FUNCTIONS

EXAM QUESTIONS
Question 1 (**)
The function f is given by

x
f :x
, x ∈  , x ≠ −3 .
x+3

a) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) .

The function g is defined as

2
g:x
, x∈, x ≠ 0 .
x

b) Evaluate fg 2 .
3 ( )
3x
C3B , f −1 : x

1− x
( )
, fg 2 = 1
3 2
Question 2 (**)

Cx( 4,0 )
( )
D 6, 1
2
O
f :x
, x ∈ , x ≠ −3 x
x+3

A ( −1, −3) B ( 0, −2 )

The figure above shows the graph of the function f ( x ) , defined for −1 ≤ x ≤ 6 .

Sketch the graph of f −1 ( x ) , marking clearly the end points of the graph and any points
where it crosses the coordinate axes.

MP2-F , graph
Question 3 (**)
The function f is given by

f ( x ) = ln ( 4 x − 2 ) , x ∈  , x > 1 .
2

a) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) , in its simplest form.

b) State the range of f −1 ( x ) .

c) Solve the equation

f ( x) = 1 .

4 ( )
f −1 ( x ) = 1 e x + 2 , f −1 ( x ) > 1 , x = 1 ( e+ 2 )
2 4
Question 4 (**)
The function f is given by

f ( x ) = 3 − ln x , x ∈  , x > 0 .

a) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) .

b) State the range of f −1 ( x ) .

c) Solve the equation

f ( x) = 4 .

f −1 ( x ) = e3− x , f −1 ( x ) > 0 , x = 1e

Question 5 (**+)
A function f is defined by

f ( x ) = x2 + 1 , x ∈  , x ≥ 0 .

a) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) .

b) State the domain and range of f −1 ( x ) .

f −1 ( x ) = x − 1 , x ≥ 1 , f −1 ( x ) ≥ 0
Question 6 (**+)
The functions f and g are given by

f ( x ) = x2 , x ∈  .

1
g ( x) = , x ∈  , x ≠ −2 .
x+2

a) State the range of f ( x ) .

b) Solve the equation

fg ( x ) = 4 .
9

c) Find, in its simplest form, an expression for g −1 ( x ) .

1 1− 2x
C3E , f ( x ) ≥ 0 , x = − 1 , − 7 , g −1 ( x ) = − 2 =
2 2 x x
Question 7 (**+)
The functions f and g satisfy

f ( x ) = ln ( 4 − 2 x ) , x ∈  , x < 2 .

g ( x ) = e3 x , x ∈  .

a) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) .

b) Solve the equation

fg ( x ) = 0 .

2 3 ( )
f −1 ( x ) = 2 − 1 e x , x = 1 ln 3
2
Question 8 (**+)
The functions f and g satisfy

f ( x ) = 1 + 1 ln ( x + 3) , x ∈  , x > 3 .
2

g ( x ) = e ( ) − 3, x ∈  .
2 x −1

a) Find, in its simplest form, an expression for fg ( x ) .

b) Hence, or otherwise, write down an expression for f −1 ( x ) .

fg ( x ) = x , f −1 ( x ) = e ( ) − 3
2 x −1
Question 9 (**+)

y
f ( x)

x
O

The diagram above shows the graph of the function f , defined as

1
f ( x) ≡ + 4, x ∈ , x ≥ 2 .
1− x

a) Evaluate f ( 2 ) , f (101) , f (1001) .

b) State the range of f ( x ) .

The inverse function is denoted by f −1 ( x ) .

c) Determine an expression for f −1 ( x ) , as a simplified fraction.

x−5
f ( 2 ) = 3, f (101) = 3.99, f (1001) = 3.999 , 3 ≤ f ( x ) < 4 , f −1 ( x ) =
x−4
Question 10 (**+)
The function f is given by

f ( x ) = 4 − ln ( 2 x − 1) , x ∈  , x > 1 .
2

a) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) , in its simplest form.

b) Determine the exact value of ff (1) .

c) Hence, or otherwise, solve the equation

f ( x ) = ff (1) .

( )
C3G , f −1 ( x ) = 1 1 + e4− x , ff (1) = 4 − ln 7 , x = 4
2

Question 11 (**+)
A function f is defined by

f ( x) = x + 4 , x ∈  , 0 ≤ x < 5 .

a) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) .

b) Determine the domain and the range of f −1 ( x ) .

f −1 ( x ) = x 2 − 4 , 2 ≤ x < 3 , 0 ≤ f −1 ( x ) < 5
 Created by T. Madas

Question 12 (**+)
The function f is defined

2x − 3
f :x
, x∈, x ≠ 2.
x−2

a) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) in its simplest form.

b) Hence, or otherwise, find in its simplest form ff ( k + 2 ) .

2x − 3
SYN-S , f −1 : x
, k+2
x−2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 13 (***)

1
y= +2
x

x
O
x
f :x
, x ∈ , x ≠ −3
x+3

The figure above shows the graph of

1
y= + 2, x ≠ 0 .
x

a) State the equation of the horizontal asymptote to the curve, marked as a dotted
line in the figure.

The function f is defined

1
f ( x) = + 2 , x∈ , x >1.
x

b) State the range of f ( x ) .

c) Obtain an expression for f −1 ( x ) .

d) State the domain and range of f −1 ( x ) .

1
C3N , y = 2 , 2 < f ( x ) < 3 , f −1 ( x ) = , 2 < x < 3 , f −1 ( x ) > 1
x−2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 14 (***)
The functions f and g are given by

2x + 3 3
f ( x) = , x ∈ , x ≠ .
2x − 3 2

g ( x ) = x 2 + 2, x ∈  .

a) State the range of g ( x ) .

b) Find an expression, as a simplified algebraic fraction, for fg ( x ) .

c) Determine an expression, as a simplified algebraic fraction, for f −1 ( x ) .

d) Solve the equation

f −1 ( x ) = f ( x ) .

2 x2 + 7 3x + 3
C3C , g ( x ) ≥ 2 , fg ( x ) = , f −1 ( x ) = , x = − 1 ,3
2
2x + 1 2x − 2 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 15 (***)

f ( x ) = e2 x − 4, x ∈  .

1
g ( x) = , x ∈ , x ≠ 11 .
x − 11

a) Determine the range of f ( x ) .

b) Find an expression for the inverse function f −1 ( x ) .

c) Solve the equation

gf ( x ) = 1 .

f ( x ) > −4 , f −1 ( x ) = 1 ln ( x + 4 ) , x = 2ln 2
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 16 (***)
A function f is defined by

1
f ( x ) = e x + 1, x ∈ , x ≤ 0 .
2

a) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) .

b) State the domain and range of f −1 ( x ) .

f −1 ( x ) = ln ( 2 x − 2 ) , 1 < x ≤ 3 , f −1 ( x ) ≤ 0
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 17 (***)
The function f is given by

2
f ( x ) = ( x − 3) + 1 , x ∈  , x ≥ 4 .

a) Sketch the graph of f ( x ) and hence write down its range.

b) Solve the equation

f ( x ) = 17 .

c) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) in its simplest form.

f ( x ) ≥ 2 , x = 7, x ≠ −1 , f −1 ( x ) = 3 + x − 1 ,

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 18 (***)
The functions f and g are given by

f ( x ) = x , x ∈ , x ≥ 0 .

g ( x ) = x − 2, x ∈  .

a) Find an expression for the function composition fg ( x ) .

The function h , whose graph is shown below, is defined by

h ( x ) = x − 2 , x ∈  , 3 ≤ x ≤ 11 .

h ( x)

x
O

b) State the range of h ( x ) .

c) Determine an expression for the inverse function h −1 ( x ) .

d) State the domain and range of h −1 ( x ) .

C3O , fg ( x ) = x − 2 , 1 ≤ h ( x ) ≤ 3 , h −1 ( x ) = x 2 + 2 ,

1 ≤ x ≤ 3 & 3 ≤ h−1 ( x ) ≤ 11

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 19 (***)
The functions f and g are defined by

f ( x) = ex , x ∈  , x ≥ 0 .

g ( x ) = x2 + 1, x ∈  .

a) Find an expression for gf ( x ) , in its simplest form.

b) Determine the domain and range of gf ( x ) .

gf ( x ) = e2 x + 1 , x ≥ 0, gf ( x ) ≥ 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 20 (***)
The functions f and g are defined by

f : x
x 2 − 2 x − 3, x ∈ , 0 ≤ x ≤ 5 .

g : x
ax 2 + 2, x ∈  , a is a real constant.

a) Find the range of f .

b) Determine the value of a , if gf (1) = 6 .

SYN-A , −4 ≤ f ( x ) ≤ 12 , a = 1
4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 21 (***)
The function f is defined as

2 4
f :x
− 2 , x∈ , x >1.
x − 3 x − 4x + 3

a) Show clearly that

2
f :x
, x∈ , x >1.
x −1

b) Find an expression for f −1 , in its simplest form.

The function g is given by

g : x
2 x2 + 4 , x ∈  .

c) Solve the equation

fg ( x ) = 4 .
7

x+2 2
C3A , f −1 ( x ) = = 1+ , x = ± 1
x x 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 22 (***)
The functions f and g are defined by

f : x
x 2 + 3, x∈ .

g : x
2 x + 2, x∈ .

Solve the equation

fg ( x ) = 2 gf ( x ) + 15 .

x=3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 23 (***)
The functions f and g are defined as

x+6
f ( x) = , x ∈ , x ≠ −2
x+2

g ( x ) = 7 − 2 x2 , x∈ .

a) State the range of g ( x ) .

b) Find, as a simplified fraction, an expression for fg ( x ) .

c) Find, as a simplified fraction, an expression for f −1 ( x ) .

d) Solve the equation

f −1 ( x ) = f ( x ) .

13 − 2 x 2 2x − 6
C3H , g ( x ) ≤ 7 , fg ( x ) = 2
, f −1 ( x ) = , x = −3, 2
9 − 2x 1− x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 24 (***)
The function f is defined as

x
f :x
, x ∈ , x ≠ 1
x −1

a) Find in its simplest form the composition ff ( x ) .

b) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) in its simplest form.

x
ff ( x ) = x , f :x
, x ∈ , x ≠ 1
x −1

Question 25 (***)
The functions g and f are given by

g : x
4 − 3 x, x∈

f : x
x 2 + ax + b, x ∈  ,

where a and b are non zero constants.

Given that fg ( 2 ) = −5 and gf ( 2 ) = −29 , find the value a and the value of b .

a = 4, b = −1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 26 (***)

f ( x)

x
O 2

The figure above shows the part of the curve with equation

y = f ( x ) , for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 .

Given that the curve is odd and periodic with period 4 , sketch the curve for −6 ≤ x ≤ 6 .

graph

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 27 (***)
The function f is defined by

f ( x ) = ln ( 2 x − 1) + 4, x ∈ , x ≥ 1 .

a) Find f −1 ( x ) in its simplest form.

b) Determine the domain of f −1 ( x ) .

( )
f −1 ( x ) = 1 1 + e x −4 , x ∈ , x ≥ 4
2

Question 28 (***)
The function f is given by

1
f : x
1 + , x ∈ , x ≠ 0 .
x

a) Find the range of f .

b) Show clearly that

2x +1
ff : x
.
x +1

f ( x ) ∈ , f ( x ) ≠ 1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 29 (***)
The functions f and g are defined as

f ( x ) = 2 x − 1, x∈

x
g ( x) = e2 , x∈ .

a) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) .

b) Find, as an exact surd, the value of fg ( ln 2 ) .

c) Solve the equation

9
f −1 ( x ) = .
2 f ( x)

x +1
f −1 ( x ) = , fg ( ln 2 ) = 2 2 − 1 , x = − 5 , 2
2 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 30 (***)
The functions f , g and h are defined as

f ( x ) = x 2 − 1, x∈

3x
g ( x) = e 2 , x∈

h ( x ) = fg ( x ) , x∈ .

a) State the range of g ( x ) .

b) Find, in its simplest form, an expression for h ( x ) .

c) Solve the equation h ( x ) = 15 , giving the answer in terms of ln 2 .

d) Find an expression for h −1 ( x ) , the inverse of h ( x ) .

g ( x ) > 0 , fg ( x ) = e3 x − 1 , x = 4 ln 2 , h −1 ( x ) = 1 ln ( x + 1)
3 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 31 (***)
The functions f and g are defined by

2
f ( x) ≡ , x∈, x ≠ 0
x

g ( x ) ≡ f ( x − 3) + 3 , x ∈  , x ≠ k .

a) Find an expression for g ( x ) , as a simplified fraction stating the value of the

constant k .

b) Find an expression for g −1 ( x ) .

3x − 7 3x − 7
g ( x) = , k = 3 , g −1 ( x ) = , self inverse
x−3 x−3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 32 (***)
The functions f and g are defined by

f : x
4 − x2 , x ∈ 

5x
g:x
, x∈, x ≠ 1 .
2x −1 2

a) Evaluate fg −1 ( 3) .

b) Solve the equation

g −1 f ( x ) = 7 .
5

C3K , fg −1 ( 3) = −5 , x = ± 1
3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 33 (***)
The function f is defined as

1 2 x + 11 3
f :x
+ 2 x∈, x > .
x + 2 2x + x − 6 2

a) Show clear that

4 3
f :x
, x∈, x > .
2x − 3 2

b) Find an expression for f −1 , in its simplest form.

c) Find the domain of f −1 .

The function g is given by

g : x
ln ( x − 1) , x ∈  , x > 1 .

d) Show that x = 1 + e is the solution of the equation

fg ( x ) = −2 .

3x + 4
C3C , f −1 ( x ) = , x>0
2x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 34 (***)

f ( x ) = 4 − x2 , x ∈  , 2 ≤ x ≤ 4 .

a) Determine the range of f ( x ) .

b) Find an expression for the inverse function f −1 ( x ) .

c) State the domain and range of f −1 ( x ) .

−12 ≤ f ( x ) ≤ 0 , f −1 ( x ) = 4 − x , −12 ≤ x ≤ 0 , 2 ≤ f −1 ( x ) ≤ 4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 35 (***+)
A function is defined by

f ( x ) = ex −1 , x ≥ 0 .

a) Find the values of …

i. … f ( ln 5 ) .

ii. … f ′ ( ln 5) .

The inverse function of f ( x ) is g ( x ) .

b) Determine an expression for g ( x ) .

c) State the value of g ′ ( 2 ) .

( )
SYN-O , f ( ln5 ) = 2 , f ′ ( ln5 ) = 5 , g ( x ) = ln x 2 + 1 , g ′ ( 2 ) = 4
4 5

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 36 (***+)
A function f is defined by

1
f ( x) = 2 + , x ∈ , x ≥ 0 .
x +1

a) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) , as a simplified fraction.

b) Find the domain and range of f −1 ( x ) .

3− x
SYN-M , f −1 ( x ) = , 2 < x ≤ 3 , f −1 ( x ) ≥ 0
x−2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 37 (***+)

2 6
y= − .
x − 2 ( x − 2 )( 2 x − 1)

4
a) Show clearly that y =
2x −1

4
The figure below shows the graph of y = , x ≠ a.
2x −1

4
y=
2x −1
x
x

f :O , x ∈ , x ≠ −3
x+3 x

b) State the equation of the vertical asymptote of the curve, shown dotted in the
figure above.

The function f is defined

4
f ( x) = , x >1
2x −1

c) State the range of f ( x ) .

[continues overleaf]

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

[continued from overleaf]

d) Obtain an expression for the inverse of the function, f −1 ( x ) .

e) State the domain and range of f −1 ( x ) .

x+4
C3F , x = 1 , 0 < f ( x ) < 4 , f −1 ( x ) = , 0 < x < 4 , f −1 ( x ) > 1
2 2x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 38 (***+)
The function f is defined by

6
f ( x) = , x ∈ , x ≥ 0 .
x+3

a) Find the range of f ( x ) .

b) Determine an expression for f −1 ( x ) in its simplest form.

c) Find the domain and range of f −1 ( x ) .

6 − 3x
0 < f ( x) ≤ 2 , f −1 ( x ) = , 0 < x ≤ 2, f −1 ( x ) ≥ 0
x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 39 (***+)
The function f ( x ) is defined by

f ( x ) = x + 1, x ∈ , x ≥ 0 .

a) Find the range of f ( x ) .

b) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) in its simplest form.

c) State the domain and range of f −1 ( x ) .

d) Sketch in the same diagram f ( x ) and f −1 ( x ) .

f ( x) ≥ 1 , f −1 ( x ) = x 2 − 1 , x ≥ 1, f −1 ( x ) ≥ 0
 Created by T. Madas

Question 40 (***+)
The function f is given by

3
f :x
, x ∈  , x ≥ −1 .
x+2

a) By sketching the graph of f , or otherwise, state its range.

b) Determine an expression for f −1 ( x ) , the inverse of f .

c) Find the domain and range of f −1 ( x ) .

3 3 − 2x
MP2-N , f ( x ) ∈ , 0 < f ( x ) ≤ 3 , f −1 ( x ) = −2= , 0 < x ≤ 3, f −1 ( x ) ≥ −1 ,
x x
 Created by T. Madas

Question 41 (***+)
The function f is satisfies

f ( x) = x − 3 , x ∈  , 0 ≤ x ≤ 9 .

a) Sketch the graph of f ( x ) .

The sketch must include the coordinates of any points where the graph of f ( x )
meets the coordinate axes.

b) State the range of f ( x ) .

c) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) .

d) Sketch in the same set of axes as that of part (a) the graph of f −1 ( x ) .

The sketch must include the coordinates of the points where the graph of f −1 ( x )
meets the coordinate axes, and how f −1 ( x ) is related graphically to f ( x ) .

2
MP2-O , −3 ≤ f ( x ) ≤ 0 , f −1 ( x ) = ( x + 3)
 Created by T. Madas

Question 42 (***+)
The function f satisfies

3x + 1
f :x
, x ∈  , x > −4 .
x+4

a) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) in its simplest form.

b) Determine the domain and the range of f −1 ( x ) .

The function g is given by

g : x
e x − 3, x ∈  .

c) Solve the equation

fg ( x ) = 4 ,
5

giving exact answers in terms of ln 2 .

1 − 4x
SYN-E , f −1 : x
, x ∈ , x < 3 , f −1 ( x ) ∈ , f −1 ( x ) > −4 , x = 2ln 2
x−3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 43 (***+)
The function f is defined as

2x −1 1
f :x
2
− , x∈, x > 4 .
x −x−2 x−2

a) Show clearly that

1
f :x
, x∈, x > 4 .
x +1

b) Find the range of f .

c) Determine an expression for the inverse function, f −1 ( x ) .

d) State the domain and range of f −1 ( x ) .

The function g is given by

g : x
3x 2 − 2, x ∈  .

e) Solve the equation

fg ( x ) = 1 .
11

1− x
C3J , 0 < f ( x ) < 1 , f −1 ( x ) = , 0 < x < 1 , f −1 ( x ) > 4 , x = ±2
5 x 5

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 44 (***+)
A function f is defined by

1
f ( x) = 4 − , x ∈ , x > 1 .
x −1

a) Determine an expression for the inverse, f −1 ( x ) .

b) Find the domain and range of f −1 ( x ) .

1 x −5
MP2-I , f −1 ( x ) = 1 − = , x < 4 , f −1 ( x ) > 1
x−4 x−4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 45 (***+)

f ( x ) = 4 − x2 , x ∈  .

a) State the range of f ( x ) .

b) Solve the equation

ff ( x ) = 0 .

f ( x ) ≤ 4 , x = ± 2, ± 6

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 46 (***+)

2
f ( x ) = 4 ( x + 1) , x ∈ , x ≤ −2 .

a) State the range of f ( x ) .

b) Find an expression for the inverse function f −1 ( x ) .

c) State the domain and range of f −1 ( x ) .

d) Evaluate f −1 ( 49 ) .

e) Verify that the answer to part (d) is correct by carrying an appropriate calculation
involving f ( x ) .

2 2 ( )
f ( x ) ≥ 4 , f −1 ( x ) = −1 − 1 x , x ≥ 4, f −1 ( x ) ≤ −2 , f −1 ( 49 ) = − 9 , f − 9 = 49
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 47 (***+)
The function f is given by

2
f : x
3+ , x ∈ , x > 2 .
x−2

a) Sketch the graph of f .

b) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) as a single fraction, in its simplest form.

c) Find the domain and range of f −1 ( x ) .

d) Find the value of x that satisfy the equation f ( x ) = f −1 ( x )

2x − 4
SYN-N , f −1 ( x ) = , x ∈ , x > 3 , f ( x ) ∈ , f −1 ( x ) > 2 , x = 4, x ≠ 1
x −3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 48 (***+)
The functions f and g are defined below

f ( x ) = x 2 + 2, x ∈ , x > 0

g ( x ) = 3x − 1, x ∈ , x > 4 .

a) Write down the range of f ( x ) and the range of g ( x ) .

b) Explain why gf (1) cannot be evaluated.

c) Solve the equation

fg ( x ) = 8 x 2 + 10 .

f ( x ) ∈ , f ( x ) > 2 , g ( x ) ∈ , g ( x ) > 11 x = 7, x ≠ 1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 49 (***+)
The functions f and g are defined below

f ( x ) = x2 − 2 , x ∈ 

g ( x) = 2x + 3 , x ∈  , x > 0 .

a) Write down the range of f ( x ) .

b) Find, in its simplest form, an expression for fg ( x ) .

c) Solve the equation

fg ( x ) = 14 .

d) Show that there is no solution for the equation

fg ( x ) = gf ( x ) .

f ( x ) ∈ , f ( x ) ≥ −2 , fg ( x ) = 4 x 2 + 12 x + 7 , x = 1 , x ≠ − 7
2 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 50 (***+)
The functions f and g are defined as

f ( x ) = 4 + ln x , x ∈  , x > 0 .

g ( x ) = e x2 , x ∈  .

a) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) .

b) State the range of f −1 ( x ) .

c) Show that x = e is a solution of the equation

fg ( x ) = 6 .

f −1 ( x ) = e x −4 , f −1 ( x ) > 0

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 51 (***+)
The function f is given by

f ( x ) = 3e2 x − 4 , x ∈  .

a) State the range of f ( x ) .

b) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) .

c) Find the value of the gradient on f −1 ( x ) at the point where x = 0 .

2( )
f ( x ) > −4 , f −1 ( x ) = 1 ln x+ 4 , 1
3 8

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 52 (***+)
The functions f and g are defined

f ( x ) = x 2 − 10 x , x ∈ 

g ( x) = ex + 5 , x ∈  .

a) Find, showing all steps in the calculation, the value of g ( 3ln 2 ) .

b) Find, in its simplest form, an expression for fg ( x ) .

c) Show clearly that

g ( 2 x ) − fg ( x ) = k ,

stating the value of the constant k .

d) Solve the equation

gf ( x ) = 6 .

g ( 3ln 2 ) = 13 , fg ( x ) = e 2 x − 25 , k = 30 , x = 0, x = 10

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 53 (***+)

f ( x) = ex , x ∈  , x > 0 .

g ( x ) = 2 x3 + 11 , x ∈  .

a) Find and simplify an expression for the composite function gf ( x ) .

b) State the domain and range of gf ( x ) .

c) Solve the equation

gf ( x ) = 27 .

The equation gf ( x ) = k , where k is a constant, has solutions.

d) State the range of the possible values of k .

C3R , gf ( x ) = 2e3 x + 11 , x > 0, gf ( x ) > 13 , x = ln 2 , k > 13

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 54 (***+)
An even function f , of period 2 is defined by

 2 1
4 x 0 ≤ x ≤ 2
f ( x) ≡ 
 1 12 ≤ x ≤ 1

Sketch the graph of f ( x ) for −3 ≤ x ≤ 3 .

SYN-D , graph

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 55 (***+)

1
y=
x2 − 1
O
x

The figure above shows the graph of the curve C with equation

1
y= 2
, x ≠ ±1 .
x −1

a) State the equations of the vertical asymptotes of the curve, marked with dotted
lines in the diagram.

The function f is defined as

1
f ( x) = , x∈ , x >1.
x2 − 1

b) Write down the range of f ( x ) .

c) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) .

[continues overleaf]

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

[continued from overleaf]

The function g is defined as

4
g ( x) = , x ∈  , x ≠ −1 .
x +1

d) Show no value of x satisfies the equation

gf ( x ) = −12 .

1 x +1
x = ±1 , f ( x ) ∈ , f ( x ) > 0 , f −1 ( x ) = 1 + = , x=±1
x x 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 56 (***+)
The functions f and g are defined by

1
f ( x) = x − , x∈ , x ≥1
x

g ( x ) = 3x 2 + 2 , x ∈  , x ≥ 0 .

a) By showing that f ( x ) is an increasing function, find its range.

b) Solve the equation

3
gf ( x ) = + 23 .
x2

f ( x) ≥ 0 , x = 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 57 (***+)
The functions f and g are given by

f ( x ) = 3x + ln 2 , x ∈ 

g ( x ) = e2 x , x ∈  .

a) Show clearly that

gf ( x ) = 4 e6 x .

b) Show further that x = ln ( 2e ) is the solution of the equation

d 1
gf ( x − 1)  = 768 .
dx  2 

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 58 (***+)
The piecewise continuous function f is odd with domain all real numbers.

It is defined by

 −x 0 ≤ x ≤1
f ( x) ≡ 
x − 2 x >1

a) Sketch the graph of f for all values of x .

b) Solve the equation

f ( x) = 1 .
2

SYN-Y , x = − 3 , − 1 , 5
2 2 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 59 (***+)
The functions f and g are given by

f ( x ) = x 2 + 2kx + 4 , x ∈ 

g ( x ) = 3 − kx , x ∈  .

where k is a non zero constant.

a) Find, in terms of k , the range of f .

b) Given further that fg ( 2 ) = 4 , determine the value of k .

MP2-R , f ( x ) ≥ 4 − k 2 , k = 3
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 60 (****)
The function f is defined by

f ( x) = 2 + x , x ∈  , x ≥ 0 .

a) Evaluate ff ( 49 ) .

b) Find an expression for the inverse function, f −1 ( x ) .

c) Sketch in the same set of axes the graph of f ( x ) and the graph of f −1 ( x ) ,
clearly marking the line of reflection between the two graphs.

d) Show that x = 4 is the only solution of the equation f ( x ) = f −1 ( x ) .

2
MP2-B , ff ( 49 ) = 5 , f −1 ( x ) = ( x − 2 )

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 61 (****)
The functions f and g are defined by

f ( x ) = x2 , x ∈  , x ≥ 1

g ( x ) = x − 6 , x ∈  , x ≤ 10 .

a) Find the domain and range of fg ( x ) .

b) Show the following equation has no solutions

fg ( x ) = g −1 ( x ) .

MP2-P , 7 ≤ x ≤ 10 , 1 ≤ fg ( x ) ≤ 16

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 62 (****)

y 2
f ( x ) = 1 − ( 2 x − 1)

x
O A ( a,0 )

The figure above shows the graph of the function

2
f ( x ) ≡ 1 − ( 2 x − 1) , x ∈  , 0 ≤ x ≤ a .

a) Find the value of the constant a .

b) State the range of f ( x ) .

The function g is suitably defined by

( )
g ( x) = 2 f 1 x − 2 .
2

c) Sketch the graph of g ( x ) .

d) State the domain and range of g ( x ) .

C3Y , a = 1 , 0 ≤ f ( x ) ≤ 1 , 0 ≤ x ≤ 2, − 2 ≤ g ( x ) ≤ 0

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 63 (****)
The function f is defined by

f ( x) = 1+ x , x ∈  , x ≥ 0 .

a) Evaluate ff ( 9 ) .

b) Find an expression for the inverse function, f −1 ( x ) .

c) Sketch in the same diagram the graph of f ( x ) and the graph of f −1 ( x ) , clearly
marking the line of reflection between the two graphs.

3+ 5
d) Show that x = is the only solution of the equation f ( x ) = f −1 ( x ) .
2

2
C3X , ff ( 9 ) = 3 , f −1 ( x ) = ( x − 1)

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 64 (****)
The functions f and g are defined by

f ( x ) = x2 − 4 , x ∈  , x > 8

g ( x) = 2x − 2 , x ∈  , x > 3 .

a) State the range of f ( x ) and the range of g ( x ) .

b) Find a simplified expression for fg ( x ) .

c) Determine the domain and range of fg ( x ) .

MP2-Q , f ( x ) > 60 , g ( x ) > 4 , fg ( x ) = 4 x 2 − 8 x , x > 5 , fg ( x ) > 60

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 65 (****)
The functions f and g are defined by

f ( x ) = 3ln 2 x , x ∈  , x > 0

g ( x ) = 2 x2 + 1 , x ∈  .

Show that the value of the gradient on the curve y = gf ( x ) at the point where x = e is

36
(1 + ln 2 ) .
e

SYN-B , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 66 (****)

f ( x ) = 3 x 2 − 18 x + 21 , x ∈  , x > 4 .

2
a) Express f ( x ) in the form A ( x + B ) + C , where A , B and C are integers ans
hence find the range of f ( x ) .

b) Find a simplified expression for f −1 ( x ) , the inverse of f ( x ) .

c) Determine the domain and range of f −1 ( x ) .

x+6
MP2-A , A = 3, B = −3, C = −6 , f ( x ) > −3 , f −1 ( x ) = 3 + ,
3
x > −3, f −1 ( x ) > 4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 67 (****)
The piecewise continuous function f is even with domain x ∈  .

It is defined by

 x 2 − 2 x 0≤ x≤3
f ( x) ≡ 
 6 − x x>3

a) Sketch the graph of f for all values of x .

b) Solve the equation

5
f ( x) =
4

SYN-F , x = ± 5 , ± 19
2 4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 68 (****)

f ( x ) = x2 − 4 x − 5 , x ∈  , x ≥ 2 .

a) Find the range of f ( x ) .

b) State the domain and range of f −1 ( x ) .

c) Sketch the graph of f −1 ( x ) , marking clearly the coordinates of any points where
the graph meets the coordinate axes.

The function g is given

g ( x) = x − 2 , x ∈  .

d) Find, in exact form where appropriate, the solutions of the equation

gf ( x ) = 5 .

f ( x ) ≥ −9 , x ≥ −9, f −1 ( x ) ≥ 2 , x = 2 + 6, x = 6

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 68 (****)
The function f is given by

1
f ( x) = x − 4 , x∈, x ≥ 5.
2

a) Determine an expression for f −1 ( x ) , in its simplest form.

b) Find the domain and range of f −1 ( x ) .

c) Sketch in the same diagram the graph of f ( x ) and the graph of f −1 ( x ) .

( )
f −1 ( x ) = 4 x 2 + 1 , x ∈ , x ≥ 1 , f −1 ( x ) ∈ , f −1 ( x ) ≥ 5
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 70 (****)
The functions f and g are defined by

f ( x ) = x + 4 , x ∈  , x ≥ −3

g ( x ) = 2 x 2 − 3 , x ∈  , x ≤ 47 .

a) Find a simplified expression for gf ( x ) .

b) Determine the domain and range of gf ( x ) .

c) Solve the equation

fg ( x ) = 17 .

SYN-U , gf ( x ) = 2 x + 5 , −3 ≤ x ≤ 5 , −1 ≤ gf ( x ) ≤ 15 , x = −12

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 71 (****)
The function f ( x ) is given by

f ( x ) = 2 x 2 + 3, x ∈ , x ≤ 0 .

a) Sketch the graph of f ( x ) .

b) Find f −1 ( x ) in its simplest form.

c) Find the domain and range of f −1 ( x ) .

d) Solve the equation

f −1 ( x ) = −3 .

x−3
SYN-W , f −1 ( x ) = − , x ∈ , x ≥ 3 , f ( x ) ∈ , f ( x ) ≤ 0 , x = 21
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 72 (****)
The function f is defined by

 4 − x, x ∈ , x ≤ 2
f ( x) =  2
2 ( x − 1) , x ∈ , x ≥ 2

a) Sketch the graph of f ( x ) .

b) State the range of f ( x ) .

c) Solve the equation

f ( x ) = 18 .

C3W , f ( x ) ≥ 2 , x = −14, 4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 73 (****)

y y
f ( x) ( 4,3)
( 0, 4 )
g ( x)
( −2,0 )
x
O ( 5,1)
x
( −4, −4 )
O (1,0 )
figure 2
figure 1

Figure 1 and figure 2 above, show the graphs of two piecewise continuous functions
f ( x ) and g ( x ) , respectively.

Each graph consists of two straight line segments joining the points with the coordinates
shown in each figure.

a) Sketch on the same set of axes the graphs of f ( x ) and its inverse f −1 ( x ) ,
stating the domain and range of f −1 ( x ) .

b) Evaluate …

i. … fg 1 .
2 ( )
ii. … fgf −1 (1) .

( )
C3M , −4 ≤ x ≤ 3 , −4 ≤ f −1 ( x ) ≤ 4 , fg 1 = 2 , fgf −1 (1) = 3
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 74 (****)

1
f ( x ) = 2 − , x ∈ , x ≠ 0 .
x

a) Sketch the graph of f ( x ) .

b) State the range of f ( x ) .

c) Find as a simplified fraction, an expression for ff ( x ) .

d) Hence, show that

4x − 3
fff ( x ) = .
3x − 2

3x − 2
f ( x ) ∈ , f ( x ) ≠ 2 , ff ( x ) =
2x −1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 75 (****)
The functions f and g satisfy

1x
f ( x) = 2 e2 , x ∈ 

g ( x ) = ln 4 x x ∈  , x > 1 .
4

a) Find fg ( x ) in its simplest form.

b) Find the domain and range of fg ( x ) .

c) Solve the equation

fg ( x ) = 3x + 1 .

C3P , fg ( x ) = 4 x , x ∈ , x > 1 , fg ( x ) ∈ , f ( x ) > 2 , x = 1, x ≠ 1

4 9

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 76 (****)
The function f ( x ) is given by

4
f ( x) = , x ∈ , x ≠ 2 .
x−2

a) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) , in its simplest form.

b) State the domain of f −1 ( x ) .

The function g is defined as

g ( x ) = x 2 − 8 x + 10 , x ∈  , x ≥ k .

c) Given that g −1 ( x ) exists, find the least value of k .

2x + 4
f −1 ( x ) = , x ∈ , x ≠ 0 , k = 4
x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 77 (****)
The functions f and g are given below

1
f ( x) = , x ∈ , x ≠ 0, x ≠ 12 , x ≠ 1
2 − 2x

g ( x ) = ff ( x ) .

a) Find a simplified expression for g ( x ) .

b) Hence show clearly that

ffff ( x ) = x .

c) Find an expression for the inverse function g −1 ( x ) .

1− x 1− x
g ( x) = , g −1 ( x ) =
1− 2x 1− 2x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 78 (****)

f ( x ) = x 2 − 6 x , x ∈ , x ≤ 3 .

a) Find the range of f ( x ) .

b) Solve the equation

f ( x ) = 16 .

c) Find an expression for the inverse function f −1 ( x ) .

f ( x ) ≥ −9 , x = −2 , f −1 ( x ) = 3 − x + 9

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 79 (****)
The following functions are defined as follows

f ( x ) = 3 − x2 , x ∈ 

2
g ( x) = , x ∈  , x ≠ −1 .
x +1

a) Find the range of f ( x ) .

b) Find g −1 ( x ) in its simplest form, further stating its range.

c) Determine the composite function gf ( x ) .

d) Find the domain of gf ( x ) .

e) Solve the equation

8
gf ( x ) = .
15

2 2− x 2
f ( x ) ≤ 3 , g −1 ( x ) = −1 = , g −1 ( x ) ≠ −1 , gf ( x ) = , x ∈ , x ≠ ±2 ,
x x 4 − x2
x=±1
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 80 (****)
The function f is given by

3− x
f :x
, x ∈  , x ≤ −2 .
1+ x

a) Show that for some constants a and b

3− x b
≡a+ .
1+ x 1+ x

b) Sketch the graph of f and hence state its range.

c) Show that ff ( x ) = x , for all x ≤ −2 .

d) Without finding f −1 ( x ) explain how part (c) can be used to deduce f −1 ( x ) .

a = −1 , b = 4 , −5 ≤ f ( x ) < −1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 81 (****)
The function f ( x ) is defined by

2
f ( x ) = ( x − 2) −1 , x ∈  , x ≤ 2 .

a) Find the range of f ( x ) .

b) Find f −1 ( x ) in its simplest form.

c) Determine the domain and range of f −1 ( x ) .

d) Sketch in the same diagram f ( x ) and f −1 ( x ) .

f ( x ) ≥ −1 , f −1 ( x ) = 2 − x + 1 , x ≥ −1, f −1 ( x ) ≤ 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 82 (****)
The functions f and g are defined by

f ( x) = ex , x ∈ 

( )
g ( x ) = ln x 2 − 4 , x ∈  , x > 2 .

a) Find the domain and range of gf ( x ) .

b) Find the domain of fg ( x ) .

c) Solve the equation

fg ( x ) = 5 .

x > ln 2, gf ( x ) ∈  , x > 2 , x = 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 83 (****)
The functions f and g are defined by

f ( x) = ex − 3 , x ∈ 

g ( x) = x +1 , x ∈  .

a) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) , the inverse of f ( x ) .

b) State the domain and range of f −1 ( x ) .

c) Solve the equation

gfg ( x ) = 2 ( e− 1) ,

giving the final answer in terms of logarithms in its simplest form.

d) Find an exact solution of the equation

fgf ( x ) = e .

f −1 ( x ) = ln ( x + 3) , x ∈ , x > −3 , f −1 ( x ) ∈  , x = ln 2 , x = ln  2 + ln ( 3 + e ) 

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 84 (****)
The functions f and g are defined by

f ( x ) = x 2 + 3x − 7 , x ∈ 

g ( x ) = ax + b , x ∈  ,

where a and b are positive constants.

When the composition fg ( x ) is divided by ( x + 2 ) the remainder is 21 , while ( x − 1) is

a factor of the composition gf ( x ) .

Determine the value of a and the value of b .

C3V , a = 4 , b = 12

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 85 (****)
The function f is defined as

1 π
f ( x) = , 0≤ x< .
1 + tan x 2

a) Use differentiation to show that f is a one to one function.

b) Find a simplified expression for the inverse of f .

c) Determine the range of f .

 1− x 
C3I , f −1 ( x ) = arctan   , 0 < f ( x) ≤ 1
 x 

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 86 (****)
The function f is defined by

 x + 1, x ∈ , x ≤ 2
f ( x) =  2
( x − 2 ) + 3, x ∈ , x > 2

a) Sketch the graph of f ( x ) .

b) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) , fully specifying its domain.

 x − 1, x ∈ , x ≤ 3
MP2-U , f ( x ) = 
2 + x − 3, x ∈ , x ≥ 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 87 (****)
The function f ( x ) is defined by

f ( x ) = ln ( 3x − 2 ) + 3, x ∈ , x ≥ 1 .

a) Find the range of f ( x ) .

b) Find f −1 ( x ) in its simplest form.

c) Find the domain and range of f −1 ( x ) .

d) Sketch in the same diagram f ( x ) and f −1 ( x ) .

f ( x) ≥ 3 , f −1 ( x ) = 13 ( 2 + e x−3 ) , x ≥ 3, f −1 ( x ) ≥ 1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 88 (****)
The functions f ( x ) and g ( x ) are defined by

f ( x ) = ln x, x ∈ , x > 0

g ( x ) = e 3 x , x ∈ , x > 1 .

a) Find, in its simplest form, the function compositions

i. fg ( x ) .

ii. gf ( x ) .

b) Find the domain and range of fg ( x ) .

c) Find the domain and range of gf ( x ) .

fg ( x ) = 3 x , gf ( x ) = x3 , x > 1, fg ( x ) > 3 , x > e, gf ( x ) > e3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 89 (****)
2x + 3
The figure below shows the graph of the curve with equation y = .
x−2

2x + 3
y=
x−2

O x

x=2

a) Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote to the curve.

The function f is defined as

2x + 3
f ( x) = , x ∈ , x ≥ 0, x ≠ 2 .
x−2

b) Find the range of f ( x ) .

c) Find f −1 ( x ) in its simplest form.

d) State the range of f −1 ( x ) .

y=2 , f ( x ) ≤ − 32 or f ( x ) > 2 , f −1 ( x ) = 2xx−+23 , f −1 ( x ) ≥ 0, f −1 ( x ) ≠ 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 90 (****)
The function f ( x ) is defined by

1
f ( x) = , x∈ , x > 2 .
x−2

a) Find the range of f ( x ) .

b) Determine a simplified expression for f −1 ( x ) , further stating the domain and

range of f −1 ( x ) .

3
c) Show that the equation f −1 ( x ) = − has no real solutions.
x

1
MP2-J , f ( x ) > 0 , f −1 ( x ) = 2
+ 2 , x > 0, f −1 ( x ) > 2
x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 91 (****)
The functions f ( x ) and g ( x ) are defined by

f ( x ) = 2e x , x ∈ 

g ( x ) = 3ln x, x ∈ , x ≥ 2 .

a) Find, in its simplest form, the function composition fg ( x ) .

b) Find the domain and range of fg ( x ) .

c) Show that gf ( −2 ) does not exist.

fg ( x ) = 2 x3 , x ≥ 2, fg ( x ) ≥ 16

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 92 (****)
π
f ( x ) = 2cos 2 x, x ∈ , 0 ≤ x ≤
2

g ( x) = x , x∈ .

a) Sketch the graph of f ( x ) .

The sketch must include the coordinates of any points where the curve crosses
the coordinate axes.

b) State the range of f ( x ) .

c) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) .

d) Solve the equation

gf ( x ) = 1 .

( π4 ,0 ) , ( 0, 2 ) , ( )
−2 ≤ f ( x ) ≤ 2 , f −1 ( x ) = 12 arccos 2x , x = π6 , π3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 93 (****)
The functions f and g are defined as

( )
f ( x ) = 3 2− x − 1 , x ∈  , x ≥ 0

g ( x ) = log 2 x , x ∈  , x ≥ 1 .

a) Sketch the graph of f .

• Mark clearly the exact coordinates of any points where the curve meets
the coordinate axes. Give the answers, where appropriate, in exact form
in terms of logarithms base 2 .
• Mark and label the equation of the asymptote to the curve.

b) State the range of f .

c) Find f ( g ( x ) ) in its simplest form.

3
SYN-B , ( 0, 2 ) , ( log 2 3, 0 ) , y = −1 , −1 < f ( x ) ≤ 2 , f ( g ( x ) ) = −1
x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 94 (****)

ln 2
f ( x ) = e −2 x + , x ∈  , x > ln 4 .
x

a) Show that f ( x ) in a decreasing function.

b) Find the range of f ( x ) in its simplest form.

C3U , f ( x ) ∈ , f ( x ) < 9
16

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 95 (****)
The function f ( x ) satisfies

2x +1
f ( x) = , x ∈ , x ≥ 2 .
x −1

a) Show that

B
f ( x) = A + ,
x −1

where A and B are positive constants to be found.

b) Show that f ( x ) is s decreasing function.

c) Sketch the graph of f ( x ) and hence find its range.

d) Find f −1 ( x ) , in its simplest form.

x +1
A = 2, B = 3 , f ( x ) ∈ , 2 < f ( x ) ≤ 5 , f −1 ( x ) =
x−2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 96 (****)
25
The figure below shows the graph of the curve C with equation y = .
3x − 2

y
25
y=
3x − 2
O
x

a) State the equation of the vertical asymptote of the curve, marked with a dotted
line in the diagram.

The function f is defined as

25
f ( x) = , x ∈ , 1 < x ≤ 9 .
3x − 2

b) Write down the range of f ( x ) .

c) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) .

d) State the domain and range of f −1 ( x ) .

2
( )
e) Solve the equation f x 2 =
x −1
.

2 2 x + 25 7
x= , 1 ≤ f ( x ) < 25 , f −1 ( x ) = , 1 ≤ x < 25 , 1 < f −1 ( x ) ≤ 9 , x = ,3
3 3x 6

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 97 (****)
The functions f ( x ) and g ( x ) are defined as

2 x 2 − 50
f ( x) = , x ∈  , x ≠ −6 .
x+5

g ( x ) = x2 + 1 , x ∈  .

Show that …

a) … fg ( x ) = k ( x + k )( x − k ) ,

iiiiiiii stating the value of the constant k .

b) … gf ( x ) = 4 x 2 − 40 x + 101 .

k =2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 98 (****)
The functions f and g are defined as

f ( x ) = x 2 − 16 , x ∈  , x < 0

1
g ( x ) = 12 − x , x ∈  , x > 8 .
2

a) Find, in any order, ...

i. ... the range of f ( x ) and the range of g ( x ) .

ii. ... the domain and range of fg ( x ) .

b) Solve the equation

fg ( x ) = g ( 2 x − 22 ) .

MP2-K , f ( x ) > −16 , g ( x ) < 8 , x > 24, fg ( x ) > −16 , x = 30

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 99 (****)
The functions f and g are defined by

f ( x) = 2x + 3 , x ∈  , x ≤ 8

g ( x ) = x2 − 1 , x ∈  , x ≥ 0 .

Find the domain and range of fg ( x ) .

MP2-L , 0 ≤ x ≤ 3 , 1 ≤ fg ( x ) ≤ 19

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 100 (****)

The functions f and g are given by

f : x
x2 , x ∈  .

g : x
2x +1 , x ∈  .

a) Solve the equation

fg ( x ) = gf ( x ) .

b) Find the inverse function of g .

The function h is defined on a suitable domain such so that

ghf ( x ) = 3 − 2 x 2 , x ∈  .

c) Determine an equation of h .

SYN-V , x = −2 ∪ x = 0 , g −1 ( x ) = x−1 , h ( x ) = 1 − x
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 101 (****)

The piecewise continuous function f is even with domain x ∈  , −6 ≤ x ≤ 6 .

It is defined by

 x 0≤ x≤2
f ( x) ≡  1
3 − 2 x 2≤x≤6

a) Sketch the graph of f for −6 ≤ x ≤ 6 .

b) Hence, solve the equation

x = 4 + 5 f ( x) .

SYN-P , x = − 2 ∪ x = 1 ∪ x = 22
3 7

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 102 (****)

The graph below shows the graph of a function f ( x ) .

f ( x)

x
O

The function f is defined by

 ax 2 + x, x ∈ , x ≤ 1
f ( x) = 
3
bx + 2, x ∈ , x > 1

The function is continuous and smooth.

Find the value of a and the value of b .

SYN-Z , a = 4, b = 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 103 (****)

y
f ( x)

x
O

The figure above shows the graph of a function f ( x ) , defined by

 ax3 + 2, x ∈ , x ≤ 2
f ( x) = 
2
bx − 2, x ∈ , x > 2

The function is continuous and smooth.

Find the value of a and the value of b .

SYN-C , a = 1 , b = 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 104 (****)

The function f ( x ) is defined by

f ( x ) ≡ 3 − 2 x2 , x ∈  , x ≤ 0 .

a) State the range of f ( x ) .

b) Show that ff ( x ) = −8 x 4 + 24 x 2 − 15 and hence solve the equation ff ( x ) = −47 .

c) Find an expression for the inverse function, f −1 ( x ) .

d) Solve the equation

f ( x ) = f −1 ( x ) .

3− x
MP2-H , f ( x ) ≤ 3 , x = −2 , f −1 ( x ) = − , x=−3
2 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 105 (****)

y
( 0, 4 )
f ( x ) = a + cos bx

x
O 2π

The figure above shows the graph of the function

f ( x ) = a + cos bx , 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π ,

where a and b are non zero constants.

The stationary points ( 0, 4 ) and ( 2π , 2 ) are the endpoints of the graph.

a) State the range of f ( x ) and hence find the value of a and the value of b .

b) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) , the inverse function of f ( x ) .

c) State the domain and range of f −1 ( x ) .

(
d) Find the gradient at the point on f ( x ) with coordinates 4π , 5 .
3 2 )
(
e) State the gradient at the point on f −1 ( x ) with coordinates 5 , 4π .
2 3 )
C3Z , 2 ≤ f ( x ) ≤ 4 , a = 3, b = 1 , f −1 ( x ) = 2arccos ( x − 3) , 2 ≤ x ≤ 4 ,
2

0 ≤ f −1 ( x ) ≤ 2π , − 3 , − 4
4 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 106 (****)

The function f is defined in a suitable domain of real numbers and satisfies

e− x
f ( x ) = ln  .
e+ x

a) Show that f is odd.

b) Determine the largest possible domain of f .

c) Solve the equation

f ( x ) + f ( x + 1) = 0 .

SYN-Q , x ∈ , − e < x < e , x = − 1

2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 107 (****)

The functions f and g are defined by

f ( x) = 2x + 3 , x ∈  , x ≤ 4

g ( x ) = x2 − 4 , x ∈  , x ≥ 1 .

Find the domain and range of gf ( x ) .

MP2-D , −1 ≤ x ≤ 4 , −3 ≤ gf ( x ) ≤ 117

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 108 (****)

The function f satisfies

f ( x ) ≡ x2 − 4x + 1 , x ∈  , x > 4 .

a) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) .

b) Determine the domain and range of f −1 ( x ) .

c) Solve the equation

f ( x ) = f −1 ( x ) .

SYN-K , f −1 ( x ) = 2 + x + 3 , x ∈ , x > 1 , f −1 ( x ) ∈ , f −1 ( x ) > 4 ,

5 + 21
x=
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 109 (****)

The functions f ( x ) and g ( x ) are given by

f ( x ) = 3x − k , x ∈ , x ≥ 1, k ∈ 

g ( x ) = 2 x 2 + 4, x ∈ , x ≥ 0

a) State the range of f ( x ) .

b) Find an expression for gf ( x ) in terms of k .

c) Find the range of values of k which allows gf ( x ) to be formed.

d) Find the value of k , given that gf ( 3) = 102 .

2
f ( x ) ∈ , f ( x ) ≥ 3 − k , f ( x ) ∈ , 2 ( 3 x − k ) + 4 , k ≤ 3 , k = 2, k ≠ 16

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 110 (****)

The function f ( x ) has domain x ∈  , −1 ≤ x ≤ 5 .

It is further given that f ′ ( x ) > 0 and f ′′ ( x ) < 0

Find a possible equation of f ( x ) , which does not contain exponentials.

1
MP2-W , f ( x ) =
x+2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 111 (****+)

The function f is defined by

 − x + 8 x − 5, x ∈ , x ≤ 2
2
f ( x) = 
2
 x − 2 x + 8, x ∈ , x > 2

a) Show that f …

i. … is not continuous.

ii. … is an increasing function.

Let the set A be defined

A = {x ∈  :1 ≤ x ≤ 3} .

b) Determine the range of f ( A ) .

c) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) , indicating clearly its domain.

4 − 11 − x x≤7
SYN-H , f ( A ) ∈ [ 2,7 ] ∪ ( 8,11] , f −1 ( x ) = 
1 + 1 + x x >8

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 112 (****+)

The function f ( x ) is defined

f ( x ) = x 2 ( x + 2 ) , x ∈ , x > 0 .

a) Show that f ( x ) is invertible.

b) Solve the equation

f ( x ) = f −1 ( x ) .

MP2-E , x = −1 + 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 113 (****+)

The function f is defined as

f : x
6 − ln ( x + 3) , x ∈ , x ≥ −2 .

Consider the following sequence of transformations T1 , T2 and T3 .

T1 T2 T3
ln x  → ln ( x + 3) → − ln ( x + 3)  →− ln ( x + 3) + 6 .

a) Describe geometrically T1 , T2 and T3 , and hence sketch the graph of f ( x ) .

Indicate clearly any intersections with the axes and the graph's starting point.

b) Find, in its simplest form, an expression for f −1 ( x ) , stating further the domain
and range of f −1 ( x ) .

The function g satisfies

2
g : x → e x − 3, x ∈  .

c) Find, in its simplest form, an expression for the composition fg ( x ) .

SYN-G , T1 = translation, "left", 3 units , T2 = reflection about x-axis ,

T3 = translation, "up", 6 units , ( 0,6 − ln 3) , ( −3 + e6 ,0) , ( −2,6 ) ,

f −1 : x
−3 + e6− x , x ≤ 6, f −1 ( x ) ≥ −2 , fg : x
6 − x 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 114 (****+)

The functions f ( x ) and g ( x ) are defined by

4
f ( x) = , x ∈ , x > 0
x+3

g ( x ) = 9 − 2 x 2 , x ∈ , x ≥ 2 .

a) Find, in its simplest form, the function fg ( x ) .

b) Find the domain of fg ( x ) .

c) Find in exact form where appropriate the solutions of the equation

fg ( x ) = 1 .

d) Solve the equation

f ( x ) = f −1 ( x ) .

2 3 2
fg ( x ) = 2
, 2≤ x< , x = 2, x ≠ ±2 2, x ≠ −2 , x = 1, x ≠ −4
6− x 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 115 (****+)

The functions f and g are defined by

f ( x ) = 2 x + 1, x ∈ , x ≤ 5

g ( x ) = x − 1, x ∈ , x ≥ 10 .

a) Find an expression for the composite function fg ( x ) , further stating its domain
and range.

The domain of g ( x ) is next changed to x > a .

b) Given that now gf ( x ) cannot be formed, determine the smallest possible value
of the constant a .

MP2-X , fg ( x ) = 1 + 2 x − 1 , x ∈ , 10 ≤ x ≤ 26 , fg ( x ) ∈ , 7 ≤ fg ( x ) ≤ 11 ,
a = 26

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 116 (****+)

The function f satisfies

3
f ( x) = 4 − 2
, x ∈ , x ≥ 1 .
x +2

a) By considering the horizontal asymptote of f ( x ) and showing further it is an

increasing function, find its range.

b) Find f −1 ( x ) , in its simplest form.

c) Find the domain and range of f −1 ( x ) .

2x − 5
f ( x ) ∈ , 3 ≤ f ( x ) < 4 , f −1 ( x ) = , x ∈ , 3 ≤ x < 4 , f ( x ) ∈ , f ( x ) ≥ 1
4− x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 117 (****+)

The function f is given by

f ( x ) = 1 + x + 1, x ∈ , x ≥ 0 .

a) Find an expression for the inverse function f −1 ( x ) .

b) Determine the domain and range of f −1 ( x ) .

c) Solve the equation

f ( x ) = f −1 ( x ) .

f −1 ( x ) = x 2 − 2 x , x ∈ , x ≥ 0 , f −1 ( x ) ∈ , f −1 ( x ) ≥ 0 , x = 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 118 (****+)

f ( x)

O
x
B

The above figure shows the graph of the function f ( x ) , consisting of two straight line
segments starting at A ( −4, −4 ) and B ( 6,8 ) meeting at the point C ( 4,0 ) .

a) State the range of f ( x ) .

b) Evaluate ff ( 4 ) .

c) Hence find fff ( 5 ) .

[continues overleaf]

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

[continued from overleaf]

The inverse of f ( x ) is f −1 ( x ) .

d) Sketch the graph of f −1 ( x ) .

e) State the value of f −1 ( x ) .

f) Solve the equation f ( x ) = f −1 ( x ) .

−4 ≤ f ( x ) ≤ 6 , ff ( 4 ) = −2 , fff ( 5 ) = −2 , f −1 ( 0 ) = 4 , x = −4, 16
3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 119 (****+)

The functions f and g are given by

f ( x ) = 5e − x + 1, x ∈ , x ≥ 0

g ( x ) = 2 x + 1, x ∈  .

a) Find …

i. … an expression for gf ( x ) .

ii. … the range of gf ( x ) .

iii. … the domain of fg ( x ) .

b) Show that the only solution of the equation fg ( x ) = 5e 2 x+1 − 9 can be written as

x = 1  −1 + ln 1 + 2  .
( )
2 

gf ( x ) = 10e− x + 3 , 3 < gf ( x ) ≤ 13 , x ≥ − 1
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 120 (****+)

f ( x ) = enx + k e − nx

x
O

The figure above shows the graph of the function with equation

f ( x ) = enx + k e − nx , x ∈  , k > 1 , n > 0 .

Find the range of f ( x ) in exact form.

MP2-R , f ( x ) ≥ 2 k

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 121 (****+)

y
y = 3 cos x − sin x

x
O 2π

The graph of y = 3 cos x − sin x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π is shown in the figure above.

π
a) Express 3 cos x − sin x in the form R cos ( x + α ) , R > 0 , 0 < α < .
2

The function f is defined as

f ( x ) = 3 cos x − sin x , x ∈  , 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π .

b) State the range of f ( x ) .

c) Explain why f ( x ) does not have an inverse.

[continues overleaf]

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

[continued from overleaf]

The function g ( x ) is defined as

g ( x ) = 3 cos x − sin x , x ∈  , 0 < x1 ≤ x ≤ x2 < 2π .

The ranges of f ( x ) and g ( x ) are the same and the inverse function g −1 ( x ) exists.

d) Find …

i. …the value of x1 and the value of x2 .

ii. … an expression for g −1 ( x ) .

 π 5π 11π
C3L , 3 cos x − sin x = 2 cos  x +  , 2 ≤ f ( x ) ≤ 2 , x1 = , x2 = ,
 6 6 6
π 1
g −1 ( x ) = − + arccos  
6 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 122 (****+)

The function f is defined as

 1+ x 
f ( x ) = ln   , x < 1.
 1− x 

a) Show that f ( x ) is an odd function.

b) Find an expression for f ′ ( x ) as a single simplified fraction, showing further that

f ′ ( x ) is an even function.

c) Determine an expression for f −1 ( x ) .

d) Use the substitution u = e x + 1 to find the exact value of

ln 3

 0
f −1 ( x ) dx .

The figure below shows part of the graph of f ( x ) .

y
f ( x)

O
1
x
2

e) Find an exact value for the area of the shaded region, bounded by f ( x ) , the
coordinate axes and the straight line with equation x = 1 .
2

2 ex −1
SYN-I , f ′ ( x ) =
1− x 2
, f ′( x) = x
e +1 3 ( )
, ln 4 , area = 3 ln 3 − 2ln 2 ≈ 0.262
2

[solution overleaf]

Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 123 (****+)

The piecewise continuous function f is defined by

 5 − x, x ∈ , − 10 < x < 2
2
f ( x) ≡  2
 2 , x ∈ , 2 ≤ x ≤ 4
 x

Determine an expression, similar to the one above, for the inverse of f .

You must also give the range of the inverse of f .

 2
 , x ∈ , 1 ≤ x ≤ 1
SYN-L , f −1
( x) ≡  x 8 2 , −10 < f −1 ( x ) ≤ 4
 5 − x, x ∈ , 1 < x < 25
2 2 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 124 (****+)

f ( x ) = ln ( 4 x − 8) , x ∈ , x > 2 .

a) Find an expression for the inverse function, f −1 ( x ) .

b) Find the domain and range of f −1 ( x ) .

The function g is defined as

g ( x) = x , x ∈  .

c) Sketch the graph of fg ( x ) , indicating clearly the equations of any asymptotes

and the coordinates of the points where the graph meets the coordinate axes.

d) Hence solve the equation

fg ( x ) = 1 .

f −1 ( x ) = 2 + 1 e x , x ∈ , f −1 ( x ) > 2 ,
4 ( 94 , 0) , ( − 94 ,0) , x = ±2 , x = ± 1 ( e+ 8 )
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 125 (****+)

Information about the functions f , g and h are given by

1
f ( x) ≡ 1− ,
x

g ( x ) ≡ ff ( x ) ,

x −3
fh ( x ) = .
x−4

All the above functions are defined for all real numbers except for values of x for which
the functions are undefined.

Find simplified expressions for …

a) … g ( x ) .

b) … fg ( x ) .

c) … f −1 ( x ) .

d) … h ( x ) .

1 1
g ( x) = , fg ( x ) = x , f −1 ( x ) = , h( x) = 4 − x
1− x 1− x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 126 (****+)

The functions f and g are defined by

f ( x ) ≡ sin x , x ∈  , − π ≤ x ≤ π
2 2

g ( x) ≡ x − π , x ∈  , x ≥ 0 .
2

Determine, showing a clear method, the domain and range of the compositions

a) fg ( x ) .

b) gf ( x ) .

0 ≤ x ≤ π , −1 ≤ fg ( x ) ≤ 1 , 0 ≤ x ≤ π , − π ≤ gf ( x ) ≤ 1 − π
2 2 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 127 (****+)

A function f is defined by

f ( x ) = x 2 − 12 x + 27 , x ∈  , x < 4 .

a) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) .

b) State the domain and range of f −1 ( x ) .

f −1 ( x ) = 6 − x + 9 , x ≥ −5 , f −1 ( x ) < 4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 128 (****+)

The functions f and g are defined by

f ( x ) ≡ 3x2 + 6 x , x ∈  ,

g ( x ) ≡ ax + b , x ∈  .

a) Given that g ( x ) is a self inverse function show that a = −1 .

b) Given that gf ( x ) < 10 for all values of x , determine the range of values of b .

b > −7

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 129 (****+)

A function f is defined in a restricted real domain and has equation

f ( x ) ≡ x 2 − 6 x + 13 .

It is further given that the equations f ( x ) = 8 , f ( x ) = 13 and f ( x ) = 20 have 2

distinct solutions, 1 solution and no solutions, respectively.

Determine the possible domain of f .

MP2-M , 0 < x < 7 or −1 < x < 6

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 130 (****+)

( 0,10 )

y = f ( x)

(12, 4 )

x
O ( 4,0 )

The graph of the function f ( x ) consists of two straight line segments joining the point
( 0,10 ) to ( 4,0 ) and the point (12, 4 ) to ( 4,0 ) , as shown in the figure above.

a) Find the value of ff ( 2 ) .

The function g is defined as

2x + 1
g ( x) ≡ , x ∈  , x ≠ 1.
x −1

b) Determine the solutions of the equation gf ( x ) = 3 .

SP-D , ff ( 2 ) = 1 , x = 12 ,12
2 5

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 131 (****+)

The function f is defined as

f ( x ) = 3 − ln 4 x, x ∈ , x > 0

a) Determine, in exact form, the coordinates of the point where the graph of f
crosses the x axis.

Consider the following sequence of transformations T1 , T2 and T3 .

T1 T2 T3
ln x  → ln 4 x  → − ln 4 x  → 3 − ln 4 x

b) Describe geometrically each of the transformations T1 , T2 and T3 , and hence

sketch the graph of f ( x ) .
Indicate clearly any intersections with the coordinate axes.

The function g is defined by

g ( x ) = e5− x , x ∈  .

c) Show that

fg ( x ) = x − k − k ln k ,

where k is a positive integer.

MP2-V , ( 14 e ,0) , T = stretch in x, scale factor 14 , T

3
1 2 = reflection in the x-axis ,

T3 = translation, "up", 4 units , k = 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 132 (****+)

The function f is defined as

f ( x ) = ln ( 4 − 2 x ) , x ∈ , x < 2 .

a) Find in exact form the coordinates of the points where the graph of f ( x ) crosses
the coordinate axes.

Consider the following sequence of transformations T1 , T2 and T3 .

T1 T2 T3
ln x  → ln ( x + 4 ) → ln ( 2 x + 4 )  → ln ( −2 x + 4 )

b) Describe geometrically the transformations T1 , T2 and T3 , and hence sketch the

graph of f ( x ) .

Indicate clearly any asymptotes and coordinates of intersections with the axes.

c) Find, an expression for f −1 ( x ) , the inverse function of f ( x ) .

d) State the domain and range of f −1 ( x ) .

MP2-Z , ( 32 , 0) , ( 0,ln 4 ) , T1 = translation, "left", 4 units ,

T2 = stretch in x, scale factor 1 , T3 = reflection in the y -axis , asymptote x = 2 ,

2
f −1 ( x ) = 2 − 1 e x , x ∈  , f −1 ( x ) < 2
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 133 (****+)

The function f is defined by

4
f ( x) = 1− , x ∈ , x ≥ 2 .
x2

a) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) , in its simplest form.

b) Determine the domain and range of f −1 ( x ) .

2
f −1 ( x ) = , x ∈ , 0 ≤ x < 1 , f −1 ( x ) ∈ , f −1 ( x ) ≥ 2
2
1− x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 134 (****+)

The function f is defined on a suitable domain, so that the functions g and h satisfy
the following relationships.

g ( x) = 1 f ( x) + 1 f (−x)
2 2

h ( x) = 1 f ( x) − 1 f (−x) .
2 2

a) Show clearly that g is an even function and h is an odd function.

It is now given that

x +1
f ( x) = , x ∈  , x ≠ ±1 .
x −1

b) Express f ( x ) as the sum of an even and an odd function.

x2 + 1 2x
f ( x) = 2
+ 2
x −1 x −1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 135 (****+)

The functions f and g are defined by

π π
f ( x ) ≡ 3sin x , x ∈  , − ≤x≤
2 2

g ( x ) ≡ 6 − 3x 2 , x ∈  .

a) Find an expression for f −1g ( x ) .

b) Determine the domain of f −1g ( x ) .

( )
SP-C , f −1 g ( x ) = arcsin 2 − x 2 , − 3 ≤ x ≤ −1 or 1 ≤ x ≤ 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 136 (****+)

A function f is defined as

y = 3x 4 − 8 x3 − 6 x 2 + 24 x − 8 , x ∈  , −2 ≤ x ≤ 3 .

Sketch the graph of f , and hence state its range.

The sketch must include the coordinates of any stationary points and any intersections
with the coordinate axes.

SYN-F , −27 ≤ f ( x ) ≤ 37

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 137 (****+)

The function f is defined as

x +1
f ( x) ≡ , x∈ , x≠1.
2x −1 2

The function g is suitably defined so that

3x + 2
f ( g ( x)) ≡ , x∈ , x≠ 5.
3x − 5 3

a) Determine an expression for g ( x ) .

The function h is suitably defined so that

2x − 7
h ( f ( x)) ≡ , x∈ , x ≠ 2.
x−2

b) Determine an expression for h ( x ) .

2x −1 4x − 3
SP-E , g ( x ) = , h( x) =
x+3 x −1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 138 (*****)

 1

(

)
f ( x ) = ln  x 2 + 1 2
+ x , x ∈  .


Show clearly that …

1
a) … f ′ ( x ) = .
x2 + 1

b) … f ( x ) is an odd function.

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 139 (*****)

4 x 2 − 10 x + 7
f ( x) = , x∈ , x ≠1, x ≠ 2 .
x 2 − 3x + 2

Determine the range of f ( x ) .

SP-G , f ( x ) ≤ −2 3 ∪ f ( x ) ≥ 2 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 140 (*****)

The function f satisfies

 2x + 3 
2 f ( x) + 3 f   = 3x + 1 , x ∈  .
 x−2 

Find the value of f ( 9 ) .

SP-A , f ( 9 ) = − 26
5

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 141 (*****)

f ( x)
y

O x

The figure above shows the graph of

5 − 3x
f ( x) = , x ∈  , x ≠ 1,3 .
( x − 1)( x − 3)

a) State the equations of the vertical asymptotes of f ( x ) , which are shown as

dotted lines in the figure.

[continues overleaf]

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

[continued from overleaf]

The function g is defined by as

5 − 3x
g ( x) = , x ∈  , 0 ≤ x < 1.
( x − 1)( x − 3)

b) Find an expression for g −1 ( x ) .

c) State the domain and range of g −1 ( x ) .

4 x − 3 − 4 x2 − 4 x + 9
g −1 ( x ) = , x ∈ , x ≥ 5 , g −1 ( x ) ∈ , 0 ≤ g −1 ( x ) ≤ 1
2x 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 142 (*****)

The function f is defined below.

f ( x ) ≡ ln sin x + 2 − cos 2 x  , x ∈  .
 

Prove that f is odd.

SPX-H , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 143 (*****)

The function f is defined below.

esin x cos x + 1
f ( x ) ≡ sin x cos x , x ∈  .
e −1

Prove that f is odd.

MP2-S , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 144 (*****)

ex −1
f ( x) = , x∈.
ex +1

a) Show clearly that …

i. … f ( − x ) = − f ( x ) .

2e x
ii. … f ′ ( x ) = 2
.
( ex +1 )
b) Explain how the results of part (a) show that f −1 ( x ) exists.

c) Find an expression for f −1 ( x ) .

The function g ( x ) is defined in a suitable domain, so that

x2 + 6 x + 8
fg ( x ) = .
x 2 + 6 x + 10

d) Determine the equation of g ( x ) , in its simplest form.

 1+ x 
C3T , f −1 ( x ) = ln   , g ( x ) = 2ln ( x + 3)
 1− x 

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 145 (*****)

The function f satisfies the following three relationships

i. f ( 3n − 2 ) ≡ f ( 3n ) − 2 , n ∈  .

ii. f ( 3n ) ≡ f ( n ) , n ∈  .

iii. f (1) = 25 .

Determine the value of f ( 25) .

SP-H , f ( 25 ) = 23

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 146 (*****)

The function f is defined as

m
f ( x ) = −4 + mx + 12, x ∈ , x ≥ − ,
12

where m is a positive constant.

It is given that the graph of f ( x ) and the graph of f −1 ( x ) touch each other.

Solve the equation

f ( x ) = f −1 ( x ) .

SP-O , x = ±2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 147 (*****)

The functions f and g are defined by

f ( x ) ≡ cos x , x ∈  , 0 ≤ x ≤ π

g ( x ) ≡ 1 − x2 , x ∈  .

a) Solve the equation

fg ( x ) = 1 .
2

b) Determine the values of x for which f −1g ( x ) is not defined.

SP-T , x = ± 1 − π , x < − 2 or x > 2

6

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 148 (*****)

The function f is defined

f ( x ) = 4 − x , x ∈ , x ≤ 4 .

It is further given that

fg ( x ) = 4 + 2 x , x ∈ , x ≥ −2 ,

hf ( x ) = x − 4 , x ∈ , x ≤ 4 .

for some functions g ( x ) , x ∈  and h ( x ) , x ∈  .

Find simplified expressions for …

a) … g ( x ) .

b) … h ( x ) .

SP-Y , g ( x ) = −2 x , h ( x ) = − x 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 149 (*****)

The functions f and g are defined by

 x 2 , x ∈ , 0 < x ≤ 1
f ( x) = 
2 − x, x ∈ , 1 < x ≤ 2

1
g ( x ) = , x ∈ , x ≠ 0 .
x

a) Find expressions for the function compositions fg ( x ) and gf ( x ) , giving full

descriptions of their domains.

b) Sketch the graphs of the function compositions fg ( x ) and gf ( x ) , and hence

state the ranges of fg ( x ) and gf ( x ) .

1 1  1
 x 2 , x ∈ , ≤ x <1  x 2 , x ∈ , 0 < x ≤ 1
2
C3S , fg ( x ) =  , gf ( x ) = 
1 , x ∈ , x ≥1  1 , x ∈ , 1 < x < 2
 x 2  2 − x
fg ( x ) ∈ , 0 ≤ fg ( x ) ≤ 1
gf ( x ) ∈ , gf ( x ) ≥ 1

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 150 (*****)

 1
 1
(
f ( x ) = x ln  x 2 + 1

) 2
( )
+ x − x2 + 1 2 , x ∈  .


Show clearly that …

 1


(
a) … f ′ ( x ) = ln  x 2 + 1) 2
+ x .


b) … f ′ ( x ) is an odd function.

SP-U , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 151 (*****)

The piecewise continuous function f is given below.

2 x − 2 x ≤ 5
f ( x) ≡ 
 x+3 x >5

a) Determine an expression, in similar form to that of f ( x ) above, for the inverse

function, f −1 ( x ) .

b) Sketch a detailed graph for the composition ff ( x ) .

−1
 1 x + 1 x ≤ 8
MP2-T , f ( x) ≡  2
 x − 3 x > 8

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 152 (*****)

The function f is defined as

f ( x ) ≡ 4 x3 − 12 x 2 + 8 x , x∈ , 0 ≤ x ≤ 3.

Find the range of f , and hence sketch its graph, showing clearly the coordinates of any
relevant points.

SP-L , − 8 3 ≤ f ( x ) ≤ 24
9

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 153 (*****)

x−k
f ( x) ≡ 2
, x∈, x2 − 4 x − k ≠ 0 ,
x − 4x − k

where k is a constant.

Given that the range of the function is all the real numbers determine the range of
possible values of k .

SP-R , 0 ≤ k ≤ 5

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 154 (*****)

100
f ( x) ≡ 100
x
1
+ 100100 (
r =1
100
x + r) , x∈, x ≥ 0 .

Use a formal method to find the equations of any asymptotes of f ( x ) .

SP-P , y = 100

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 155 (*****)

The functions f and g are defined in the largest possible real domain and their
equations are given in terms of a constant k by

f ( x) =
(3k + 1) x − k + 1
2
and g ( x) =
7 x + 4k
.
x−k +3 4 x + 10

Given that f and g are identical, determine the possible value or values of k .

SP-P , k = 1
2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 156 (*****)

The function f is defined by

1
f ( x ) = 2 − , x ∈ , x ≠ 0 .
x

a) Prove that

f n ( x) =
( n + 1) x − n , n ≥ 1,
nx − ( n − 1)

where f n ( x ) denotes the n th composition of f ( x ) by itself.

b) State an expression for the domain of f n ( x ) .

n −1
SPX-N , x ∈ , x ≠
n

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 157 (*****)

The real functions f and g have a common domain 0 ≤ x ≤ 4 , and defined as

x
f ( x ) ≡ ( x − 1)( x − 2 )( x − 3) and g ( x) ≡

0
f ( t ) dt .

Use a detailed algebraic method to determine the range of g .

SP-I , − 9 ≤ g ( x ) ≤ 0
4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 158 (*****)

The functions f and g are each defined in the largest possible real number domain
and given by

f ( x ) = x − x2 − x − 2 and g ( x) = x − x + 6 .

By considering the domains of f and g , show that fg ( x ) cannot be formed.

SP-Q , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 159 (*****)

The function f , defined for all real numbers, satisfies the following relationship

1
f ( x) + 4 f (−x) ≡ 1+ x 2

−1
f ( u ) du .

Determine as an exact fraction the value of

 −1
f ( x ) dx .

SP-N , 6
13

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 160 (*****)

The function y = f ( t ) is defined by the integral

1
f (t ) ≡

0
( x − t )2 + t 2 dx , t ∈  , t ≥ 0 .

Determine the range of y .

SP-J , f ( t ) ≥ 5
24

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 161 (*****)

The function y = f ( x ) , x ∈  satisfies

f ( x ) + 2 f ( 2 − x ) = x2 , t ∈  , t ≥ 0 .

Determine a simplified expression for y = f ( x ) .

SP-K , f ( x ) = 1 x 2 − 8 x + 8
3 3 3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 162 (*****)

y
B ( 0, 4 )

f ( x)

x
A ( −2,0 ) O C ( 2,0 )

The figure above shows the graph of the function f ( x ) , consisting entirely of straight
line sections. The coordinates of the joints of these straight line sections which make up
the graph of f ( x ) are also marked in the figure.

Given further that

 −2
( )
k + f x 2 − 4 dx = 0 ,

determine as an exact fraction the value of the constant k .

SP-P , k = 4
3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 163 (*****)

1 2
f ( x) ≡
k
( )( )
x −1 x2 − 9 , x ∈  , k ∈  .

Determine the solution interval ( n, k ) , n ∈  , so that the equation

f ( x) = n ,

has exactly n distinct real roots.

SP-Q , ( n, k ) = ( 8,1) = ( 6, 2 ) = ( 4, 4 ) = ( 5, 2 ) = ( 6, 2 ) = ( 7, 2 )

Created by T. Madas