of analysis Kumar (2014) such as load
in which one is non-renewable, and the other is a renewable
analysis of the smart grid to check the stability in terms of
energy source.
active power flow is studied. Active power values at all buses
 Wind Turbine (DFIG)
have been changed concerning changes in active and
 Electrical Energy Source
inductive load values at bus bar B3 and B6 keeping the
It consists of Wind Turbine, Step-up transformer, Three-
capacitive load constant. The frequency has also been
phase measurement block, transmission Lines, Grounding
measured, and keeping values of both active power and
transformer, Three-phase load with the three-phase breaker
frequency, the magnitude of the inductive and active load has
on one side and electrical power source, Three-phase
been deduced while maintaining synchronism of the
measurement block with Three Phase breaker on another
proposed smart grid model.
side. The three-phase load is common between the two
In (Narendra, 2017) Modeling, simulation, and
sources of power, but it can also be different. For Fault
implementation of the solar photovoltaic cell using
generation, fault block is used along with trigger Generator.
MATLAB/SIMULINK is discussed. The P-V & I-V
Scopes are also implemented for viewing and analysis of
characteristics are obtained as they increase the solar
various waveforms.
radiation, higher would be the solar input to the solar cell,
Wind Turbine is used as a source of renewable energy.
and hence power magnitude would increase for the same
Wind energy is converted to Electrical energy once it
voltage value. With an increase in solar radiation, the open-
connected to Generator called DFIG (Doubly Fed Induction
circuit voltage increases.
Generator). The output of DFIG from the Wind turbine is fed
In (Jen Liu, 2017) stated that there was an increasing
to Step-up transformer. A step-up transformer is used to
number of micro-grid applications for power system
increase the level of voltage. Because the Wind Energy along
networks at different voltage levels. The community micro-
with DFIG is quite far away, maybe in 100 or 1000
grid systems were also being encouraged in order to increase
kilometres from actual consumption so two different
energy efficiency, reduce electricity bills, and alleviate the
transmission lines are inserted to make this model or work as
reliability problem with respect to power delivery for local
practical as possible. Two three-phase measurement blocks
residential users. In addition, calculations of electricity bills
are connected for analysis purposes. One is connected after
depending on two electricity rates were discussed,
both transmission lines towards the load with respect DFIG
representing the benefits of electricity bill reduction when
power line, and the other is connected in an electrical source
electricity users accepted the power supply from community
power line towards the load. Grounding Transformer is used
micro-grid systems.
to provide the neutral in the Three Phase system.
In (V. Jayalakshmi, 2018) analyzed that MPPT and Fuzzy
Fault-block is used for creating various kinds of fault.
Logic is used to improve the performance of Smart Grid.
Fault can be trigger on internal timing-based or external
Because the actual energy conversion efficiency of PV and
control to make it ON or OFF. The step function is used to
wind energy systems using traditional controllers is quite
specify the duration of time for the trigger. Three Phase
low, MPPT with intelligent control techniques was used, and
Breaker is used to make or break contacts of all three phases.
the Fuzzy logic controller and PI controller are used to
Same as Fault block, this block can also be controlled either
controlling the duty cycle of the converter switch, thereby
internal timing control or by an external trigger.
extracting the maximum power from the solar array. The
The electrical energy source is connected three-phase
system consists of photovoltaic (PV) array, wind energy
breaker with an external controller and three-phase
conversion system (WECS), a boost converter, and LC filter.
measurement block, then to the three-phase load.
The entire proposed system has been modeled and simulated
The three-phase breaker is normally open at the electrical
using MATLAB/Simulink software.
sources side and normally closed at DFIG sources side.
The smart intelligent switch is responsible for the whole
III. MATLAB SIMULINK
operation. It consists of comparator circuitry with a
Matlab Simulink is a tool for simulating dynamic systems
mathematical or digital operation that compares all three
with a graphical interface specially developed for this
voltages with suitable constant values and gives an output
purpose (Kumar,2014). Within the Matlab environment,
that will be responsible for either switch “ON” or “OFF”
Simulink is a Matlab toolbox that differs from the other
DFIG or Electrical power source. A “NOT” or Inverter

VOLUME 1, NO: 1. 2020 23

 Sanjeev K. Jassi | Modeling Simulation Smrt. Grid Pwr. Sys.

FIGURE 2. Simulated model of smart grid power system using MATLAB / SimPowerSystem.

operator is used for selecting between these two. Again, a This research is based on the ideal conditions through
scope can be used to analyze various kinds of waveforms. MATLAB, but in real-life scenarios to implement this will be
challenging. The algorithms which control different functions
B. METHODOLOGY:
in a smart grid are complex and need to be studied through
 Setup priority according to Renewable resources.
simulation before actual implementation to ensure proper
 If the Renewable resource is not available, then
operation in all scenarios.
select Non-Renewable sources. Like, solar power is
In this paper, proper utilization of power is achieved with a
not available, or wind is not available due to any
smart grid system with a non-renewable and renewable
reason.
resource depending on load. With its full implementation,
 Select, Power line according to load.
smart grids will make renewable power feasible and equip
Figure 3 shows the flowchart of the system.
the grid to meet increasing energy demands by reducing both
the cost of energy consumption and production.
IV. RESULTS ACHIEVED
Figures 4 to Figure 8 show various waveforms of smart
VI. CONCLUSION
grid with or without faults.
The demand for Electrical energy increases day by day.
Fortunately, over the last decades, there has been an increase
V. DISCUSSION
in the availability and affordability of Renewable Energy
The smart grid is a modern electric power grid infrastructure,
Sources in households, such as windmills and, primarily,
which smoothly integrates automated control, advanced
solar panels. In addition, the capacity of electricity storage
sensing and metering technologies, modern communication
devices has risen considerably. Therefore, this renewable
infrastructure, and modern energy management techniques
energy production will make up a large portion of the energy
into the electric power grid.

24 VOLUME 1, NO: 1. 2020

Sanjeev K. Jassi | Modeling Simulation Smrt. Grid Pwr. Sys.

FIGURE 3. Flowchart of the system.

in the electrical grid system. The traditional electrical grid

needs to be upgraded into a smart grid system, which can
work effectively and efficiently.

VOLUME 1, NO: 1. 2020 25

 Sanjeev K. Jassi | Modeling Simulation Smrt. Grid Pwr. Sys.

FIGURE 4. DFIG waveform without faults. FIGURE 6. DFIG parameters and step time after creating faults.

FIGURE 7. DFIG Waveform after faults

Recent research in the United Kingdom shows wind

energy can be converted into electrical energy with the
highest efficiency compared to other non-renewable and
renewable energy sources.
In this work, the Simulink model is created and analysed
FIGURE 5. Fault generation block. in Matlab/Simulink. DFIG (Doubly Fed Induction Generator)

26 VOLUME 1, NO: 1. 2020

Sanjeev K. Jassi | Modeling Simulation Smrt. Grid Pwr. Sys.

Delamare,J. ,Bitachon, B. , Peng , Z. ,Wang Y. , Haverkort , B., R. , and

Jongerden , M., R. Development of a Smart Grid Simulation
Environment. Elsevier Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer
Science 318 (19) 29.
Jayalakshmi, V. And Kumar, S. (2018) Simulation for smart grid
integration of solar/wind energy conversion system. International
Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics,119 (12), 7897-7910.
Kumar, V. and Rai P. (2014) Active power and frequency analysis of a
smart grid – using Matlab/Simulink approach. International Journal
of Research in Engineering and Technology,03 (9),1-6.
Kumar, V. and Rai P. (2014) Active Power analysis of a Smart Grid-
Using MATLAB/SIMULINK Approach. International Journal of
Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering, 1 (8), 397-403.
Kumar, V., Rai, P. and Ghanshyam (2013) Frequency Control of Smart
Grid - A MATLAB/SIMULINK Approach. International Journal of
Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering, 2 (10) 397-403.
Kumar, S. and Garg, V (2013) Hybrid system of PV solar / wind & fuel
cell. International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,
Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering 2 (8), 3666-3679.
Javadpoor, S. And Nazarpour,D. (2017) Modeling a PV-FC-Hydrogen
Hybrid Power Generation System. Engineering, Technology &
Applied Science Research, 7 (2) 2017.
Manhas, N and Yadev D. G (2016) Power Management of PV, BESS and
Fuel Cell based Hybrid Power System. International Research
Journal of Engineering andTechnology,3(6), 1012-1017
FIGURE 8. Electrical source parameters after creating faults. Naresh, P., and Maniraj, P. (2018) Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of a
Wind/Fuel Cell/Ultra- Capacitor-Based Hybrid Power Generation
System. International Journal of Engineering Technology Science
uses wind energy as a renewable source and Three Phase and Research 5 (3) ,600-608.
Electrical Source as the non-renewable Electrical source. Narendra and Singh, P.K (2017) Modeling and simulation of smart grid
The faults are generated in between the transmission line solar power system using Matlab / Simulink. International Journal of
Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, 3 (3) ,3084 -
towards the renewable source, the load received the supply 090.
from non-renewable Electrical Energy Sources, DFIG is Natsheh, E., M., And Yazdani, J. (2001) Modeling and Control for Smart
disconnected with the help of three-phase circuit breakers Grid Integration of Solar/Wind Energy Conversion System.
International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid
respectively, and the load gets uninterrupted power supply. Technologies, 1-8.
Jen Liu ,Y. , I Chen, S. , Chang , Y. , R ,and Der Lee ,Y. (2017)
ACKNOWLEDGMENT Development of a Modeling and Simulation Method for Residential
With a deep sense of gratitude, we express our sincere thanks Electricity Consumption Analysis in a Community Microgrid System
, Applied Sciences ,7 (7) ,1-19.
to the Innovation and Technology Centre of Engineering, Sharma, R., Sahay, K., and Singh, S. (2014) Modeling and Simulation of
Milton Keynes College, United Kingdom, for supporting this Fixed and Variable Speed of DFIG Wind System. International
research. Journal of Recent Development in Engineering and Technology, 2
(5), 52-60.
Singh , S, N. , John Preeta and Prabhakar N. (2012) Technical Feasibility
REFERENCES of Photovoltaic Fuel Cell: A Model of Green Home Power Supply
for Rural India. International Journal of Emerging Trends &
Acakpovi, A. and Ben Hagan, E. (2014) A Wind Turbine System Model
Technology in Computer Science, 1(2), 216-220.
using a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). International
Trazouei, S., L., Trazouei, L., F., and Ghiamy, M. , (2013) Optimal
Journal of Computer Applications, 90 (15), 6-11.
Design of a Hybrid Solar -Wind-Diesel Power System for Rural
Behjat, V. and Hamrahi, M. (2014) Dynamic modeling and performance
Electrification Using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm.
evaluation of axial flux PMSG based wind turbine system with
International journal of renewable energy research ,3 (2), 403-411.
MPPT control. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 5 , 1157-1166.
Benkhelil,E.and Gherbi , A. (2012) Modeling and simulation of grid-
connected photovoltaic generation system. Revue des Energies
Renouvelables SIENR’12 Ghardaïa . 295 – 306.

VOLUME 1, NO: 1. 2020 27