NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA SAMITI

HYDERABAD REGION

E-CONTENT
COMPUTER SCIENCE CLASS XI
COMPUTATIONAL THINKING AND
PROGRAMMING

Introduction to Python Modules

SHIFA JAMES ,
PGT CS, JNV KADAPA
Modules in Python - Contents

Introduction to Python modules

Importing math module
(pi, e, sqrt, ceil, floor, pow, fabs, sin, cos, tan);
Importing random module
(random, randint, randrange),
Importing statistics module
(mean, median, mode).
Learning Objectives

After completing this lesson, the students

should be able to:
Understand the need of modules in Python.
Understand the use of import keyword
Use import statement to include various modules to the
program
MODULES IN PYTHON
Introduction

A book is generally divided into chapters. Why?

If it is not divided into chapters, reading will be boring and problematic.
Similarly, a big program is generally divided into small units, which are
known as modules.
The process of dividing a big program into small modules is known as
modularity.
A module is itself an individual unit.
Advantages

Modularity decreases complexity of a

program.
Modularity splits the lengthy program into
small and manageable subprograms and set
documented boundary between each.
Modularity also enhance the capability of
Reusability .
Definition

A module is a python file (.py) containing a

collection of function definitions , variables and
constants.
To use a module, we need to import the module.
For that , we use the keyword import
Structure of Python Module

A Python Module contains several things other than functions.

A Python file (.py file) can contain following objects-

Docstring : Triple Quoted comments which are important for
documentation.
Variables and constants : labels for data.
Classes : Blue print for objects.
Objects : Instances of classes.
Statements : Instructions
Functions :Group of instructions
Python Module -Structure

docString starts and ends with triple quotes

“”””.

This module has 2 functions and 2 docstrings.|

Importing module.

Using object of module.

Importing modules to Python Program

To use a module, we need to import the module. Once we

import a module, we can directly use all the functions of that
module. The syntax of import statement is as follows:
import modulename1 [,modulename2, …]
Eg : import math
This gives us access to all the functions in the module(s). To
call a function of a module, the function name should be
preceded with the name of the module with a dot(.) as a
separator. The syntax is as shown below:
modulename.functionname()

Eg : print(math.sqrt(144))
Built-in Modules

Python library has many built-in modules that are

easy to use for the programmers. Some commonly
used modules and the frequently used functions
that are found in those modules are listed below:
math
random
statistics
Math Module

It contains different types of mathematical

functions.
Most of the functions in this module
return a float value.
In order to use the math module we need
to import it using the following statement:
import math
 Functions in math module

Prototype
Sl.
Function (General Description Example
No
form)
square root of x >>> math.sqrt(144)
x may be a positive 12.0
1 sqrt math.sqrt(x)
integer or floating point >>>>>> math.sqrt(.64)
0.8
number
>>> math.pow(3,2)
9.0
xʸ (x raised to the power y) >>> math.pow(4,2.5)
32.0
2 pow math.pow(x,y) x, y may be an integer or >>> math.pow(6.5,2)
floating point number 42.25
>>> math.pow(5.5,3.2)
233.97

>>> math.ceil(-9.7)
ceil ceiling value of x -9
>>> math.ceil (9.7)
3 math.ceil(x) x may be an integer or 10
floating point number >>> math.ceil(9)
9
 Functions in math module
Prototype (General
Sl. No Function Description Example
form)

>>> math.floor(-4.5)
floor value of x -5
>>> math.floor(4.5)
4 floor math.floor(x) x may be an integer or 4
floating point number >>> math.floor(4)
4
sine of x in radians >>> math.sin(0)
x may be an integer or 0
5 sin math.sin(x)
floating point number in >>> math.sin(6)
-0.279
radians
cosine of x in radians >>> math.cos(0)
x may be an integer or 1
6 cos math.cos(x) floating point number in >>> math.cos(60)
-0.95241
radians
 Function/ Prototype
Sl. No Description Example
constant (General form)

Tangent of x in radians >>> math.tan(0)

0
7 tan math.tan(x) x may be an integer or floating >>> math.tan(90)
point number in radians -1.9952

>>> math.fabs(6.7)
absolute value of x 6.7
>>> math.fabs(-6.7)
8 fabs math.fabs(x) x may be an integer or 6.7
floating point number >>> math.fabs(-4)
4.0

>>> math.pi
9 pi math.pi Return the constant value of pi 3.141592653……
(available precision)

>>> math.e
10 e math.e Return the constant value of e 2.7182818……
(available precision)
Random Module

This module contains functions that are used for

generating random numbers.
For using this module, we can import it using the
following statement:
import random
 Functions in random module

Prototype (General
Sl. No Function Description Example
form)

Random Real Number >>> random.random()

1 random random.random()
(float) in the range 0.0 to 1.0 0.65333522
>>> random.randint(3,7)
Random integer between x and 4
y where x, y are integers such >>> random.randint(-3,5)
2 randint random.randint(x,y)
that 1
x <= y >>> random.randint(-5,-3)
-5.0
random.randrange(y) Random integer between 0 and
randrange >>> random.randrange(5)
3 y where y is a positive integer
4
signifying the end value

Random integer between x and

random.randrange(x,y) y where x and y are positive >>> random.randrange(3,7)
integers signifying 5
the start and end value
Statistics Module

This module provides functions for calculating

statistics of numeric (Real-valued) data.
It can be included in the program by using the following
statements:
import statistics
 Functions in statistics module

Prototype (General
Sl. No Function Description Example
form)

Arithmetic mean >>> statistics.

1 mean statistics.mean(x) Where x is a numeric mean([11,24,32,45,51])
sequence 32.6

>>>statistics.
median Median (middle value) of x median([11,24,32,45,51])
2 statistics.median(x)
where x is a numeric sequence
32

>>> statistics.
mode([11,24,11,45,11])
Mode (the most repeated
11
3 mode statistics.mode(x) value) in x where x is a
>>> statistics.
sequence
mode(("red","blue","red"))
'red'
Points to be noted while using a module

1. import statement can be written anywhere in the

program
2. A Module must be imported only once in a program
3. In order to get a list of modules available in Python, we
can use the following statement:
>>> help("module")
Example
>>> help("math")
Importing modules using from statement

Importing module can be done using from statement

so that only specific functions / attributes can be included
in other programs.
Syntax :
from modulename import functionname [,
functionname, ...]
Example:
from math import sqrt
Example 1.
>>> from random import random
>>> random() #Function called without the module name
Output:
0.9796352504608387
Example 2.
>>> from math import ceil, sqrt
>>> value = ceil(624.7) #Function called without the module name
>>> sqrt(value)
Output:
25.0
Let us Summarise

Python modules
Importing modules
Importing math module
(pi, e, sqrt, ceil, floor, pow, fabs, sin, cos, tan);
Importing random module
(random, randint, randrange),
Importing statistics module
(mean, median, mode).
BIBLIOGRAPHY:

1. Computer Science Textbook for class

XI
by NCERT
2. Computer Science with Python
by Sumitha Arora
3. Computer Science with Python
by Preeti Arora