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Anthropology (Idc) Notes

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Anthropology (Idc) Notes

Uploaded by

itsmelol1235
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit-I: Introduction to Anthropology

• Definition and Meaning: Anthropology is the scientific study of humans, their


behavior, and societies in both the past and present. It explores various aspects
of human experience through time.
• Major Branches:
1. Biological Anthropology: Focuses on the biological development of
humans.
2. Cultural Anthropology: Studies human societies, cultures, and their
development.
3. Archaeology: Explores human history through material remains.
4. Linguistic Anthropology: Examines language and its social and cultural
contexts.
• Scope and Objective: The objective is to understand human diversity across
time and space, emphasizing both biological and cultural evolution.

Unit-II: Biological Anthropology

• Taxonomy: Humans belong to the animal kingdom, classified under mammals


and more specifically primates, sharing common ancestry with other primates.
• Man as Mammal and Primate: Humans are distinguished from other primates
by characteristics such as bipedalism, advanced cognitive abilities, and
language.
• Human Anatomy: A study of the human skeleton, focusing on bones like the
skull, vertebral column, and femur.
• Dental Formula: Milk teeth (20) and permanent teeth (32), crucial for
understanding age-related dental development.

Unit-III: Prehistoric Archaeology

• Definition: Prehistoric archaeology studies human history before written records


through the excavation and analysis of artifacts.
• Methods:
1. Geological Method: Examining Earth's layers to understand historical
contexts.
2. Palaeontological Method: Studying fossils to trace human evolution.
3. Archaeological Method: Analyzing human-made objects to infer
historical lifestyles.

Unit-IV: Socio-Cultural Anthropology

• Concept: Socio-cultural anthropology focuses on understanding cultural norms,


values, social structures, and practices across different human societies.
• Scope: It covers the study of social systems, institutions, and cultural beliefs,
seeking to explain how humans organize their societies and interact This with
each other.
• Concept of Culture and Society: Culture includes learned behaviors, beliefs,
and symbols that define human societies, while society refers to the organized
groups of people living together, structured by these cultural practices.

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