EXPERIMENT – 1

Aim : Write a MATLAB program to graphically represent the basic signals.

SOFTWARE Used : MATLAB R2013a

Program : Outputs :

clc ;
close all;

% Discrete Impulse
n= -10:1:10;
x= *zeros(1,10), ones(1,1) , zeros(1,10) +;
subplot(4,3,1);
stem(n,x);
ylabel('amplitude');
xlabel('time');
title('discrete impulse');

% Discrete Step
n= 0:1:10;
x= *ones(1,1) , ones(1,10) +;
subplot(4,3,2);
stem(n,x);
ylabel('amplitude');
xlabel('time');
title('discrete step');

% Discrete Ramp
n= 0:1:10;
x= n;
subplot(4,3,3);
stem(n,x);
ylabel('amplitude');
xlabel('time');
title('discrete ramp');

% Discrete Exponential
n= -pi:0.2:pi;
x= exp(n);
subplot(4,3,4);
stem(n,x);

Enrollment no.- 08315002822 Name- Jiya Arora

ylabel('amplitude');

Enrollment no.- 08315002822 Name- Jiya Arora

xlabel('time');
title('discrete exponential');

% Discrete Sine
n= -pi:0.2:pi;
x= sin(n);
subplot(4,3,5);
stem(n,x);
ylabel('amplitude');
xlabel('time');
title('discrete sine');

% Discrete Cosine
n= -pi:0.2:pi;
x= cos(n);
subplot(4,3,6);
stem(n,x);
ylabel('amplitude');
xlabel('time');
title('discrete cosine');

% Continuous Impulse
n= -10:1:10;
x= *zeros(1,10), ones(1,1) , zeros(1,10) +;
subplot(4,3,7);
plot(n,x);
ylabel('amplitude');
xlabel('time');
title('continuous impulse');

% Continuous Step
n= 0:1:10;
x= *ones(1,1) , ones(1,10) +;
subplot(4,3,8);
plot(n,x);
ylabel('amplitude');
xlabel('time');

Enrollment no.- 08315002822 Name- Jiya Arora

title('continuous step');

Enrollment no.- 08315002822 Name- Jiya Arora

% Continuous Ramp
n= 0:1:10;
x= n;
subplot(4,3,9);
plot(n,x);
ylabel('amplitude');
xlabel('time');
title('continuous ramp');

% Continuous Exponential
n= -pi:0.2:pi;
x=exp(n);
subplot(4,3,10);
plot(n,x);
ylabel('amplitude');
xlabel('time');
title('continuous exponential');

% Continuous Sine
n= -pi:0.2:pi;
x= sin(n);
subplot(4,3,11);
plot(n,x);
ylabel('amplitude');
xlabel('time');
title('continuous sine');

% Continuous Cosine
n= -pi:0.2:pi;
x= cos(n);
subplot(4,3,12);
plot(n,x);
ylabel('amplitude');
xlabel('time');
title('continuous cosine');

Enrollment no.- 08315002822 Name- Jiya Arora

 Experiment – 02
Aim : Write a program to compute N point DFT of a given sequence and to plot
magnitude and phase spectrum.

Software Used : MATLAB R2013a

8-point DFT
Code :
clc;

clear

all;

close

all;

xn=input('Enter the sequence x(n): ');

% Get 8 point sequence from user for 8 point DFT or 16 point sequence from user for 16
point DFT

In=length(xn);

% find the length of the sequence

xk=zeros(1,ln);

% initialize an array of same size as that of input

ixk=zeros(1,In);

% DFT of the sequence

for k=0:In-1

for n=0:In-1

xk(k+1)=xk(k+1)+

(xn(n+1)*exp((i)*2*pi*k*n/ln)); end;

end;

Enrollment no.- 08315002822 Name- Jiya Arora

% Plotting input sequence

t=0:In-1;

subplot(2,2,1);

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stem(t,xn);

ylabel('Amplitude')

xlabel('Time');

title('Input

Sequence');

% Find the magnitudes and phases of individual DFT

points magnitude=abs(xk); % plot the magnitude

response t=0:In-1;

subplot(2,2,2);

stem(t,

magnitude);

ylabel

('Amplitude');

xlabel ('K');

title('Magnitude Response');

% phases of individual DFT points

phase angle(xk);

% plot the magnitude sequence t=0:In-1;

subplot(2,2,3)

stem(t,phase)

; ylabel

('Phase');

xlabel ('K');

title ('Phase Response');

Enrollment no.- 08315002822 Name- Jiya Arora

% IDFT of the sequence

for n=0:In-1

for k=0:In-

ixk(n+1)=ixk(n+1)+

(xk(k+1)*exp(i*2*pi*k*n/In)); end;

end;

ixk=ixk/I

n;

Enrollment no.- 08315002822 Name- Jiya Arora

% code block to plot the input sequence

t=0:In-1;

subplot(2,2,4);

stem(t,ixk);

ylabel ('Amplitude');

xlabel ('Time Index');

title ('IDFT

sequence');

-------------------------------

Output :

Enrollment no.- 08315002822 Name- Jiya Arora

 Experiment – 03
Aim : To implement Time Shifting and time reversal property of
DFT.
Software Used : MATLAB R2013a

Time Shifting :
Code :
clc;
clear
all;
close
all;
x=input(“Enter the input
sequence”); n=input(“Enter the
delayed integer”); x1=length(x);
xn=x1+
n; for
i=1:xn;
if(i<=n)
xn0(i)=0
;
else xn0(i)=x(i-
n); end;
end;

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subplot(2,1,
1); stem(x);
title(„Input
sequence‟);
xlabel(„time index‟);
ylabel(„amplitude‟);

Enrollment no.- 08315002822 Name- Jiya Arora

subplot(2,1,
2);
stem(xn0);
title(“delayed
sequence”);
xlabel(„Time index‟);
ylabel(„amplitude‟);
figure;
w=0:pi/xn:pi*(xn-
1)/xn;
X=fft(x,length(w));
Xn0=fft(xn0,length(
w)); s=exp(-
j*w*n)*X;

subplot(2,1,1);
stem(abs(Xn0));
title(„DFT of the delayed
sequence‟); xlabel(„time index‟);
ylabel(„amplitude‟);

subplot(2,1,2);
stem(abs(s));
title(„DFT of the input
sequence‟); xlabel(„time
index‟); ylabel(„amplitude‟);

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Command Window :

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Outputs :

Time Reversal :
Code :
n = 0:N-1;
x = [1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4];
X = fft(x);

subplot(2,1,
1); stem(x);
title('Input
sequence');
xlabel('time
index');
ylabel('amplitude');

Enrollment no.- 08315002822 Name- Jiya Arora

figure;
G = X(mod(-n,N)+1);

Enrollment no.- 08315002822 Name- Jiya Arora

g = ifft(G)

subplot(2,1,2);
stem(abs(g));
title('reversed
output');
xlabel('time
index');
ylabel('amplitude');

Outputs :

Enrollment no.- 08315002822 Name- Jiya Arora

 Experiment – 04
Aim : To find linear convolution of two given sequences.

Software Used : MATLAB R2013a

Code :
clc;

clear

all;

close

all;

x1=input('enter the input sequence : ');

x2=input('enter the response sequence ');

L=length(x1);

M=length(x

2); N=L+M-

1;

y=conv(x1,x2);

disp(‘the values of y

: ‘); disp(y);

n1=0:L-1;

subplot(3,1,1);

stem(n1,x

1); grid on;

xlabel('n1')

ylabel('amplitude')

; title('input

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sequence');

n2=0:M-1;

subplot(3,1,2);

stem(n2,x

2); grid on;

Enrollment no.- 08315002822 Name- Jiya Arora

xlabel('n2');

ylabel('amplitude');

title('response

sequence');

n=0:N-1;

subplot(3,1,3);

stem(n,yn

); grid on;

xlabel('n')

ylabel('amplitude');

title('output

sequence');

-------------------------------

Command Window :

Enrollment no.- 08315002822 Name- Jiya Arora

Output :

Enrollment no.- 08315002822 Name- Jiya Arora

 Experiment – 05
Aim : To find circular convolution of two given sequences.

Software Used : MATLAB R2013a

Code :
clc;

clear

all;

close

all;

x=input('enter the input sequence:

'); h=input('enter the response

sequence: '); l1=length(x);

l2=length(

h);

n=max(l1,l

2); if l1>l2

l3=l1-l2;

h=[h,zeros(1,l

3)];

else if

l2>l1

l3=l2-

l1;

x=[x,zeros(1,l

3)]; end

y=cconv(x,h,n);

Enrollment no.- 08315002822 Name- Jiya Arora

disp('the values of y

are: '); disp(y);

subplot(3,1,1);

stem(x);

xlabel('n1');

ylabel('amplitud

e');

Enrollment no.- 08315002822 Name- Jiya Arora

title('input sequence');

subplot(3,1,2);

stem(h);

xlabel('n2');

ylabel('amplitud

e');

title('response sequence');

subplot(3,1,3);

stem(y);

xlabel('n');

ylabel('amplitud

e');

title('output sequence');

------------------------------------------

Command Window :

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Output :

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 Experiment – 06
a) Aim: To perform linear convolution from circular convolution.

Software used : MATLAB R2013a

Code :

clc;
clear all;
close all;
x1=input('Enter the input sequence');
subplot(3,1,1);
l1=length(x1);
stem(x1);
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('First sequence');

x2=input('Enter the response sequence');

subplot(3,1,2);
l2=length(x2);
stem(x2);
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('Second sequence');

if l1>l2
l3=l1-l2;
x2=[x2,zeros(1,l3)];
elseif l2>l1
l3=l2-l1;
x1=[x1,zeros(1,l3)];
end;

n=l1+l2-1;
f=cconv(x1,x2,n);
disp('The convolute sequence is : ');
disp(f);
subplot(3,1,3);

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stem(f);

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xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('Convoluted sequence');

Command Window :

Output :

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