08-Mar-22

WELCOME BACK
TO SCHOOL !!!...

Course Information
Course Code: ITC351

Course Title: Web Technologies

Credit Hours: 3

Lecturer: Maxwell Dorgbefu Jnr.

Web Technologies Lecture Slides by: Maxwell Dorgbefu Jnr.

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ITC351 - Thematic Areas

HyperText
Fundamentals
Markup
Web
Language
Technologies
(HTML)

Introduction
to PHP

Cascading
JavaScript
Style Sheets
(JS)
(CSS)

Web Technologies Lecture Slides by: Maxwell Dorgbefu Jnr.

Today’s Lecture

The World
Overview of Wide
Key Web Web(WWW)
Technologies and the
Internet

Domain
Names and The WWW
Uniform Model
Resource
Identifiers
Web Technologies Lecture Slides by: Maxwell Dorgbefu Jnr.

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Web Technologies Lecture Slides by: Maxwell Dorgbefu Jnr.

Web Technologies Lecture Slides by: Maxwell Dorgbefu Jnr.

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What are Web Technologies?

• This is an umbrella term used to describe a
collection of technologies that are used to plan,
design, develop and deploy state-of –the-art
websites and web applications.
• There are quiet a number of web technologies in
use today by professional developers of websites
and applications.

Web Technologies Lecture Slides by: Maxwell Dorgbefu Jnr.

Some Popular Web Technologies

• The following web technologies are very relevant in
the development of modern day websites and web
applications.
– HTML
– CSS
– JavaScript
– PHP
– WordPress
– MySQL
– Angular
– Bootstrap

Web Technologies Lecture Slides by: Maxwell Dorgbefu Jnr.

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SGML
• SGML stands for Standard Generalized Markup
Language.
• SGML is a system(ISO standard) used to specify
document structure.
• It was originally developed as part of the IBM
document-sharing project in 1974 and became
an official ISO standard in 1986.
• Most markup languages such as HTML and XML
are derived from SGML.
Web Technologies Lecture Slides by: Maxwell Dorgbefu Jnr.

HTML
• HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language.
• HTML is a language, which makes it possible to
present information on the Internet.
• That is, web pages all over the world consist of
HTML.
• However, HTML is not a programming language
but a markup language.

Web Technologies Lecture Slides by: Maxwell Dorgbefu Jnr.

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Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

• CSS is a style sheets language (style language)
introduced by W3C.
• Cascading refers to the process of determining
the priority of styling rules.
• CSS is used to define the presentational
semantics of structured documents.
• It provides control over visual as well as aural
characteristics of HTML and XHTML documents
and their elements.
Web Technologies Lecture Slides by: Maxwell Dorgbefu Jnr.

JavaScript(JS)
• JavaScript is an object-based client-side scripting language
that adds interactivity and programmability to web pages.
• JS was created by Brendan Eich at Netscape.
• It was introduced in December 1995, and initially named
“LiveScript”.
• Licensing issues at the time between Netscape and
Microsoft over “LiveScript” and “JScript”, respectively, led
to JavaScript’s standardization by Ecma International
standards organization as ECMAScript in June 1997.
• But JavaScript still remains the preferred name of the
language.

Web Technologies Lecture Slides by: Maxwell Dorgbefu Jnr.

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Extensible Markup Language (XML)

• Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a universal
format for structured documents and data on the
World Wide Web.
• XML, like HTML, is based on the granddaddy of
all markup languages, Standard Generalized
Markup Language (SGML).
• In contrast to most computer languages, XML has
no fixed, predefined set of tags.
• With XML, individual markup formats can be
defined.
Web Technologies Lecture Slides by: Maxwell Dorgbefu Jnr.

AJAX
• AJAX is an acronym for Asynchronous JavaScript
and XML.
• It is not a programming language but a group of
web development technologies related to each
other, such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, XML, and
XSLT.
• Ajax can be used on the client side to create
interactive web applications. Web site
applications empowered with Ajax can send data
to and retrieve data from servers asynchronously
Web Technologies Lecture Slides by: Maxwell Dorgbefu Jnr.

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PHP
• PHP stands for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor
and is one of the most popular open source
server-side scripting languages.
• It is a cross-platform, general-purpose language
originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994
for generating dynamic web pages.
• PHP is a widely used, free, and efficient
alternative to competitors such as ASP.net.

Web Technologies Lecture Slides by: Maxwell Dorgbefu Jnr.

Moment of Reflection
• Please reflect a bit and write down your answer
to the question below:
• Question ??????
• What is the difference between the Internet and
the web?

Web Technologies Lecture Slides by: Maxwell Dorgbefu Jnr.

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What is the Web - 1

• An information-sharing model involving a
coordination of Internet servers that support
some specially formatted documents.
• Documents are formatted using HTML standard.
• It uses HTTP as its communication protocol.
• Documents support links to other documents
including graphics, audio and video files.

Web Technologies Lecture Slides by: Maxwell Dorgbefu Jnr.

What is the Web?

• The world wide web (web) is a network of information
resources.
• The web relies on three mechanisms to make these
resources readily available to the widest possible
audience:
1. A uniform naming scheme for locating resources on
the web (e.g., URLs).
2. Protocols, for access to named resources over the
web (e.g., HTTP).
3. Hypertext, for easy navigation among resources
(e.g., HTML).
Web Technologies Lecture Slides by: Maxwell Dorgbefu Jnr.

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History of the Web - 1

• The www was invented by Tim Berners-Lee and
Robert Cailliau, two researchers working at
CERN, the European Nuclear Research Centre
(formerly, Centre European pour la Recherche
Nucleaire), located in Geneva, Switzerland
(1989).
• World Wide Web (WWW) project, started in
1990.

Web Technologies Lecture Slides by: Maxwell Dorgbefu Jnr.

History of the Web - 2

• Tim Berners-Lee and others created W3C as an
industry consortium dedicated to building
consensus around Web technologies
• Aimed at building a distributed hypermedia
system embedded with resources, enabled for
accessing on servers and built over the Internet.

Web Technologies Lecture Slides by: Maxwell Dorgbefu Jnr.

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Domain Names
• Web resources can be located by unique IP
addresses; however, IP addresses are difficult to
remember.
• Consequently, domain names are used instead in
most cases.
• Figure 4-1 shows the relationship between a domain
name and a URL; www.example.com is a subdomain
of the node example.com, which is the subdomain of
the com domain.
• The domain name syntax rules are defined by RFC
1035, RFC 1123 and RFC 2181.
Web Technologies Lecture Slides by: Maxwell Dorgbefu Jnr.

Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)

• A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a character
string that identifies a name or a resource on the
Internet.
• URIs can be classified as Uniform Resource Locators
(URLs) or Uniform Resource Names (URNs).
• URL provides a method or specifications for finding
resources on the Internet (including protocol and
path).
• URNs define a method for referencing an object
without declaring the full path to the object.
Web Technologies Lecture Slides by: Maxwell Dorgbefu Jnr.

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Parts of URL

Web Technologies Lecture Slides by: Maxwell Dorgbefu Jnr.

HTTP URL Details

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The WWW Model

Web Server

Client Device
Request CGI,
(URL) Server side Scripts in
PHP or ASP.net.

Web
Browser
Response
(Content)
Content

Web Technologies Lecture Slides by: Maxwell Dorgbefu Jnr.

HTTP Request and Response Model

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Focus Questions?
• Explain the following:
– Web page
– Index page
– Web site
– Web browser
– Web application
• Briefly describe how you would register for a domain
name.
• Write down any 10 web hosting companies you know of
• Provide the full meaning of the following acronyms as
applied in web technologies
– ICANN, JSON, AJAX, RSS, URI, XSLT

Web Technologies Lecture Slides by: Maxwell Dorgbefu Jnr.

END OF TODAY’S LECTURE

1. Web Browsers and

PLEASE DO NOT Servers
MISS NEXT WEEK’S 2. Domain Registration and
LECTURE ON: Hosting
3. The Web Design Process

Web Technologies Lecture Slides by: Maxwell Dorgbefu Jnr.

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