LECTURE NOTES

ON
FUNDAMENTALS OF
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
(20A02101T)

I B. Tech I Semester (JNTUA-R20)

By

Mr.C.Dastagiri
Assistant Professor in EEE

Department of Electrical and Electronics

Engineering

VEMU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY:P.KOTHAKOTA

Chittoor-Tirupathi National Highway, P.Kothakota, Near Pakala, Chittoor(Dt.), AP - 517112
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTUA, Anantapuramu)
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY ANANTAPUR
B.Tech (EEE)– I Sem L T P C
3003
(20A02101T) FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
Course Objectives:
To make the student learn about
Basic characteristics of R, L, C parameters, their Voltage and Current Relations and Various
combinations of these parameters.
The Single Phase AC circuits and concepts of real power, reactive power, complex power,
phase angle and phase difference
Series and parallel resonances, bandwidth, current locus diagrams
Network theorems and their applications
Network Topology and concepts like Tree, Cut-set , Tie-set, Loop, Co-Tree
Unit- 1
Introduction to Electrical & Magnetic Circuits
Electrical Circuits: Circuit Concept – Types of elements - Source Transformation-Voltage - Current
Relationship for Passive Elements. Kirchhoff’s Laws – Network Reduction Techniques- Series, Parallel,
Series
Parallel, Star-to-Delta or Delta-to-Star Transformation. Examples
Magnetic Circuits: Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction-Concept of Self and Mutual Inductance-
Dot
Convention-Coefficient of Coupling-Composite Magnetic Circuit-Analysis of Series and Parallel Magnetic
Circuits, MMF Calculations.
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this unit, the student will be able to
To know about Kirchhoff’s Laws in solving series, parallel, non-series-parallel configurations in DC
networks
To know about voltage source to current source and vice-versa transformation in their representation
To understand Faraday’s laws
To distinguish analogy between electric and magnetic circuits
To understand analysis of series and parallel magnetic circuits
Unit- 2
Network Topology
Definitions – Graph – Tree, Basic Cutset and Basic Tieset Matrices for Planar Networks – Loop and Nodal
Methods of Analysis of Networks & Independent Voltage and Current Sources – Duality & Dual
Networks.
Nodal Analysis, Mesh Analysis.
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this unit, the student will be able to
To understand basic graph theory definitions which are required for solving electrical circuits
To understand about loop current method
To understand about nodal analysis methods
To understand about principle of duality and dual networks
To identify the solution methodology in solving electrical circuits based on the topology
Unit- 3
Single Phase A.C Circuits
R.M.S, Average Values and Form Factor for Different Periodic Wave Forms – Sinusoidal Alternating
Quantities – Phase and Phase Difference – Complex and Polar Forms of Representations, j-Notation,
Steady
State Analysis of R, L and C (In Series, Parallel and Series Parallel Combinations) with Sinusoidal
Excitation-
Resonance - Phasor diagrams - Concept of Power Factor- Concept of Reactance, Impedance, Susceptance
and
Admittance-Apparent Power, Active and Reactive Power, Examples.
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this unit, the student will be able to
 To understand fundamental definitions of 1-ϕ AC circuits
To distinguish between scalar, vector and phasor quantities
To understand voltage, current and power relationships in 1-ϕ AC circuits with basic elements
R, L, and
C.
To understand the basic definitions of complex immittances and complex power
To solve 1-ϕ AC circuits with series and parallel combinations of electrical circuit elements R, L and
C.
Unit- 4
Network Theorems
Superposition, Reciprocity, Thevenin’s, Norton’s, Maximum Power Transfer, Millmann’s, Tellegen’s, and
Compensation Theorems for D.C and Sinusoidal Excitations.
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this unit, the student will be able to
To know that electrical circuits are ‘heart’ of electrical engineering subjects and network theorems are
main part of it.
To distinguish between various theorems and inter-relationship between various theorems
To know about applications of certain theorems to DC circuit analysis
To know about applications of certain theorems to AC network analysis
To know about applications of certain theorems to both DC and AC network analysis
Unit- 5
Three Phase A.C. Circuits
Introduction - Analysis of Balanced Three Phase Circuits – Phase Sequence- Star and Delta Connection -
Relation between Line and Phase Voltages and Currents in Balanced Systems - Measurement of Active
and
Reactive Power in Balanced and Unbalanced Three Phase Systems. Analysis of Three Phase Unbalanced
Circuits - Loop Method - Star Delta Transformation Technique – for balanced and unbalanced circuits -
Measurement of Active and reactive Power – Advantages of Three Phase System.
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this unit, the student will be able to
To know about advantages of 3-ϕ circuits over 1-ϕ circuits
To distinguish between balanced and unbalanced circuits
To know about phasor relationships of voltage, current, power in star and delta connected balanced and
unbalanced loads
To know about measurement of active, reactive powers in balanced circuits
To understand about analysis of unbalanced circuits and power calculations
Text Books:
1. Fundamentals of Electric Circuits Charles K. Alexander and Matthew. N. O. Sadiku, Mc Graw Hill, 5th
Edition, 2013.
2. Engineering circuit analysis William Hayt and Jack E. Kemmerly, Mc Graw Hill Company, 7th
Edition, 2006.
Reference Books:
1. Circuit Theory Analysis & Synthesis A. Chakrabarti, Dhanpat Rai & Sons, 7th Revised Edition, 2018.
2. Network Analysis M.E Van Valkenberg, Prentice Hall (India), 3rd Edition, 1999.
3. Electrical Engineering Fundamentals V. Del Toro, Prentice Hall International, 2nd Edition, 2019.
4. Electric Circuits- Schaum’s Series, Mc Graw Hill, 5th Edition, 2010.
5. Electrical Circuit Theory and Technology John Bird, Routledge, Taylor & Francis, 5th Edition, 2014.
Course Outcomes:
After completing the course, the student should be able to do the following
Given a network, find the equivalent impedance by using network reduction techniques and determine
the current through any element and voltage across and power through any element.
Given a circuit and the excitation, determine the real power, reactive power, power factor etc,.
Apply the network theorems suitably
Determine the Dual of the Network, develop the Cut